RU2030524C1 - Device for cleaning drain wells and pipelines - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cleaning of drain wells and pipelines. SUBSTANCE: connected to jets of hydraulic agitator is pressure pipeline for supply of working medium with vertical sections. Installed at the end of outlet of pulp feed-line located in reservoir is shutoff valve. Vertical pressure pipelines are accommodated in supply pipe connected with pulp feed-line and manifold for working medium supply. Installed over length with inclination to horizontal on vertical sections of pressure pipelines and on vertical pressure pipelines of supply pipe are shelves carrying horizontal branches with plugged ends connected with one pressure pipeline and jets of hydraulic agitator. Hydraulic accumulator is communicated with supply line and manifold supplying working medium. Hydraulic agitator jets have nipples. Air supply pipeline is communicated with pulp feed-line, its inlet has gate with drive. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 4 cl, 6 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to devices designed to remove production waste, in particular, sludge (plugs) of ash and soot from a drainage well and pipes lowered into it, operated at cogeneration plants, and can be used in various sectors of the economy: municipal, oil, metallurgical, chemical, transport, coal, food, rural, irrigation and drainage, etc.

 A device for cleaning structures containing a vacuum system and a composite transport pipe with an end pipe, which is additionally equipped with a cylindrical nozzle attached to the end pipe with an air pipe and an air supply regulator, the latter is installed above the nozzle in the wall of the end pipe [1].

 Its disadvantage is that it is clogged with sludge when placed in a deep well for a long period of waste accumulation and it is not able to remove them when it is turned on.

 The closest technical solution is a device for cleaning wells containing a hydraulic ripper, to which a controlled pressure pipe for supply is connected, an elastic annular hollow tube and slurry conduit located around the hydraulic ripper, the device is additionally equipped with a reservoir with pipelines for supplying air and removing pulp and brake pads, moreover, the brake pads are installed above the hydraulic ripper under the tank, the outlet pipe of the slurry line with the installed its end a stop valve adapted to a switch solenoid placed on the pressure pipe for supplying water to hydroripper and piping for supplying air to the reservoir (2). The disadvantages of this device include the need to manufacture a volumetric elastic hollow cork, which requires high-quality and expensive material, and the effectiveness of compaction of an ideal flat surface of the side wall of a well without cracks is practically not achieved, the rippers located for a long time under the waste level become clogged with dense sediment and can be their start-ups are inoperative, it is not excluded that the slurry line in its lower part can also be clogged with waste sludge in the form of plugs with the valve closed e in its upper part and the water pressure in the pressure pipe will be insufficient to remove it.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the reliability and efficiency of removing sludge plugs from a drainage well and pipelines mounted inside and in communication with it.

 This object is achieved in that a device for cleaning drainage wells and pipelines, containing a hydraulic ripper with nozzles, to which a pressure medium supply pipe with vertical sections is connected, a slurry line with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe located in the tank, at the end of which there is a shut-off valve, a discharge pipe slurry and air supply pipe, equipped with a hydraulic accumulator, additional pressure pipelines of the medium supply with vertical sections connected to the PU a lead and a medium supply manifold with a feed pipe with vertical pressure pipes placed in it, while on the vertical sections of the pressure pipes and on the vertical pressure pipes of the supply pipe, shelves are installed along the horizontal slope to the horizontal with perimetric horizontal plugged end ends connected to them, connected with one of the pressure pipelines and nozzles of the hydraulic ripper, and the hydraulic accumulator is connected to the feed pipe and to the collector of the medium, the force Hydraulic ripper threads are made with nipples, and the air supply pipe is connected to the slurry line. The inlet pipe at the slurry duct can be equipped with a gate with a drive. The hydraulic accumulator can be made with a multiplier pump with a plunger and a piston placed in hydraulic cylinders, respectively connected with the supply pipe and the pressure tank or pipe through the check valve, and a reversing pressure distributor, while a vibrator is installed between the piston and the plunger, and on the supply pipe an additional shut-off valve with actuator is located. The hydraulic accumulator can be made with a piston composed of the upper and lower parts, the cavity between which is connected to the supply pipe, through a non-return valve, a low pressure hydraulic cylinder with a cover, a vibrator, the lower end of which is mounted on the upper part of the piston, and the upper end interacts with the wedge gate installed between the vibrator and the cover of the low-pressure cylinder and equipped with a hydraulic actuator.

 In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of the proposed device; in FIG. 2 is a longitudinal section of a device in which the inlet pipe of the slurry line is equipped with a controlled shutter; in FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section through a hydraulic accumulator in the form of a multiplier; FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section through a vibrator with a reversing pressure distributor; in FIG. 5 is a longitudinal section of a hydraulic accumulator with a vibrator; in FIG. 6 is a longitudinal section of a nozzle with a nipple.

