RU2056743C1 - Fur animal rearing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: apparatus for rearing fur-producing animals in summer period and in hot climatic zones has house with cooled air circulation system, gas-distributing stations and substations with cold producing refrigerating units using natural gas pressure difference. Cold is initially transferred through heat-exchanger to aqueous solution of ethylene glycol used as coolant, then through coolant to ambient air. Coolant source positioned at gas-distributing stations has expansion engine, pulsed gas coolers and vortex tubes. EFFECT: increased disease- resistance of animals, high quality of fur, reduced power consumption and increased profitability. 3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to methods for growing fur animals, in particular valuable breeds, using artificial cold and can be used in agriculture and fur farms.

 In the summertime, and in the southern latitudes almost all year round, the high ambient temperature is a serious obstacle to capturing valuable fur animals such as mink, sable, marten, etc. in captivity. This is due to the fact that fur animals they get sick, suffer from parasitic insects, lose their undercoat, eat poorly, which leads to irreparable loss of fur quality. To improve the quality of furs, it is advisable to keep animals at low temperatures year-round using artificial cold.

 Known cooling system for rooms for animals. The system has several synchronously rotating fans arranged at intervals, which are located above the animals and pump air onto their backs. A pressure tank with water is installed in the room, which is connected to sprinkler heads located near the fan, which spray water on the backs of animals. A special device regulates the time period for spraying water with sprinkler heads, depending on the air temperature in the room. Sprinkler heads can be turned on to spray large drops of water for one minute every half hour if the room temperature is above a predetermined value (see, for example, US Pat. No. 4,476,809, class A 01 K 1/00, publ. 1984).

The main disadvantage of above system is the inability to maintain the air temperature in the room for growing animals at a low level, r. H. Under 0 ^{° C,} which narrows the effective use of the system.

 A plant for growing living organisms is also known.

The installation contains several chambers isolated from the external environment for growing organisms. There is an air conditioner for supplying a given temperature and humidity to the air chambers. Each camera is equipped with an individual regulation system. The air conditioner has a central control system directly connected to individual control systems. The camera is a double-walled container with an entrance and a shutter to remove secretions. The design of the chamber allows for its sterilization. The air removal system may be of any design. (see, for example, US patent N 3464388, CL A 01 K 1/00, publ. in 1969),
The main disadvantage of the above installation is its portability and the inability to use it for large rooms.

 A device for studying animals is known in which the idea of placing animals in a forced-ventilated room is realized, where a temperature difference between the animal’s body temperature and the ambient temperature is artificially maintained. The use of this device made it possible to establish that the energy metabolism in animals becomes more stable when using artificial ventilation. The device comprises a room with a circulating air cooling system, a refrigeration unit with an evaporator communicated with the owner of the air placed in a container of water (see, for example, author, USSR certificate N 695625, class A 01 K 1/02, op. 1979 prototype).

 The main disadvantages of this device are the high energy consumption and the complexity of the hardware design, which complicates its practical use on an industrial scale for raising animals at low temperatures.

 The task underlying the present invention is the creation of a plant for the cultivation of fur animals, providing year-round use of artificial cold with minimal energy consumption.

 The problem is solved by utilizing the differential pressure of natural gas at a gas distribution station (GRS) or substation (GRP). In this case, the installation contains some kind of refrigeration unit (expander, pulsating gas cooler, gas-dynamic refrigeration machine, vortex tube), a system for transferring cold from gas to a liquid coolant, and a room for growing animals in which the cold from the circulating coolant is transferred to the air that ventilates the cells.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the proposed installation for growing fur animals in low temperature mode, the energy of compressed natural gas is used, which is currently lost on the gas distribution system (hydraulic fracturing) during throttling. For the effective cultivation of fur animals it is necessary to provide a constant supply of cold air, which is also ventilating. Thus, there is an open low-temperature system, which is characterized by large cold losses, and therefore the corresponding energy consumption. Such a system can be cost-effective only if a “free” source of cold is used.

 Of all the devices that convert gas pressure energy, the authors prefer the Rank-Hills vortex tube. It is simple and therefore reliable when operating in the conditions of hydraulic fracturing and hydraulic fracturing. Its cooling capacity far exceeds that of the throttle valve, although inferior to the expander.

