RU2056165C1 - Method and device for material disintegration - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry. SUBSTANCE: method and device for material disintegration include crushing body 1 made of disintegrated material in the form of prism which are contracted by shell 2 with tension σ_t= σ_pD²/μl²,. The material protrudes out of shell by height H = D/2, where D-maximal size of initial piece, σ_t - compressive stress in prism, σ_р - tensile strength, μ - Poisson's ratio of material, 1 -prism size. EFFECT: enhanced quality of material grinding. 1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices for the disintegration (crushing and grinding) of materials and can be used in the mining, chemical industries, as well as in the building materials industry.

 A known method of disintegration of materials, including the impact of crushing bodies on pieces of crushed material with a given force and a device for its implementation, containing two movable crushing bodies.

 The disadvantages of the above method and device are as follows.

 The crushing bodies of the crushers are made of wear-resistant steel. During disintegration, pieces of crushed material wear out crushing bodies and the substance of crushing bodies gets into crushed (crushed) material. Depreciation is 1-3 kg / t, i.e. about 0.1% of impurities gets into the crushed material. In a number of technologies, for example, when crushing semiconducting materials, optical quartz, salt, etc. no more than 10-4% of impurities is allowed. Therefore, in conventional crushers and mills, a pure product cannot be obtained.

 The technical result is to exclude clogging of the disintegrable material by the substance of crushing bodies.

To achieve this goal, the material is disintegrated by crushing bodies made of the same material, moreover, the crushing body, solid or composed of prisms, is compressed by a shell with a voltage: σ _c = σ _p D ² / μl ² . In this case, the material protrudes from the shell by the value of h D / 2, where D is the size of the initial crushed piece; σ _c is the compression stress; σ _p ultimate tensile strength; μ Poisson's ratio of the material; l prism size.

 The drawing shows: 1 crushing body; 2 shell; 3 compression unit (bolts, nuts); F crushing force; τ shear force; D is the size of the original piece; h exit crushing material from the shell.

Prisms can be of any shape, the only requirement on all lateral surfaces they must be in close contact with each other and with the shell. The compression of the prisms along the lateral surfaces is necessary to exclude their split during compression of the crushed piece, and the compression stress should be equal to σ _c = σ _p D ² / μ l ² . For the destruction of a piece of size D requires the force σ _p · D ² ; this force is transmitted to the prism, where a tensile force and the corresponding stress σ _c arise, which is determined by the location of the prism 1 and the Poisson's ratio μ. A lower voltage does not preclude a prism split, and with a higher voltage, prisms can split due to compression by the shell.

 To avoid chipping the edge of the prism adjacent to the shell, it should not protrude beyond the edge at a distance greater than D / 2. When a piece of size D hits the edge of the crushing body, then destruction will occur if the piece extends beyond the edge by no more than D / 2. In this position, a prism edge chipping is possible if its edge extends beyond the rim by more than h D / 2, since the stresses in the prism in this case approach those in the piece. If the prism protrudes a smaller (than h D / 2) distance, then the probability of cleavage decreases, but the likelihood of contacting the shell with crushed pieces and clogging of crushed material due to wear on the edge of the shell increases. By giving the shell a corresponding shape, crushing bodies of the desired shape (flat, curved surface) are made.

 The work is as follows.

 The crushing bodies of the corresponding form are installed on the crusher (mill), the crusher is put into operation and pieces of the original size, no more than D, are fed under the crushing bodies. Crushing is carried out in the usual way, but without clogging of the crushed (crushed) product with impurities. The performance of the crusher and the energy intensity of crushing do not change, since they depend only on the physical properties of the crushed substance. The gain is achieved by improving the quality of the crushed (crushed) product. Since the crushed product is pure from impurities, it does not require processing to free from impurities, which gives a significant economic effect: for example, when optical quartz raw materials are freed from iron, they are kept in hydrochloric acid; hydrochloric acid is consumed (0.3 tons per 1 ton of quartz), staff wages, it is necessary to dispose of the forming solution, working areas, equipment are occupied, productivity and production of quartz raw materials are reduced.

Claims (2)

1. The method of disintegration of materials, including the impact of crushing bodies on pieces of crushed material with a given force, characterized in that the crushing bodies are made of disintegrable material and create a constant compression stress σ _i equal to
σ _c = σ _p D ² / μl ² ,
where σ _p is the tensile strength of the disintegrable material;
D is the maximum size of the original piece;
μ is the Poisson's ratio of the material;
l ² - the cross-sectional area of the crushing body.  2. A device for the disintegration of materials containing two movable crushing bodies, characterized in that each crushing body is made in the form of a set of prisms, which are located in the shell, tightened, for example, by means of bolts with a protrusion of the prisms from the shell to a height D / 2, where D - the maximum size of the original piece.

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