 A device for cleaning drainage wells and pipelines, located in the drainage well 1, includes a slurry line 2 with an inlet pipe 3, a pan 4 with an axial conical protrusion 5 and a stiffening rib 6, a pressure pipe 7 for supplying a medium for supplying water with open valve 8 and compressed air when the valve 9 is open, pipe 10 with valve 11, designed for additional washing of the slurry duct 2, a reservoir 12 with an air inlet channel and a lid 13, rigidly connected to the upper part of the slurry duct 2, in which the outlet a new pipe of the slurry line 2, a slurry discharge pipe 14 inclined to the horizontal plane, transporting the slurry from the drainage well 1 and the reservoir 12 outside the production area. In the process of accumulation of waste in the drainage well 1, entering it together with water, a certain level 15 of sludge and an upper level 16 of the water protruding from the sludge are established. The multi-tier shelves 17 inclined to the horizontal plane at an angle of self-slip of the sludge settling medium are fixed on the vertical sections 18 of additional pressure pipelines 19 and 20, which are plugged from the bottom. Each shelf 17 is equipped with a closed horizontally located pipe 21, the cavity of which is in communication with one of the pressure pipelines and with hydraulic rippers 22 and 23, the nozzles of which have nipples (Fig. 6), evenly spaced around the perimeter of the shelves, designed for loosening and washing sediment from the shelves. A multi-tier washing and loosening device 17 and 20, 21 and 22 is placed in a vertical section 18 of the pipeline 7 on supports 24, mounted on the inner wall of the pipe 18. Nipples lock the nozzles during accumulation of sludge and open them when the pressure of the working medium (agent: water and air). Nozzles with nipples are horizontal or inclined stubs sealed from the ends with nipples, connected to one of the pressure pipelines. The sludge plug fills the internal cavity 25 of the pipe 18 to level 15 as well as in the drainage well 1 and in the cavity 26 of the slurry conduit 2. The upper ends of the controlled pressure pipelines 19 are connected by hydraulic lines 27 to the distributing spool device 28 to which the working agent (water and air) is connected through the pressure pipe 29, and the upper ends of the vertical pipelines 20 are constantly open and are above the level 15 of the sludge inside the cavity 25 of the pipe 18. The cavity 30 above the level of the upper ends of the pipelines 20 of the pipe 7 is filled with a working agent (water ), supplied through the pressure head pipeline 31 through the open valve 8, and the air is supplied through the pressure pipe (line) 32 through the valve 9. Additionally, to create periodic oscillations to the sludge (plug) located in the cavity 25 to level 15, and to the pipe walls 18 and for pushing the sludge into the cavity 26, as well as for liquefying it with the open controlled valve 33 installed on the outlet pipe of the slurry line 2 and placed in the tank 12, the cavity 30 of the pipe 7 is communicated through a controlled shut-off valve (valve) 34 with hydraulic a battery 35, equipped with a multiplier and a vibrator, fed by a working agent (for example, compressed air) supplied through a pressure (main) pipe 32 with an open controlled valve (valve) 36 and closed valves 8 and 9. The battery 35 is also communicated through a non-return valve with pressure pipe 31 and has a drain operated and safety valves. The volume of the cavity 30, accumulating increased pressure, can be supplemented by the volumes of receivers that communicate with it. The discharge pipe 14 has a channel 37, designed to transfer the pulp from the transshipment tank 12 outside of production. The bell 38 of the inlet pipe 3 of the slurry conduit 2 together with the conical protrusion 5 serves to form a suction pulp gap from the drainage well 1.

 As a variant of the proposed device, the inlet stub 3 of the slurry duct 2 is additionally equipped with a controlled shutter 39, which is a multiplier piston located inside the working cylinder 40 with a channel 41 closed from below by a flange with a channel 42 sealed to it. The shutter 39 is spring-loaded from below by a spring 43. Cylinder 40 attached coaxially to the slurry conduit 2 using an arm 44 and rods 45. Controlled pipelines 46 are made to the gate channels 41 and 42 using a spool distributor 28 to which a pressure pipe is connected pipelines 29. The upper controlled shut-off valve 33, on the lower edge of which a sheath 47 of elastic material is placed, which seals the outlet pipe of the slurry duct 2, is a piston of the remote control and is placed inside the cylinder 48, rigidly connected to the flange 49, welded to the slurry duct 2, using guides 50 of the piston 33. The pipe 51 and channel 52 are designed to open the valve 33, and the pipe 53 and channel 45 for closing it using the spool valve 28, fed by the pressure pipe 29.

 The pressure accumulator 35 comprises a multiplier pump with a cylinder 55, in which a piston 56 and a plunger 57 are placed, a floating piston 58 is placed above the piston 56 on a working agent in a cavity 59 connected to a pressure pipe 60, the pressure of which is recorded by a pressure gauge 61 and is closed by a check valve 62. The piston 56 and the piston 58 are, respectively, the lower and upper parts of the composite piston with a cavity.