The use of a vortex tube as a refrigeration unit was tested on an industrial scale with a natural gas flow rate of up to 50,000 nm ³ / h. The proposed design of the vortex tube is equipped with a device for controlling the flow, as in a conventional throttle valve. It allows to obtain the required amount of cold flow at cold to ^-30 ° C with a minimum power consumption. Essentially, energy is spent in the installation only on transporting cold from the gas distribution station to the cooled object.

 To obtain artificial cold, the vortex tube contains a nozzle of rectangular cross section and a device for controlling the flow of compressed gas, which includes a working element installed in the nozzle section and interacting with the rod having a reciprocating movement. In this case, the working body is made in the form of a body having a section that varies non-uniformly decreasing along the way.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings.

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of an installation for raising fur animals, FIG. 2 vortex tube design.

 The installation consists of a refrigeration unit in the form of a vortex tube 1, the inlet of which is connected to a source of natural gas (not shown). The valve 2 is installed on one of the outputs of the vortex tube 1 for regulating the hot flow. The other outlet of the vortex tube 1 is connected to the heat exchanger 3 "natural gas water solution of ethylene glycol", the output of which is communicated with the exit of natural gas from the vortex tube 2. The heat exchanger 3 is connected to the pump 4, which provides circulation of the refrigerant and communicated through a pipe 5 with an air cooler 6 installed in room 7 for the cultivation of fur animals. The air cooler 6 is connected to the atmosphere through the intake pipe 8, and the room 7 is communicated with the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 9.

 The vortex tube 1 consists of a casing 10, in which a diffuser 11 is made with a tangential nozzle 12. The diffuser 11 is fixed relative to the casing 10 by the rods 13. In the nozzle 12 there is a working element 14 with a rod 15, mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement to adjust the nozzle passage . A drive of a pneumatic actuator 16 (not shown fully) is mounted on the housing 10.

 Installation works as follows.

 Of the sources of compressed natural gas, which are currently throttling units for GDS, natural gas is supplied to the vortex tube 1 refrigeration unit. The design of the vortex tube is described above. Gas enters through the nozzle, passes through the annular gap, and then flows tangentially with the speed of sound into the vortex tube through a diffuser 11 with a rectangular nozzle 12. The gas is twisted and divided into two streams: cold, going through the diaphragm (not shown), and hot going to the opposite side. To change the gas load, it is possible to vary the control pulse, while the working body 14 is moved, reducing or increasing the area of the nozzle passing section.

Cold gas stream at a temperature of ^-20 ° C shelltube enters the heat exchanger 3, where it gives its cold ethylene glycol solution, cooling it to a temperature of -15 ^C. Next, the coolant pump 4 is transported to the cold room for growing consumption of fur animals 7. Here, in the air cooler 6 it is in contact with the air that circulates in the room and cools it to a temperature of + 10 -5 ^о С. The heated coolant is returned to the heat exchanger 3 for cooling. The air at the inlet to the cooler 6 is partially sucked out of the atmosphere through the intake pipe 8. The excess of cold ventilation air goes into the surrounding section through the exhaust pipe 9. Another way is possible to use chilled air, in the case of raising fur animals not in the room, but in open enclosures (cages ) In this case, a duct system is installed to supply chilled air directly to the enclosures and animals are “choked”.

 In contrast to the closed-room option, all the cold air goes into the environment, i.e., its circulation system is absent.

Growing fur animals using the proposed installation will reduce the number of diseases of animals from overheating by 25-30%, the number of furs passed on the highest grade will increase by 40-50%
Using the proposed installation for growing fur animals allows you to provide the following advantages:
provide high quality furs;
ensure low energy consumption and high profitability of the cultivation of fur animals;
The installation is easy to manufacture and reliable to use.

Claims (3)

 1. PLANT FOR GROWING FUR ANIMALS, containing a refrigeration unit in communication with a cooler of air supplied to the place of keeping animals, characterized in that the refrigeration unit is in communication with a source of natural gas supplied by said unit to a heat exchanger having a transporting coolant - an aqueous solution of ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol , and connected to an air cooler.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the refrigeration unit is located at gas distribution stations and substations and is made in the form of an expander, or a pulsating gas cooler, or a gas-dynamic refrigeration machine, or Rank-Hills vortex tube.  3. Installation according to claim 2, characterized in that the vortex tube for receiving cold is equipped with a device for automatically controlling the flow of natural gas.

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