RU203134U1 - Reactor for improving the quality of hydrocarbon distillates - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model can be used at the enterprises of the oil, oil refining and petrochemical industries. In particular, it can be used for the treatment of light and medium hydrocarbon distillates by destruction, isomerization and condensation. When processing distillates in this reactor, such qualitative indicators as boiling point, chemical and hydrocarbon composition are improved, the sulfur content is sharply reduced. The reactor consists of three sections. in the form of cylinders forming three technological zones, bases and covers, interconnected by means of threaded devices. Two heating elements (TEN) are mounted in the base of the reactor for heating the initial product, an inlet fitting for feeding the initial product into the reactor, a thermocouple for controlling the heating temperature of the initial product, and a level gauge for controlling the level of the incoming initial product. In the intermediate section of the body there is a catalyst - zeolite grade NX , a metal mesh is fixed, preventing the catalyst from spilling into the lower section of the reactor, and a thermocouple is installed to control the temperature. The upper section of the body is a reflux condenser (reflux condenser) with inlet and outlet fittings of the cooling liquid, a thermocouple is mounted in the section to control the temperature. a cover with a fitting for the outlet of the finished product and a pressure gauge to control the pressure in the reactor. The advantages of the proposed reactor over existing similar devices are to improve the quality of the distillate obtained, in particular, the sulfur content sharply decreases, for due to the original design, which provides the possibility of simultaneous implementation of the processes of destruction, isomerization and condensation, as well as the simplicity of design and manufacture. The implementation of the technical solution of the utility model is ensured by the manufacturability of assembling all the elements of the reactor into a single structure during its production and successful operation. The advantages of the proposed reactor over existing similar ones devices are to improve the quality of the resulting distillate due to the original design, which provides the possibility of simultaneous processes of destruction, isomerization and condensation, as well as the simplicity of the design.

Description

The proposed utility model - a reactor for improving the quality of hydrocarbon distillates (hereinafter referred to as the product) can be used at the enterprises of the oil, oil refining and petrochemical industries. In particular, the proposed reactor can be used for processing light and medium hydrocarbon distillates in the production of petroleum products by destruction, isomerization and condensation in order to improve their quality.

When processing the above-mentioned distillates in the declared reactor, such quality indicators as boiling point, chemical and hydrocarbon composition are improved, the sulfur content is sharply reduced.

In order to determine the state of the art, the following patents have been studied for reactors and installations designed to solve similar problems, with numbers:

133011 Device for the destruction of a mixture of heavy hydrocarbons,

99611 Distillate isomerization reactor,

2221618 Installation for the processing of oil and oil products,

2235112 Method for desulfurizing light petroleum distillates,

2312885 Desulfurization system with sorbent transfer mechanism,

2364582 Method for isomerization of hydrocarbons,

2539586 Device and method for isomerization of a hydrocarbon stream,

254027 Device and method for isomerization of benzene-containing raw materials,

2408656 Method of combined processing of oil-containing raw materials and installation for its implementation.

The general disadvantages of these devices are insufficiently high quality characteristics, as well as the complexity of the design, the need for constant use of expensive catalysts, their irrecoverable losses, high energy consumption and significant manufacturing costs (prime cost).

One of the closest in its technical essence to the claimed device is the reactor used in the implementation of the method of isomerization of hydrocarbons, protected by patent No. 2364582.

This reactor consists of a vessel, which receives raw materials mixed with hydrogen. Zeolites or chlorinated platinum-alumina catalyst are used as isomerization catalysts. The mixture stream from the isomerization zone of the casing is fed to the separator, where a part of the stream enriched in hydrogen is separated from the isomerization product stream. The isomerized product stream enters the deisohexanizer, in which it is separated into butane and light ends streams, after which the isomerate stream is sent to a stripper to remove butane and light ends.

The disadvantages of this reactor are the high metal consumption, the complexity of the design and manufacture, the lack of the possibility of desulfurization of the finished product.