 The pipeline 60 is placed in the outer channel 63, made in the upper part of the vibrator 64, the longitudinal channel 65 and the horizontal channel 66, in which the pipe 60 is hermetically connected to the channel 67 of the floating piston 58. The vibrator 64 is installed with its lower end on the floating piston 58, which in the original the state is pressed by a screw stop 68, passed in the wedge cover 69, rigidly fastened to the cylinder 55 by means of a cage 70, in the side wall of which there are made through longitudinal windows 71 for the wedge closure 72 with a through groove under which the wine passed through commodity stop 68. The yoke 70 includes, in addition to the cylinder 55, pistons 56 and 58, a vibrator 64, a partially wedge closure 72 located between the wedge cover 69 and the upper end of the vibrator 64. The working agent (compressed air) is brought into the vibrator 64 through a pipe 73, the pressure in which is fixed by the manometer 74 and is shut off if it is turned off from the operating mode by the valve 75. The working agent supplying the vibrator 64 comes from the pressure line 76 — with the valve 77 closed and 75 open. The bracket 78 is rigidly attached to the side wall of the casing 70, which zak a multiplier 79 with channels 80 and 81, inside which a pair of piston 82 and a plunger 83 are placed, rigidly interconnected with the wedge gate 72. the through channel 84, made in the side walls of the cylinder 55 and the holder 70, is connected by a pipeline to the line 76 through a valve 85, channel 81 of multiplier 79 and a drain valve 86. Line 87 feeds the multiplier 79 through valve 86 with a working agent (water) supplied through channel 80 to a piston 82 connected to plunger 83 and wedge gate 72, has a drain valve 89 connected through a valve 90 and reverse 62 with the cavity 59 and the channel 91 in the flange 92, rigidly connected through the seal 93 to the conduit 7 and 18, wherein the formed sludge (stopper) 25, with cavities 30 of the pipeline 7 and 94 of the multiplier 55.

 Vibrator 64 of different pulse oscillations (Fig. 4) contains a housing 95 with exhaust channels 96 and 97 extending into a longitudinal external groove 98, with a longitudinal external channel 65, a lower base 99 with a horizontal external channel 66 facing the floating piston 58, a cover 100 with a guide protrusion 101, an external toroidal channel 63, a recess 102 under the head of the screw stop 68, a channel 103, the entrance of which for the working agent is directed towards the channel 63, and the exit from it is located on the side surface of the protrusion 101 of the cover 100, reversing the distribution a pressure divider in the form of a piston 104 with annular grooves 105, 106, of which the first is connected to the channel 103 and the cavity below the piston channel 107, and the second to the cavity above the piston channel 108. The housing 95 is sealed at the ends by gaskets 109 made of fused copper and rigidly fastened with base 99 and cover 100.

 In the case of using a pressure accumulator 35 to eliminate the plug 25 during the hydrotransport of coal or other material through the pipeline, when the plug filters the working agent (water) through itself, it is possible to use a removable impermeable plug that is sent into the pipeline cavity during transportation.

 A variant of the proposed pressure accumulator (FIGS. 3 and 4) is shown in FIG. 5, in which the hydraulic cylinders low 55 and high 110 pressures are rigidly connected to each other by a casing body 70 and flanges 111 and 112, and between the piston 56 and plunger 57 there is a vibrator 64 with a reversing pressure distributor 104 (Fig. 4), which can be rigidly connected with a plunger 57 and a piston 56 or may be free from such connections. The low pressure cylinder 55 through channel 67 is connected by a pipe 60 through a non-return valve 62 and a shut-off controlled valve 75 with a pressure pipe 31 and is equipped with a hydraulic discharge pipe 113, a valve 89 and a capacity of 114.

 The nozzle of the hydraulic ripper with a nipple (Fig. 6) contains a pipe 115 with radial windows 116, a nipple 117 from a rubber tube, a stopper 118 of the nipple; the casing of the nipple 119, ending with a slotted bell 120, forming an annular channel 121 with the end face of the pipe 115, the pipe 115 has an axial channel 122.

 The drainage well 1 serves as a collector for collecting industrial waste and a collector for supplying medium (water, air) with a supply pipe 7 with vertical pressure pipes located in it, while the vertical sections of the pressure pipes and the vertical pressure pipes of the supply pipe are installed along the length with a horizontal inclination (horizontal plane) shelves with horizontal cutoffs muffled from the ends located on them around the perimeter, connected to one of the pressure pipelines and to the hydraulic nozzles It has nipples that lock them until the supply of the working agent, as noted above.

 The device operates as follows.

 In the case when in the drainage well 1 there is a solution of production waste up to level 16 without formation of sludge (plugs) up to level 15, the main water is supplied through pipeline 7 with open valve 8 and compressed air with open valve 9. Aerated water enters the lower zone of the slurry duct 2 and carries away the waste solution coming from the well 1 through the pipe 3 with the pipe 38 into the slurry line 2 to its upper outlet pipe into the tank 12, covered with a lid 13 from above, from which the solution flows by gravity beyond the production limits along to the horizontal plane line 14 (FIG. 1). At the bottom of the well 1, a pallet 4 with a protruding cone 5 is placed to form a directional gap along which the waste solution enters the lower part of the slurry duct 2. The inclined side walls of the pallet 4 are reinforced with a stiffener 6. In the upper part of the slurry 2 there is a spare pipe 10 with a valve 11 for flushing the cavity of the pulp duct 2.

