RU2054351C1 - Sawmill for processing round timber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wood-working industry. SUBSTANCE: sawmill has feed mechanism, milling heads, sawing frames. The sawing frames are connected by drive shaft with the help of finger entering with gap the groove eccentric relative to shaft axis. Separate drives are used for readjustment of each support. Rollers for log feeding are brought into motion from separate drive. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 1 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a sawmill and woodworking industry and can be used for processing logs and beams to produce lumber and wood chips.

 Factors of sawing efficiency on a frame stream are the volume output of lumber, their quality, productivity and degree of mechanization. At sawmills, as a rule, at least two or three diameters of logs are sawn, since the process of sorting logs is laborious, and reinstalling the saw set takes a lot of time. At the same time, the slabs received together with unedged lumber come to the cutting area. The resulting slabs have an indefinite shape, since the logs differ in diameter, run, chamfer and curvature, which does not allow automating the processes of disassembling lumber entering the cutting area, which reduces the productivity of the stream with sawmills. Behind the sawmill, it is necessary to put a person to straighten the croaker. In addition, the performance of sawmills is limited due to the presence of significant dynamic loads, due to the massive saw frames with saws making reciprocating movements. At the same time, significant vibration and lateral vibrations of saw frames are observed.

Known sawmill frame, consisting of a bed, feed rollers, three crank shafts mounted on the bed, the neck of the crankshafts of the same name are connected by rods and phase shifted by an angle of 120 ^about [1]
On the shafts of the same name, rods with vertical struts made with bases are fixed. Saw frames in the form of rectangular boxes with saws are installed on the bases. Drive from an electric motor through one of the crank shafts and traction. Saw frames with bases receive plane-parallel rotational motion. Along the feed, there are rollers in front of and between the saw frames.

 Such a design of the saw frame, despite the phase shift in the movement of the saw frames and the distribution of saws across the three saw frames, cannot increase sawing performance, since the moving parts have significant weights (traction with racks and bases with saw frames). In addition, the accuracy of cutting, exacerbated by the presence of significant gaps between the saw frames, will not be ensured. When sawing, croaks will appear. To reduce the loss of volume output of lumber, it is necessary either to install additional control saws, which will increase the mass of the saw frame, or to use the expensive technology for sorting logs into one even diameter. The presence of slab does not allow to mechanize and automate technological processes on the frame stream (disassembling boards with slabs for subsequent processing).

 Known sawmill frame with reconfigurable saw frames.

 The sawmill frame has guides with saw frames bearing one saw each, arranged in pairs symmetrically with respect to the axis of the frame on individual calipers retuneable relative to the axis of the frame. Saw frames are driven from a single crankshaft parallel to the axis of the frame, using connecting rods having trailed connecting rods. The connecting rods operate in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the frame (feed). Between the saw frames are the feed rollers.

 This design of the machine (saw frame) allows you to reconfigure the saw frames to each diameter of the log. However, if there are significant inertial masses (main connecting rod and trailed) working in a plane perpendicular to the feed axis, significant dynamic loads will occur, which will lead to vibrations and significant lateral vibrations of the machine and the cutting tool, which will not allow for accurate sawing. The machine will also produce slabs. The flow rate with the machine will be low. It does not make sense to re-adjust to the size of each saw frame, since no more than two thickness boards are produced at the same plant, and when reconfiguring each saw frame separately, the accuracy of the sawn timber with such a design of the machine will not be ensured.

 A known machine for the longitudinal processing of timber, having installed one after the other along the axis of the machine saw frames driven by a crankshaft, while the saw frames are installed in the calipers with the possibility of their movement in the direction perpendicular to the axis of the machine. In front of the saw frames, on both sides of the axis of the machine, milling supports are installed for processing the slab part of the log or beam into technological chips. Each saw frame is made of two halves placed on both sides of the machine axis, cantileverly mounted on the cross slide supports, and the crankshaft is mounted perpendicular to the axis of the machine.

 Such a machine can significantly reduce dynamic loads and increase the processing performance of logs and beams. However, due to the presence of connecting rods, the dynamic loads will be quite large, which will limit the productivity of the machine.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce inertial forces and increase productivity without compromising the quality of processing, creating the prerequisites for automating the processing of timber.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the proposed milling and sawing machine, including milling heads located on the calipers on both sides of the feed axis, saw frames, on each of which is fixed part of the overall supply of saws and the feeding mechanism, the saw frames are driven without connecting rods from a common drive using flywheels mounted on a shaft, having eccentric grooves relative to the axis of rotation, and fingers fixed to the saw frames and each entering its own groove. To reduce the specific pressure on the fingers can be installed "shoes" coated with antifriction material or having special rollers.

 The absence of connecting rods will significantly reduce inertial loads. Flywheels are located on both sides of the feed axis. The eccentric grooves are designed in such a way that the position of each saw frame is out of phase relative to the other. The presence of milling heads eliminates slabs, which creates conditions for the mechanization and automation of subsequent processing of lumber in the stream. In addition, it allows to reduce the dimensions of the saw frames and weight.