The closest, in technical essence, to the claimed device is the distillate isomerization reactor, protected as a utility model by patent No. 199611, which can be taken as a prototype.

The reactor consists of a body, in the lower part of which a distillate inlet is mounted, containing a check valve, a recycle reactor outlet and a finished product outlet. In the housing at the entrance to the reactor, a perforated plate is installed obliquely for uniform distribution of the processed product; an adsorbent is located inside the housing. At the outlet of the reactor, a droplet separator is installed and a fitting for withdrawing the isomerized and purified product from the reactor is mounted. The reactor is equipped with four external heating elements, four heat-insulating casings and two thermocouples installed inside the sorbent.

The initial product - distillate mixed with a hydrogen source (water) enters the housing through the distribution plate, passes through the adsorbent, is heated and brought to a vapor-liquid state. On the adsorbent, normal paraffins are transformed into isostroy paraffins and the distillate is desulfurized.

On the surface of the adsorbent, a mass exchange of distillate takes place, while the condensed part flows into the lower zone of the reactor vessel, washing away sulfurous resinous compounds, which are removed from the reactor through the choke, purified by filtration from sulfur and resinous compounds, and then returned to the reactor vessel for further processing. When the distillate passes from the upper zone of the reactor to the lower one, it heats up, and its light part evaporates. The purified product is removed from the reactor through a droplet separator.

The disadvantages of the prototype are: high energy consumption, insufficient heat and mass exchange, insufficient selective technological process.

The purpose of the claimed utility model is to eliminate the above-mentioned disadvantages of the known devices, including the specified prototype, to increase the efficiency of processing light and medium hydrocarbon distillates in the production of petroleum products, and to improve the quality of the final product.

To achieve this goal, the task was set to develop a technical device in the form of a reactor for processing light and medium hydrocarbon distillates, providing:

reduction of energy consumption due to the placement of heating elements in the area of the original product;

increasing the selectivity of the technological process, due to the separation of zones of evaporation, fractionation, catalyst zone and the course of the process in the vapor phase;

efficient heat and mass exchange due to the location of the reflux condenser (reflux condenser) in the upper zone of the reactor, which prolongs the life of the catalyst and the ability to regenerate it up to 20 times;

process the original product of inferior quality to obtain a product with the same characteristics as provided by the prototype.

The technical result in solving the declared problem is to obtain a product with improved quality indicators such as boiling points, chemical and carbon composition, sulfur content.

The specified technical result is achieved by creating a reactor that includes functionally and structurally related elements:

base, three steel cylindrical sections: lower, intermediate, upper and cover with flanges welded at the ends of each element;

heating elements (heating elements) are screwed into the base for heating the original product;

a nozzle for the initial product inlet is welded into the lower section, a thermocouple is screwed along the thread to control the heating temperature of the initial product and a level gauge to control the filling level of the lower section with the initial product;

in the intermediate section there is a catalyst - zeolite grade NX, a thermocouple is screwed in to control the catalyst temperature, a protective mesh is welded in the lower part of the section to prevent the catalyst from spilling into the lower section;

the upper section is a dephlegmator for condensation of vapors of the processed product, into which fittings for the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant are welded in and a thermocouple is screwed in to control the temperature;

a branch pipe is welded into the lid for the exit of the finished product from the reactor and a pressure gauge is screwed along the thread to control the pressure in the reactor;

the base, sections and the lid of the reactor are mounted together through their flanges using threaded bolt-nut devices in the following sequence: the lower section - with the base, the intermediate section - with the lower, the upper section - with the intermediate, the lid - with the upper section.

The technical solution of the claimed utility model is illustrated by a general drawing of the device shown in the attached FIG.

The device includes structurally interconnected elements: the base 1 of the reactor, three steel cylindrical sections: lower 2, intermediate 3, upper 4 and cover 5 with flanges welded at the ends of each element. Heating elements (heating elements) 6 are threaded into the base of the reactor 1 to heat the initial product.