 The device (Fig. 1) successfully works when in block 1 is a solution of waste. But in the practice of production, in particular at the TPP, in the well 1, the accumulation of waste lasts for a certain period of time of the order of 15-30 days, during which the compacted layer of waste manages to accumulate to level 15 and the upper level 16 of the water protruding from the sludge is established, since the waste enters the well as a suspension in water. The level of sludge 15 due to the connectivity of the vessels is set the same in the slurry conduit 2 and the cleaned vertical part 18 of the pipeline 7. The drainage well 1 is actually a large-diameter pipeline with a plugged bottom. The compacted sludge with an upper level of 15 in well 1, slurry line 2 and pipe 7 clogs a live section, in fact it is a plug, the removal of which becomes a problematic flow of water and air from the main pressure pipe with standard pressure with open valves 8 and 9 (Fig. 1). Under the influence of the weight of the sludge, an acting force arises on the side walls of the well 1, pipelines 2 and 7, the so-called lateral spreader, which increases as one plunges from level 15 and has a wedging effect when the tube is eroded and expelled by an external force. The task of cleaning the pipelines is solved using the proposed device as follows (Fig. 1-6).

 Shelves 17, tiered to the horizontal plane at the same angle of self-slip of the sludge settling medium, located around the perimeter of the well 1 and the cleaned vertical part 18 of the pipeline 7, attached to the outer surface of the vertical parts of the controlled pressure pipes 19 and 20, take on part of the vertical load in the wall zone, thereby reducing the amount of lateral thrust in each layer between the shelves, eliminating its jamming and facilitating loosening, collapse and erosion. Flushing of sludge starts from the bottom layer located between the pallet 4 and the first lower shelf 17, including the water pressure with air from the line 29 through the spool distribution device 28 through pipelines 19 supplying closed horizontal pipelines 21 with hydraulic rippers 22 and 23 equipped with nozzles with nipples. At the same time, a cleaned pressure pipe 7 is turned on, opening valves 8.9 from lines 31 and 32, creating pressure in the cavity 30, and from it pressure is transmitted through the open upper ends of the pipes 20 to hydraulic rippers 22 and 23, equipped with nozzles with nipples, which wash the layers of sludge from shelves 17 located in the vertical part 25 of the pipe 18 connected by couplings to the pipe 7. A multi-tier washing device in the pipe 18 is mounted therein fixedly on the supports 24. The pipelines 19 and 20 are plugged in their lower part. With this inclusion of pressure, the sludge plug 26 in the cavity of the slurry conduit 2 can exit under the action of its erosion with the open controlled valve 33 into the reservoir 12, and from it into the cavity 37 of the discharge pipe 14 and beyond the territory of the production. Then turn on the pressure in the next pipeline 19, serving the next shelf 17, and successively flush the sludge from the bottom up, flush the sludge from the bottom up, taking it out through the pipe 14. The sludge from the well 1, washed off by hydraulic rippers with nozzles, is carried away by the gap formed by the bell 38 of the pipe 3 and the conical protrusion 5 of the pallet 4, into the slurry line 2 and is carried out by a stream of aerated water coming through the pipeline 7 If the measures taken are not enough to remove the plugs 25 and 26, and in the well 1, then the effects pressure accumulator 35, the limit for generating tubes 7, 18 and 2, the pressure of displacement stoppers simulcast displacing hydraulic shock pulses at their ends. With this effect, water will penetrate into the gap between the plug and the pipe wall, reducing the friction force and ultimately leading to the removal of plugs. In addition, it is known that intense dynamic effects on sludge lead to their dilution. The pressure accumulator 35 is driven by a working agent supplied to it via line 32 with open valves 36 and 34 and closed valves 8 and 9. After vibration exposure, the controlled shut-off valves 34 and 36 are closed, and valves 8 and 9 are opened, putting pressure from lines 31 and 32. Alternating the effects of displacing hydraulic impulses and pressures from lines 31 and 32 is performed until the plugs 25 and 26 are removed from the cleaned pipe 18 and the slurry line 2. After their removal, the output of the slurry line 2 is closed by valve 33 and proceed to The transmission of the vibrational displacement effect and pressure from the lines 31 and 32 to the plug (sludge) in the drainage well 1, and in between, the pressure is fed through the hydraulic lines 27 to the shelves 17 in the well 1. Such a complex effect ultimately leads to liquefaction of sludge in the well 1 that will be seen by sparging air through a layer of a liquid solution obtained from the plug to level 15. After that, the valve 33 is opened and the solution is removed from the well 1 as described in FIG. 1. The container (well) freed from production wastes 1 is gradually filled to the upper edge with the next portion and the described cycle of their removal is repeated.

 Thus, the control of the valve 33, flushing multi-tiered device 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27 and 28 and the pressure accumulator 35 (Fig. 1) allows you to reliably remove plugs from pipelines.

 The valve 33 is controlled by means of a spool distribution device 28, into which water pressure is supplied via line 29. For example, pressure is discharged above the piston 33 through channel 54 and pipe 53 and pressure is supplied to cylinder 48, which is rigidly attached to the upper part of the slurry line 2 using rods 50, rigidly connecting the flange 49, attached to the slurry line 2, and the cylinder 48 itself, through the channel 52 by the working agent through the pipe 51. A piston (valve) 33, sealing the upper outlet pipe of the slurry line 2 with a seal 47 made of elastic material, fixed at its lower part, along the guide hose 50 is slid filed pressure to the upper end position freeing the top edge of slurry pipeline 2 for spout solution (a slurry with water) in the tank 12, and from it via conduit 14 outside the manufacturing site. If, if necessary, close valve 33, then open the discharge of pressure under the piston (valve) 33 through the channel 52 and pipe 51 and open the pressure using the distributing spool device 28 through the pipe 53 and channel 54 to the upper edge of the piston (valve) 33, under the action of which it will slide down the rails 50 and seal with the gasket (seal) 47 of the upper outlet pipe of the slurry duct 2.