•

+

+ Ц_н+Э_доп,
где Ц_б и Ц_н цена базового и нового изделия;
В В коэффициент учета роста производительности;

коэффициент изменения срока службы;

экономия потребителя на текущих издержках эксплуатации и отчисления от сопутствующих капитальных вложений за срок службы нового изделия по сравнению с базовым;
Э_доп экономический эффект за счет высвобождения производственной площади.Due to the use of such a machine, the productivity of timber processing can be doubled on average. In comparison with the well-known economic effect due to increased productivity and the release of production space will be:
E C _b •

•

+

+ C _n + E _add ,
where C _b and C _{n the} price of the base and new products;
In the coefficient of accounting for productivity growth;

coefficient of change of service life;

Consumer savings on operating costs and deductions from related capital investments over the life of a new product compared to the base;
E _additional economic effect due to the release of production space.

 Additionally, due to changes in dynamic loads, the quality of processing lumber will increase; the absence of slabs will automate the process of disassembling boards, eliminate manual labor in the sawmill stream, and free workers, which will allow for an additional effect.

 Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram, a top view; in FIG. 2, view A in FIG. 1; in Fig.3 four saw frames with cantilever cross members; figure 4 two saw frames installed one after another.

 The machine includes a bed 1, a feed mechanism (for example, roller) 2, calipers with milling heads 3, individual drives of the milling heads 4, calipers 5 on which the guides 6 of the saw frames 7 are mounted, and the drive shaft 8 with the flywheels 9. The drive shaft is connected to by an electric motor 10 by means of a belt drive and movable joints, for example splined shafts. Each saw frame is connected to the drive shaft with the help of a finger 11, which enters with a gap an eccentric groove 12 relative to the axis of the shaft.

 In the feed direction, the cutting mechanisms are arranged sequentially, first the cutting mechanism with milling heads, and after it the mechanisms with saw frames one after the other on one and the other side of the feed axis.

 To reconfigure each caliper, separate drives are used, for example hydraulic cylinders 13. To feed the log (beam), lower and upper rollers are installed, which are driven by a separate drive 14. To prevent a turn behind the milling heads, guide walls 15 are installed on the same calipers.

 On the horizontal crossbars of the saw frames 7 are fixed through the inter-saw gaskets of the saw 16, and for the saws for guiding the materials to be sawn, the guide knives 17.

 The machine can be made with four saw frames (FIGS. 2 and 3) located on both sides of the feed mass and one after another, and can be made with two saw frames installed one after another and set in motion one from the right hand wheel, another from the left flywheel; there may be combinations of cantilever and conventional saw frames.

The eccentricities of the grooves (centers) the flywheel offset from each other by an angle equal for the two saw frames ^190, four ⁹⁰ etc. Saw frames can be installed not on supports, but simply on a bed. The drive shaft with the flywheels can be deployed parallel to the feed axis.

 To reduce the pressure of the fingers on the grooves of the flywheels, the fingers can be made in the form of "shoes" (sectors) and coated with antifriction material.

The machine operates as follows. The drive 14 of the feed mechanism drives the feed mechanism; individual drives 4 drive the milling heads 3, the electric motor 10 drives the saw frames through the grooves 9 and the flywheels 9 using the grooves 12 and the fingers 11 7. The saw frames mounted on one support are driven by one flywheel, the grooves of which are rotated relative to each other, for example, for four saw frames (two on one and two on the other support) at an angle of 180 ^about . The grooves on the shaft of the flywheel relative to the machine at the opposite feed axis caliper pivoted to each other at an angle ^of 180 relative to the flywheel and the first grooves 90 ^of the caliper. As a result, if the first saw frame is at the extreme upper point, the second is at the lower point, and the third is in the middle and moves up the fourth in the middle position and moves down. With two saw frames, each flywheel has one groove offset 180 ^° . Log 18 (timber) is fed by the feeding mechanism, the milling heads remove the runaway part of the log (croaker) and process it on the wood chips with side guides (walls), the timber is kept from relocation, then the boards are sawn from the sides first with the first pair of saw frames, then with the second pair saw frames, etc. Guide knives hold the boards and provide a cleaner cut (surface finish).

 When feeding logs of a different diameter with hydraulic cylinders, calipers with cutters and calipers with saw frames are reconfigured if the frames are installed on both sides of the feed axis and unsteady.

Claims (2)

 1. SAWING MACHINE FOR PROCESSING ROUND FORESTRY, including a feed mechanism and saw frames with a part for each saw set, characterized in that at least two saw frames with fingers attached to them have a common drive shaft with handwheels made with eccentric with respect to the shaft axis grooves, each saw frame using an eccentric relative to the axis of rotation of the flywheel groove and a finger entering the gap with it, connected to the flywheel, and the eccentricities of the grooves are offset relative to each other by an angle of redelyaemy from the expression α = 360 / N, where N - number of saw frame.  2. The machine according to claim 1, characterized in that on the fingers are fixed shoes that reduce the specific pressure of the fingers on the grooves of the flywheels.

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