RU2036013C1 - Device for the continuous drying and grinding of the raw materials of clay soil - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of building materials. SUBSTANCE: device has a drying chamber with loading batch 1, box dosing apparatus 2, gate valve 3 with slots disposed under it and a case with air duct 4 connecting the loading chamber with the hot air blower. The box dosing apparatus and the gate valve are assembled in the guiding slots of bunker 5 which is a heat insulator at the same time. Unloading bunker 6 with shutter 7 is counterbalanced with overload 8. First flexible conveyer 9 with bridges 10 is located under the loading bunker. Cross ribs are assembled under the band. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the production of building materials, in particular to devices for continuous drying and grinding of raw materials.

 A known device is a drying drum for drying and grinding clay raw materials, including a loading point, a chamber for mixing air with hot flue gases of a heat carrier, a metal rotating drum with chains inside, an unloading chamber, a suction fan and a cyclone.

 The disadvantage of drying drums is the non-uniformity of drying of raw materials by fractions (moisture difference in fractions reaches 10-12%) due to their large heterogeneity achieved by chains, balls, percussion instruments and drum rotation, design complexity, stationary, high dust content due to open loading and unloading channels.

 The closest known technical solution is a conveyor dryer for continuous transportation of material, including a drying corridor (chamber) with fans for removing moist air and heat burners for radiation heating of raw materials installed on the drying arch, a conveyor from an endless wire mesh passed inside the drying corridor under a cast-iron floor tensioning devices located outside the drying aisle.

 A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the large heat loss due to free (open) heat exchange of hot and cold air in the drying zone and uneven drying of the material in volume due to the uneven distribution of the length, width and height of the tape, as well as the static tape throughout the drying period, which slows down the drying process due to the formation of a dry dense crust on the surface of the transported material.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the drying process of raw materials from clay soils by reducing heat loss, dosage and uniform distribution of raw materials on the tape, its grinding and mixing in the drying process.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in a device for continuous drying and grinding of raw materials from clay soils, including a drying chamber with a loading shaft, a loading and unloading hopper, a conveyor belt, the supports of which are located outside the drying chamber, and the ends of the shafts protruding from the bearing supports are connected to wires, at the entrance of clay moist raw materials to the drying chamber, a horizontally moving box dispenser and a gate located under the loading hopper-feeder are arranged in series, one in hell to others, which, together with a layer of wet raw materials in the feeder hopper, acts as a sealing and heat-insulating shutter, and at the outlet of the raw materials from the drying chamber, the role of the heat insulator is played by the dried raw materials in the discharge hopper, the required layer height of which is supported by a rotary damper, console-mounted to the axis, balanced by loading, while the axis of the hopper of the feeder is offset relative to the axis of the loading shaft by the width of the dispenser box, the upper part of the discharge hopper is placed inside, and the lower sleep the drying chamber narrower, while the part of the gate located above the loading shaft when it is closed has slots for passing hot air supplied to the drawer under it to empty the dispenser drawer from a measured portion of raw materials and to overcome the effect of adhesion of raw materials to the walls of the drawer, the dimensions of which are taken equal to the required width, height, length of the layer of raw materials supplied to the conveyor belt and are determined from the conditions for the required drying intensity of the raw materials, and the loading shaft is equipped with a duct with an air duct, anovlennym over it, by which it is connected to discharge hot air.

 In addition, the device is equipped with raw material shredders located between the paired upper and lower conveyors in the zone of raw material reloading, each grinder having a crushing shaft with chisels, guiding estrus and a ribbed fixed comb, the distances between the ribs of which are successively reduced at each overload stage to the required drying conditions for the sizes of pieces of crushed raw materials.

 In addition, transverse vertical jumpers are attached to the belt of the first conveyor, to which the raw materials come from the dispenser drawer, and the belt of each conveyor is attached to the transverse ribs installed under the belt, which are attached with their ends to the plates of the endless chains and are installed at an equal distance from hinges of each plate of chains.

 The proposed continuous drying device is equipped at the entrance to the drying chamber and the exit of the raw materials with heat-insulating and sealing elements, dispensing, tipping and distributing the raw materials evenly, in separate portions on the conveyor belt, which together with the raw material shredders provide for more efficient and uniform drying; in addition, vertical jumpers on the belt of the first conveyor prevent sticking of measured portions of raw materials fed to the tape by the dispensing box, and the peeling of the raw materials adhering to the conveyor belt occurs due to the formation of depressions and protrusions in the places of transfer of raw materials from the upper conveyor to the lower, resulting from the mutual rapprochement of the transverse ribs to which the conveyor belt is attached.

 The present invention will find application in the production of ceramic products (bricks, tiles, tiles, etc.) made from clay raw materials.