 As an option, facilitating the removal of plugs from the slurry duct 2 and the vertical part 18 and the pipe 7, the proposed device shown in FIG. 2. If the inlet pipe 3 of the slurry duct 2 is equipped with a hermetic shutter that closes it at the end of the waste removal operation from well 1, then during their accumulation there will be no communication between the cavities 25 and 26 of the slurry duct 2 and pipe 18 with the well 1. As a result, only the sludge will be formed in the well 1, which will greatly facilitate the operation of liquefying it using a vibrator assembly (pressure accumulator 35) and subsequent removal using a multi-tier washing device 17, 19, 22, 23, 28, 29 and supplying water pressure with air through pipelines 7, 18 from highways 31 and 32. The shutter 39 in the upper part is equipped with a seal 47, a sealing bell 38 of the inlet pipe 3, which is hermetically fixed in the lower part of the slurry duct 2. When pressure is supplied from the distributing spool device 28 via a pipeline 46 to the channel 42 into the piston cavity of the shutter 39 with an open discharge of pressure through channel 41 it rises up and closes the lower edge of the slurry line 2. After this, well 1 is in the mode of accumulation of waste. When it is filled with sludge, the shutter 39 is opened. For this, the head is discharged through channel 42, the pipe 46 to the spool device 28 and the head is turned on through the channel 41, lowering the shutter to its lowest position with the formation of a conical protrusion in the pallet 4. At the same time include washing the sludge layer between the pallet and the first lower shelf 17, as well as a pressure accumulator (vibrator assembly) 35 with the valve 33 closed. The washing of the sludge is continued alternately from each shelf from the bottom up with the vibrator assembly 35 operating. Then, the vibrator of the node is stopped by shutting off the corresponding valves 34 and 36, and turn on the pressure of the water-air mixture with open valves 8 and 9 from the lines 31 and 32, feeding it into the cavity of the pipe 7. Since valve 33 is closed, the supplied pressure of aerated water when diluting the sludge will cause bubbling (bubbling of air through the solution, which is a signal to open the valve 33, after which the removal of waste from the well 1 begins, as described above. The cylinder 40 of the multiplier is centered along the axis of the slurry line 2 using the bracket 44 and the associated rods 45. After removing waste from the well 1, the inlet pipe 3 of the slurry line 2 is closed by a shutter 39, supplying pressure through the channel 42 and opening the drain through the channel 41. The spring 43 duplicates the pressure force, since the removal of waste from well 1 can be considered short-term in comparison with the period of their accumulation. Further operations are repeated. Thus, equipping the bottom edge of the slurry duct 2 with a shutter 39 avoids the formation of sludge in the slurry duct 2 and the pipe 18 and as a result facilitate its removal from the well 1. There is no such shutter in the known device. In addition to this advantage, there is no need to place a multi-tiered washing device inside the cavity of the pipe 18.

до

T до

T величина импульса начнет расти в противоположном направлении от точки равновесия, а величина зазора должна бы составить а_min1, от

T до Т величина импульса начнет уменьшаться до 0. Поскольку после

величина зазора а_max выбрана клиновым затвором, то от 1

T до Т изменение импульса будет воспринимать жесткая система, составленная из цилиндра 55 и обоймы 70 с продольными окнами 71, клиновой крышки 69. Указанная жесткая система воспринимает нагрузку от сжатой жидкости в полостях 30, 94 через плунжер 57, поршень 56, жидкость в емкости 59, плавающий поршень 58, корпус вибратора 64, клиновой затвор 72 и чем она жестче, тем меньше амплитуда, развиваемая ею, величину которой можно положить равной 0 по сравнению с величиной а_max. За время от Т до 1

T корпус вибратора снова совершит движение вниз на некоторую максимальную величину, появится зазор между клиновым затвором 72 и корпусом вибратора 64, который также будет незамедлительно выбран клиновым затвором. От времени 1

