RU2052008C1 - Method for manufacture of railway ties - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway track construction. SUBSTANCE: blanks of slabs produced by flat pressing from wood waste on synthetic or nonsynthetic binder are fastened together with glue thus producing ties. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to methods for the manufacture of pressed beams and sleepers from wood particles.

 A known method of manufacturing a single-layer chipboard by pressing a mass consisting of wood particles of different sizes and a binder from a non-synthetic material, such as casein glue.

 The disadvantages of these plates: low water resistance and water absorption, several times lower strength, therefore, these plates can be used inside dry rooms; small plate thickness up to 26 mm since with a larger thickness there will be a change in strength along the thickness, while low strength in the middle part of the plate will determine the strength of the entire plate. Therefore, the thickness of such plates is applied no more than 26 mm. Due to these disadvantages, this method is not suitable for the manufacture of sleepers from wood particles.

 A known method of manufacturing a multilayer chipboard, including three-layer, when the inner layer is formed from larger wood particles, and the outer two layers of small particles. In this case, synthetic materials are used as a binder, and pressing is performed under heating.

 The disadvantage of this method is to limit the thickness of the plate to 26 mm, to ensure acceptable uniformity of heating and strength of the plate. Therefore, this method is not suitable for the manufacture of sleepers from wood particles.

 A known method of manufacturing beams (prototype), characterized by the use of complex technology, solid wood for cutting veneer from it, going on plywood, and expensive glue. Therefore, this method is used in the furniture industry for the manufacture of plates of small thickness, since plates of the same size cannot be obtained from solid wood and the strength of these plates is higher than the strength of wood. Pressed bars according to this method are more expensive than the same bars made of solid wood. In this regard, this method is not applicable for the manufacture of sleepers, as they are cheaper to make them whole wood.

 The purpose of the invention is to reduce the cost of sleepers by making them from wood waste while creating the required strength.

 This is achieved by the fact that in the method of manufacturing sleepers, including flat pressing from wood waste together with binders and making holes for screws for fastening rails, some boards from wood waste are made by flat pressing using inexpensive non-synthetic material as a binder, and other plates using synthetic material as a binder, then the plates are cut into boards with a width and length equal to the width and length of the sleepers, then boards with glued to each other under pressure using synthetic glue, while the boards from the first boards alternate with the boards from the second boards and the last boards are placed from the second boards, and the ends and edges of the boards are covered with a waterproof material, then holes are made in the sleepers under the screws perpendicular to the plane boards.

 Figure 1 shows a General view of the proposed sleepers; figure 2 section aa in figure 1.

 Cross tie 1 consists of 2 and 3 glued together, covered at the ends and edges with waterproof glue 4. In tie 1, holes 5 are made for screws.

 The production of sleepers 1 begins with the manufacture by flat pressing of some boards from wood waste, such as waste shavings, using a synthetic material, such as phenol-formaldehyde resin, and other boards, using a non-synthetic material, such as casein glue, as a binder. To use these plates, ready-made press equipment for chipboard can be used.

 Then, boards 2 are cut from the first boards, and from the second boards 3. After that, the planes of boards 2 and 3 are covered with synthetic glue, for example, based on phenol-formaldehyde resin, and stacked on top of each other alternately to the height of the sleepers so that boards 2 are extreme. Then under By pressure, the laid boards 2 and 3 are glued together. Moreover, in the process of performing the gluing operation, it is possible to perform the operation of applying waterproof glue 4 to the ends and edges of the boards 2 and 3 of the formed sleepers 1, for example, based on phenol-formaldehyde resin. After performing these operations, holes 5 are drilled for screws for fastening the rails.

 Sleepers 1, made according to the proposed method from wood waste using more than half of the consumed glue from non-synthetic material, cheaper than synthetic, will have a cost of about two times lower than the cost of sleepers made from solid wood. In addition, the proposed method will reduce deforestation, which will also give a great environmental and economic effect.

 Due to the use of synthetic material and glue (based on phenol-formaldehyde resin), the proposed sleepers in comparison with wooden ones will have higher water resistance and biostability, will not decay and are exposed to fungi and wood insects, i.e. will have a longer service life. The biostability of the proposed sleepers can also be enhanced by the addition of antiseptics in their manufacture.

Claims (2)

 1. METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SLEEPERS, including preparing the bars, forming sleepers from the bars, fastening the bars, making holes for the screws for fastening the rails, characterized in that instead of the bars use workpieces obtained by sawing flat-pressed plates obtained from wood waste and a binder, the blanks have a length and width equal to the length and width of the sleepers, the blanks are fastened together using glue under pressure.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the billets used are obtained from two types of plates: for some plates, a non-synthetic binder is used, and for others, a synthetic one.

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