RU2043267C1 - Light warning system for night landing of flying vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: aeronautical engineering. SUBSTANCE: light warning system for night landing of flying vehicle has side landing light on board flying vehicle and system of passive landing signs (markers) over the runway contour of airfield; optimal ratio is selected for each marker which determines the area of reflecting surface; optimal orientation of marker relative to plane of surface of airfield is selected; optimal forms of markers and light reflecting films (marker coatings) are selected as well. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 45 cl, 12 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to lighting equipment for flight support, in particular, to lighting equipment at aerodromes and can be used for landing aircraft on field airfields and unequipped landing sites, for example, ice floes in Arctic and Antarctic conditions.

Known optical support systems for landing, providing for the presence of signal lights to indicate the end of the runway (runway) and the boundaries of the runway [3]
A disadvantage of known systems of this type is the high level of energy consumption and the related problems of equipment reliability.

 A system providing for the presence of passive lights, that is, reflectors scattering and directing to the observer (pilot) the light emitted by the aircraft’s onboard landing gears (helicopter), is free from this drawback [1] This system is adopted as a prototype of the invention.

 The use of reflectors, on the surface of which retroreflective, including multilayer films, which create the necessary color effect, are applied, is widely known from the practice of ensuring the safety of vehicles at night.

 The disadvantage of the system known from [1] is the relatively low efficiency of the system.

 Improving the efficiency of the system in accordance with the invention is achieved by choosing the optimal placement (orientation) of reflectors, choosing the optimal geometry of the latter and specifying the type of reflective coating.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows the design orientation of the reflectors, figure 2 design scheme for determining the optimal geometric shape and the installation of the reflector at the airport; figure 3-9 possible design options reflectors; figure 10-12 variants of the design of the reflective film.

 The landing system consists of marker pointers (markers) 1, installed accordingly near runway 2 with the possibility of visual observation in the reflected light of the headlights of the aircraft 3.

 In this case, the markers 1 can be fixed on the uprights 4 (figure 2) using cylindrical or spherical joints and brittle strips (not shown in the drawing).

 Markers 1 can be made in the form of bodies of revolution formed by an arbitrary shape curve (Fig. 3), flat shapes of an arbitrary shape (Fig. 4), recesses of an arbitrary shape (Fig. 5), pyramids (Fig. 6), truncated pyramids (Fig. .7), combinations of planar figures placed in different planes (Fig. 8), prisms (Fig. 9) and combinations of volumetric bodies in an arbitrary combination (Fig. 6).

 When executing the marker in the form of a three-dimensional body, you can specify at least one plane 5 (Fig. 2) that intersects only marker 1 along a closed curve (broken line) with the maximum possible perimeter (conventionally, the plane of the maximum perimeter of the PMF). For the variant shown in Fig. 8, the section line may be open. If the marker is axisymmetric, the PMP should be perpendicular to the axis of symmetry. If the reflecting surface is behind the PMF (in particular, a concave mirror), then the area of such a reflecting surface in further calculations is taken into account with a minus sign.

Markers 1 are set so that the line perpendicular to the PMP is directed to the aircraft 3 located on the glide path at the point corresponding to the maximum estimated distance from which the marker is visually detected at night, i.e. PMP installation angles of each i-th marker are calculated by the formulas:
α _i = arctan h / l _i ± 5 ^o φ _i = arctan b / l _i ± 5 ^o where li is the distance to the projection of the calculated glide path point on the horizontal plane (to point 0), h is the height of the aircraft 3 above point 0. (See also figure 2, which shows the projection 6 of the direction on the aircraft 3 and the direction 7 of the axis of the runway 2), b is half the width of the runway.

 To simplify the installation of markers 1 their PMP can be placed horizontally (Fig. 3) or vertically (Fig. 8). In this case, in further calculations, the PMP is replaced by the horizontal plane of the zero mark of the airfield or by the vertical plane perpendicular to the axis of the runway.

To select the optimal shape of the marker should use the equations:
S ₁ '(0.2-1.0) S ⁺ S ₂ ' (0.5-1.0) S ^- , where S _1.2 'is the projection area of the reflecting surface on the PMP (item 8 in figure 2) , S ^{+ is the} positive area of the reflective surface, S ^{is the} negative area of the reflective surface (item 9 in Fig. 2).

 The indicated relations determine the optimal convexity or concavity of the marker with respect to the conditional reflection plane (PMP), which can also be chosen as a zero plane or a vertical plane. In the latter case, for variants of the type of Fig. 8, the projection area of the reflecting surface is selected within 0.5-1.0 of the total area of the reflecting surface.

 Thus, the optimal use of the area of the reflecting surface of the markers is achieved due to the most favorable orientation of the surfaces with respect to the light sources and the observer.

To cover the markers selected reflective film of the following types (see figure 10-12):
prismatic lenses 10 inserted into a transparent synthetic resin 11, coated 12;
optical lens elements 13 inserted into synthetic rubber 14 and immersed in a capsule 15 of flexible transparent plastic;
optical lens elements 16 inserted into a transparent resin 17 (rosin) having a smooth outer coating 18.

 Moreover, for variants of the type of Fig. 8, the coating can be applied on both sides.

 These coating ranges are fixed on the surface of the markers with glue, if the self-adhesive film 19 is not used as the basis (Fig. 10).

 As an embodiment, film interference light filters of various light shades can be used to create a specific pattern, for example, bands on a reflective surface (Fig. 4).

Claims (5)

1. LIGHT SIGNALING SYSTEM FOR LANDING THE AIRCRAFT AT THE NIGHT TIME, including lighting equipment that provides the possibility of visual orientation relative to the runway when landing at night in the absence of optical visibility, characterized in that the approach, landing, restrictive and taxiway lights are replaced by passive reflective devices of a certain geometric shape, optimally oriented to the light of the landing lights of the aircraft, when The reference plane of its maximum perimeter is adopted as the basis for orientation of the retroreflective device, so that the normal to it directed to the light source of the landing aircraft makes an angle α with the horizontal plane, and the projection of this normal onto the horizontal plane makes up the runway axis angle φ, determined by the dependencies:
α = arctan h / L,
φ = arctan b / 2L ¹ ,
where h is the flight altitude of the aircraft with the landing lights on;
L is the horizontal distance from the retro-reflecting device to the vertical base from the aircraft with the landing lights on to the runway axis;
L ^{1 the} distance from the start of the runway along its axis to the base of the vertical to the aircraft with the landing lights on;
b runway width.  2. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflective device is made in the form of the outer surfaces of the bodies of revolution.  3. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflective devices are made in the form of internal surfaces of bodies of revolution.  4. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflective surfaces are made in the form of simple flat surfaces or volumetric combinations composed of flat surfaces.  5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces of the reflective devices are coated with special reflective materials of various color shades.

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