T до 2Т нагрузку возмет на себя указанная жесткая система и так далее. Таким образом, за счет вибратора 64 разноимпульсных колебаний и клинового затвоар 72 периодически производят закачку жидкости под давлением в полость 30, превышающим штатное, которое будет действовать на пробку 25 с вытесняющим усилием, а также на внедрение рабочего агента в периодически появляющийся зазор между упруго деформирующимися стенками трубы 18 и пробкой 25, снижая силу трения в месте их контакта. Движение жидкости в одну сторону под действием вибратора и клинового затвора вызывает в конце концов смещение пробки 25 в ту же сторону, а также ее разжижение под действием динамической нагрузки. Как только начнется плавное движение корпуса вибратора 64 вниз, то вентили 75,85 и 88 закрывают, а вентиль 90 открывают, сообщая полость 30 с магистралью 87, по которой подается штатное давление рабочего агента. Если пробка 25 начнет двигаться под действием этого давления, то цель достигнута. Если же этого давления еще недостаточно, то производят подъем поршней 56, 57 в крайнее верхнее положение, подавая давление (напор) на поршень 82 по каналу 81 и на поршень 56 по каналу 84 от магистрали 76, открывая вентили 85 и 89, закрывая вентили 86 и 88. В результате этих операций поршни 56, 58, плунжер 57 вместе с заполненной емкостью 59 и вибратором 64 поднимутся в крайнее верхнее положение до винтового упора 68, клиновой затвор сдвинется в крайнее левое положение, соприкасаясь вибратора 64 и клиновой крышки 69, а полость 94 заполнится рабочим агентом под напором, подаваемым от магистрали 87. Теперь далее поступают также, как было описано при начальном запуске аккумулятора давления (вибраторного узла) 35. Включение аккумулятора давления (вибраторного узла) в работу и промывку от магистрали 87 чередуют до тех пор, пока не начнется надежное вытеснение пробки 25, а затем включают напор от магистрали 76, перекрывая вентили 75 и 85, открывая 77. В случае надобности измерения давлений в емкости 59 или в вибраторе 64 пользуются манометрами 61 и 74. Давление в емкость 59 подают по трубопроводу 60, проложенному в наружном тороидальном канале 63, а затем в наружном продольном канале 65 и в горизонтальном канале 66, герметично связанному с каналом 67 плавающего поршня 58. Высота клинового затвора 72, заходящего постепенно в продольные окна 71 обоймы 70 между вибратором 64 и клиновой крышкой 69, равна величине свободного хода поршня 56 в крайнее нижнее положение. Мультипликатор 79 жестко крепится к кронштейну 78, закрепленному к обойме 70. Фланец 92 с каналом 91 жестко через отожженную медную прокладку 93 соединяется с фланцем трубы 18 или трубы 7. По каналу 91 передается напор в полость 30 трубы 7, когда это требуется при удалении пробки 25 или подъеме поршня 56, плунжера 57. Продольный разрез вибратора 64 представлен на фиг. 4. Поясним, что за счет чего появляется разноимпульсность колебаний корпуса 95, жестко связанного через прокладки 109 из отожженной меди с основанием 99 и крышкой 100 с цилиндрическим выступом 101. Сферическое углубление 102 выполнено в крышке 100 под головку винтового упора 68. Рабочий агент (сжатый воздух) поступает по трубопроводу 73 в канал 103 и далее в кольцевую канавку 105 реверсирующего распределителя давления (поршня) 104 и канал 107 в подпоршневую полость. Давление рабочего агента передается на основание 99 и на реверсирующий распределитель давления (поршень) 104. Поршень 104 начнет двигаться вверх и будет разгоняться до открытия выхлопного канала 96, а основание 99 в это время будет двигаться вниз, сила давления будет определяться внутренней площадью основания, на которую распределяется давление рабочего агента. Сила давления, передаваемая основанию 99 и связанному с ним корпусу 95 вибратора с крышкой 100, будет передаваться плавающему поршню 58, а от него на жидкость в полости 30 трубы 7. После выхлопа по каналу 96 поршень 104 продолжает двигаться вверх, получая дополнительную реактивную силу струи по каналу 107, и появляется момент, когда кольцевой канал 106 поршня 104 получает связь с каналом 103. По инерции поршень 104 продолжает двигаться вверх, перекрывает выхлопной канал 97 и начинает тормозить свою скорость до нуля, а затем начинается движение поршня вниз и давление рабочего агента по каналу 108 распределяется на внутреннюю кольцевую площадь крышки 100, которая меньше внутренней площади основания 99. Поэтому сила давления, приложенная к крышке корпуса вверх, меньше силы давления, приложенной к основанию корпуса 99 и направленной вниз. Масса вибратора 64 постоянна, но скорость его движения вниз больше скорости движения вверх из-за разной величины силы давления. Больший импульс приходится на жидкость в полости 30 трубы 7, т.