A fitting 7 is welded into the lower section 2 for introducing the initial product, a thermocouple 8 is screwed in to control the heating temperature of the initial product and a level gauge 9 to control the level of filling the section with the initial product.

In the intermediate section 3 there is a catalyst 10 (zeolite grade NX), a thermocouple 11 is screwed in to control the catalyst temperature, a protective mesh 12 is welded in the lower part of the section to prevent catalyst 10 from spilling into the lower section 2.

The upper section 4 is a dephlegmator for condensation of vapors of the processed product, into which the inlet 13 and outlet 14 of the refrigerant are welded and the thermocouple 15 is screwed in to control the temperature of the refrigerant.

A branch pipe 16 is welded into the lid 5 for the exit of the finished product from the reactor and a pressure gauge 17 is screwed along the thread to control the pressure in the reactor.

The base 1, the lower section 2, the intermediate section 3, the upper section 4 and the reactor cover 5 are mounted together in sequence, as shown in Fig., Using threaded bolt-nut devices through their flanges.

The reactor operates as follows.

The initial product (hydrocarbon distillate) enters the lower section 2 through the nozzle 7 and is heated by elements (heating elements) 6, the heating temperature is controlled by a thermocouple 8, the product level is controlled by a level gauge 9.

The heated product enters the intermediate section 3, passes through the catalyst 10, on the surface of which the processes of destruction, isomerization, condensation take place, and enters the upper section 4. The spillage of the catalyst 10 into the lower section 2 is prevented by the protective grid 12, the temperature in the intermediate section is measured by the thermocouple 11.

In the upper section 4, which is a reflux condenser (reflux condenser) with a flowing refrigerant, distillate vapors are condensed into a finished product, which is removed from the reactor through a branch pipe 16 mounted on the cover 5. The pressure gauge 17 controls the pressure in the reactor.

Thus, as a result of processing the initial product - petroleum distillate in the declared reactor, due to its original design, a product with improved quality characteristics is produced, the parameters of which are set out in the following table.

The implementation of the technical solution of the utility model is ensured by the manufacturability of assembling all the elements of the reactor into a single structure during its production and successful operation.

The advantages of the proposed reactor over the existing ones are to improve the quality of the resulting distillate due to the original design, which provides the possibility of simultaneous destruction, isomerization and condensation processes, as well as the simplicity of design and manufacture.

Manufacturing and testing of an experimental industrial sample of the "Reactor for improving the quality of hydrocarbon distillates" under operating conditions confirmed the above results, which indicate that the proposed device can be recognized as a useful model, since it meets the requirements of patentability: novelty, usefulness and industrial applicability.

Claims (1)

Reactor for improving the quality of hydrocarbon distillates, including functionally and structurally interconnected elements: base, three steel cylindrical sections: lower, intermediate, upper and lid with flanges welded at the ends of each element; heating elements are screwed into the base - heating elements for heating the original product; a nozzle for the initial product inlet is welded into the lower section, a thermocouple is screwed along the thread to control the heating temperature of the initial product and a level gauge to control the filling level of the initial product; in the intermediate section there is a catalyst - zeolite grade NX, a thermocouple is screwed in to control the temperature of the catalyst, in the lower part of the section a protective mesh is welded to prevent the catalyst from spilling into the lower section; the upper section is a dephlegmator for condensation of vapors of the processed product, into which fittings for the inlet and outlet of the refrigerant are welded and a thermocouple is screwed in to control the temperature; a branch pipe is welded into the lid for the exit of the finished product from the reactor and a pressure gauge is screwed along the thread to control the pressure in the reactor; moreover, the base, all sections and the reactor cover are mounted together using threaded bolt - nut devices through their flanges in the following sequence: the lower section with the base, the intermediate section with the lower, the upper section with the intermediate, and the lid with the upper section.

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