 The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a device for continuous drying and grinding of raw materials from clay soils; figure 2 is a cross section of the device; figure 3 is a cross section along the gate and the dispenser box in position under the boot shaft of the device; in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the device at the place of transfer of raw materials from the upper to the lower conveyor belt; figure 5 is a section of the conveyor belt when it is in the area of the chain sprocket; in Fig.6 the sequence of operation of the dispenser box (from I to IV position); Fig.7 cross section aa in Fig.4 and a view B (top) of Fig.7.

 The device includes a drying chamber with a loading shaft 1, a dispenser box 2, a slide 3 located above it with slots for air passage through them, a duct with an air duct 4 connecting the loading shaft with a hot air blower (not shown). The metering box and the gate are mounted in the guide grooves of the raw material hopper 5, which is also a heat insulator, the lower throat of the discharge hopper 6 is blocked by an axial shutter 7 with a counterweight 8. Under the loading shaft is the first flexible conveyor 9 with jumpers 10 fixed on it. Below are the same the length of the conveyors 11, the last of which is connected to the discharge hopper 6. The conveyors 9 and 11 contain shafts with sprockets 12, supported by bearings 13 mounted outside the dryer body. Endless lamellar chains 14 and transverse ribs 15 attached to them are tensioned on the sprockets, which serve as a support and a place for attaching a flexible conveyor belt to them.

 Between each pair of the upper and lower conveyors, raw material shredders are mounted, equipped with a crushing shaft 16, a comb 17 and guide chutes 18. The bearings of the crushing shafts, like the shafts of chain drives, are located outside the heat-insulating casing.

 The device operates as follows.

 After filling the dispenser box 2 with raw material (clay moist soil) from the hopper of the drive 5 (Fig. 6, item 1), slide 3 into the hopper-feeder and the upper mass of raw materials located in the hopper-feeder is separated from the bulk portion in the box -doser with a strictly fixed volume and dimensions established on the basis of the required drying capacity of the raw material (Fig. 6, item 2), after which the dispenser drawer is pulled out from under the hopper to the loading shaft (Fig. 6, item 3) and emptying the box under the action of its own mass of raw materials and eniya supplied through damper slots, hot air from the blower, then simultaneously dispensing drawer and the gate moved to the initial position (Figure 6, item 4). The moment of complete emptying of the dispensing box from the clay raw material is synchronized with the moment the jumpers 10, conveyor 9 are located at equal distances from the axis of the loading shaft, thereby filling the conveyor belt between the jumpers with clay raw materials and preventing subsequent sintering of the separated volumes in the form of bars with a dried outer crust when feeding it to the first chopper. Claying of clay raw materials adhering to the conveyor belt is carried out by means of depressions and protrusions in the places of transfer of raw materials from the upper conveyor to the lower one, which are formed as a result of the mutual convergence of the transverse ribs (Fig. 5), to which the tape is attached. When transshipment of raw materials from the upper conveyors to the lower estrus 18, the raw materials are directed to the ribs of the comb 17, where the raw materials are crushed by bits of the crushing shaft into pieces, the dimensions of which are determined by the width of the intercostal grooves of the comb, the thickness of the ribs of the comb and beat the shafts, the value of which is sequentially from one overload stage to another decreases, and in the last, the width of the grooves is taken equal to the maximum diameter of the stony fractions that passed through the differential rollers during preliminary processing of raw materials, and the depth is set and a grinder into which raw materials dried from a drying chamber to a predetermined humidity are supplied.

 Hot dry air is supplied to the drying chamber and humidified air vapor is removed from it through special ducts (not shown in FIG.).

 The use of a device for drying and grinding raw materials from clay soils for ceramic products provides complete mechanization and automation of the drying process of raw materials from clay soils; reduction of heat loss of the air coolant; acceleration of the drying process; improving the technological efficiency of the mobile and conveying elements of the device; environmentally friendly technological process (waste evaporated moisture from clay raw materials).

Claims (3)

 1. DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS DRYING AND GRINDING RAW MATERIALS FROM CLAY SOILS, including a drying chamber with a loading shaft, a grinding element, a conveyor belt, bearing bearings of which are located outside the drying chamber, and the ends of the drive shafts protruding from the bearing bearings, connected to the drives, the loading bunker and characterized in that the device is equipped with additional belt conveyors located one above the other in height of the drying chamber, a drawer dispenser and a slide with a slot and located under the loading hopper and the rotary damper balanced by the load installed in the discharge hopper, the axis of the loading hopper being offset relative to the axis of the loading shaft by the width of the dispenser drawer, with the upper part of the discharge hopper placed inside and the lower outside of the drying chamber, while the loading the mine has a duct with an air duct for supplying hot air.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with guide chutes and fixed combs and additional grinding elements located in the feed material loading zone, while the grinding elements are made in the form of a shaft with bills and interact with the combs, and the distance between the ribs of the combs gradually decreases in the direction of movement of raw materials.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the belt of the first conveyor is provided with transversely arranged jumpers, while transverse ribs are mounted under the ribbon, attached with their ends to the plates of the endless chains of the conveyor, the ribs being installed at equal distance from the hinges of each chain plate.

Images