е. на пробку 25, а меньший - на жесткую систему 69, 70, 55 и 18. Ударные импульсы на пробку 25 передаются периодически через каждые 3/4Т колебания реверсирующего распределителя давления (поршня) 104. Масса поршня 104 играет роль клапана в виде реверсирующего распределителя давления, чем легче масса поршня, тем больше частота колебаний и меньше их амплитуда. При движении поршня 104 вниз он ускоряется равномерно пока не откроет выхлопной канал 97, затем ускоряется за счет реактивной силы струи рабочего агента, выбрасываемой по каналу 108 до тех пор, когда кольцевой канал 105 поршня 104 не откроется на канал 103, после чего начинается его торможение, которое окончательно происходит при движении поршня на участке между верхним краем основания 99 и нижним выхлопным каналом 96, а далее все операции с поршнем и корпусом вибратора 64 повторяются. Продольный наружный канал 98 выполнен для удобства выхлопа при опускании корпуса вибратора вниз, внутри цилиндра 55, когда пробка 25 начнет выталкиваться из трубы 18.Consider the principle of operation of the hydraulic pressure accumulator (vibrator assembly) 35 (Fig. 2). The cylinder 55 of the multiplier is rigidly connected to the flange of the pipe 18 or pipe 7, which actually connects the volumes of their cavities 30 and 94. A plunger 57 of a smaller diameter enters the cavity 94 of the multiplier, and a piston 56 of a larger diameter is placed in the cylinder 55. A certain volume of water is poured onto the piston 56 59, designed to transmit uniform pressure by a floating piston 58, on which a vibrator 64 of different-pulse vibrations is mounted. In the initial state, the vibrator 64 is pressed against the floating piston 58 by a screw stop 68 with the check valve 62 closed according to a predetermined amount of static pressure in the cavity 30 registered by the pressure gauge 61. A wedge shutter 72 is placed between the vibrator 64 and the wedge cover 69, inside of which there is a through groove under the screw emphasis 68. In the initial state, the wedge closure 72 is in contact with the surfaces of the upper end of the vibrator and the wedge cover, without violating the specified pressure on the pressure gauge 61. The pressure on the piston 82 is fed through the channel 8% of the multiplier 79 about line 87 through open valve 88. The plunger 83 is rigidly connected to the piston 82 and wedge bolt 72. When applying pressure on the piston 82 a channel 81 is open to drain during the open valve 86. The valves 77, 85, 89 and 90 are closed. We open the valve 75, compressed air from the line 76 enters the vibrator 64 through the pipe 73, creating the first larger impulse directed downward, increasing the pressure in the cavity 59 and therefore in the cavity 94 and 30, elastically expanding the walls of the pipe 18, not exceeding the specified value of the safety factor controlled by a safety valve. Since the sludge plug 25J does not elastically expand in the radial direction, water under pressure will begin to penetrate into the formed gap between the pipe and the plug to a certain depth. The vibrator 64 will fall down during the first pulse in the first half-cycle, which will lead to a gap between the wedge cover 69 and the housing of the vibrator 64. This gap will be immediately selected by the wedge gate 72 under the action of constant pressure applied to the piston 82. The gap reaches the maximum value a _max in a quarter of the period T, after which the value of the pulse developed by the vibrator will begin to decrease to 0 at T / 2, and then from

before

T to

T the momentum value will begin to grow in the opposite direction from the equilibrium point, and the gap value should be a _min 1, from

T to T, the momentum starts to decrease to 0. Since after

the value of the gap and _max selected wedge shutter, then from 1

T to T, a rigid system composed of a cylinder 55 and a holder 70 with longitudinal windows 71, a wedge cover 69 will perceive the change in momentum. This rigid system accepts the load from the compressed fluid in the cavities 30, 94 through the plunger 57, the piston 56, the fluid in the reservoir 59 , a floating piston 58, a vibrator housing 64, a wedge gate 72 and the stiffer it is, the smaller the amplitude developed by it, the value of which can be set equal to 0 compared with the value of a _max . From T to 1

T, the vibrator body will again move downward by a certain maximum value, a gap will appear between the wedge gate 72 and the vibrator body 64, which will also be immediately selected by the wedge gate. From time 1

T up to 2T load will be borne by the specified rigid system and so on. Thus, due to the vibrator 64 of different pulse oscillations and the wedge gate 72, the liquid is periodically injected under pressure into the cavity 30, which exceeds the standard pressure, which will act on the plug 25 with a displacing force, as well as on the introduction of the working agent into the periodically appearing gap between the elastically deformed walls pipe 18 and plug 25, reducing the friction force at the point of contact. The movement of the liquid in one direction under the action of the vibrator and the wedge gate finally causes the displacement of the plug 25 in the same direction, as well as its dilution under the action of dynamic loading. As soon as the smooth movement of the vibrator casing 64 begins, the valves 75.85 and 88 are closed, and the valve 90 is opened, communicating the cavity 30 with the highway 87, through which the operating pressure of the working agent is supplied. If the plug 25 begins to move under the influence of this pressure, then the goal is achieved. If this pressure is still not enough, then the pistons 56, 57 are raised to their highest position, applying pressure (pressure) to the piston 82 through channel 81 and to the piston 56 through channel 84 from line 76, opening valves 85 and 89, closing valves 86 and 88. As a result of these operations, the pistons 56, 58, the plunger 57 together with the filled tank 59 and the vibrator 64 will rise to their highest position to the screw stop 68, the wedge gate will slide to the extreme left position, touching the vibrator 64 and the wedge cover 69, and the cavity 94 filled with a working agent under pressure supplied from the line 87. Now, they proceed as described at the initial start-up of the pressure accumulator (vibrator unit) 35. The pressure accumulator (vibrator unit) is switched on and flushing from the line 87 is alternated until a reliable plug displacement begins 25, and then turn on the pressure from line 76, shutting off valves 75 and 85, opening 77. If it is necessary to measure the pressure in the tank 59 or in the vibrator 64, pressure gauges 61 and 74 are used. The pressure in the tank 59 is supplied through a pipe 60 laid in the outer the roidal channel 63, and then in the outer longitudinal channel 65 and in the horizontal channel 66, hermetically connected to the channel 67 of the floating piston 58. The height of the wedge shutter 72, which gradually enters the longitudinal windows 71 of the cage 70 between the vibrator 64 and the wedge cover 69, is equal to the free the stroke of the piston 56 to its lowest position. The multiplier 79 is rigidly attached to the bracket 78, fixed to the yoke 70. The flange 92 with the channel 91 is rigidly connected through the annealed copper gasket 93 to the flange of the pipe 18 or pipe 7. The channel 91 transfers pressure to the cavity 30 of the pipe 7, when it is required when removing the plug 25 or lifting the piston 56, the plunger 57. A longitudinal section of the vibrator 64 is shown in FIG. 4. We explain that due to what there is a different pulse of vibrations of the housing 95, rigidly connected through gaskets 109 of annealed copper with a base 99 and a cover 100 with a cylindrical protrusion 101. The spherical recess 102 is made in the cover 100 under the head of the screw stop 68. Working agent (compressed air) enters through a pipe 73 into a channel 103 and then into an annular groove 105 of a reversing pressure distributor (piston) 104 and a channel 107 into a piston cavity. The pressure of the working agent is transmitted to the base 99 and to the reversing pressure distributor (piston) 104. The piston 104 will begin to move up and accelerate until the exhaust channel 96 opens, and the base 99 will then move down, the pressure force will be determined by the internal area of the base, on which the pressure of the working agent is distributed. The pressure force transmitted to the base 99 and the associated body 95 of the vibrator with the cover 100 will be transmitted to the floating piston 58, and from it to the liquid in the cavity 30 of the pipe 7. After exhaust through the channel 96, the piston 104 continues to move upward, receiving additional jet reactive force along the channel 107, and there is a moment when the annular channel 106 of the piston 104 receives communication with the channel 103. By inertia, the piston 104 continues to move upward, closes the exhaust channel 97 and starts to slow down to zero, and then the piston moves down and phenomenon working fluid channel 108 is allocated to an annular inner area of the lid 100, which is less than the inner area of the base 99. Therefore, the pressure force applied to the cover body upward, less pressure force applied to the base body 99 and directed downwards. The mass of the vibrator 64 is constant, but the speed of its downward movement is greater than the speed of its upward movement due to different pressure forces. A greater momentum falls on the liquid in the cavity 30 of the pipe 7, i.e. to the plug 25, and the smaller one to the rigid system 69, 70, 55 and 18. Impact pulses to the plug 25 are transmitted periodically every 3 / 4T oscillations of the reversing pressure distributor (piston) 104. The mass of the piston 104 acts as a valve in the form of a reversing pressure distributor the lighter the mass of the piston, the greater the frequency of oscillations and the smaller their amplitude. When the piston 104 moves down, it accelerates uniformly until it opens the exhaust channel 97, then it accelerates due to the reactive force of the working agent jet ejected along the channel 108 until the annular channel 105 of the piston 104 opens on the channel 103, after which its braking begins , which finally occurs when the piston moves in the area between the upper edge of the base 99 and the lower exhaust channel 96, and then all operations with the piston and the vibrator body 64 are repeated. The longitudinal outer channel 98 is made for the convenience of exhaust when lowering the vibrator body down inside the cylinder 55 when the plug 25 starts to be pushed out of the pipe 18.

 The described pressure accumulator 35 (vibrator assembly) (Figs. 3, 4) can be used not only when removing waste plugs from pipes, but also when they arise, when transporting gas (hydrate plugs), coal, oil, and so on through pipes. If the plug 25 filters the working agent through itself, then in addition to the proposed use of a removable impermeable plug is recommended, which will transmit the pressure force to the cross section of the plug 25.

 The vibrator 64 will play the same role in pushing the plug 25 if it is equipulse, but with less efficiency, since the amplitude of the displacement of the plunger 57 down for 1 / 4T will be less - with the same design parameters.

 A variant of the proposed pressure accumulator (vibrator assembly) 35 operates as follows (Fig. 5).

T до 2 Т не произойдет, так как обратный клапан 62 играет роль гидравлического затвора, заменяющего клиновой. Таким образом, при работающем вибраторе 64 аккуму- лятор давления помимо того, что он создает повышеное давление Р в очищаемом трубопроводе 7, совершает амплитуды колебаний давления, одновременно работает как гидронасос. На пробку 25 оказывается тройное воздействие: разжижение при колебаниях, выталкивание, проникновение воды в колеблющийся зазор между стенками трубопровода 18 и пробкой 25, что снижает ее трение. Такое комплексное воздействие на пробку не оказывает ни одно известное устройство. После того как плунжер 57 опустится в крайнее нижнее положение и его необходимо поднять в исходное верхнее положение, то вентили 36, 75 перекрывают, а вентили 8 и 89 открывают и подают напор в гидроцилиндр 110 от магистрали 31, поднимая систему 57, 64, 56, в крайнее верхнее положение. Затем вентили 8 и 89 перекрывают, а вентиль 75 открывают, создавая в трубопроводе давление Р, после чего включают в работу вибратор 64, открывая вентиль 36 и операции повторяются до тех пор, пока пробка 25 не выйдет за пределы пульповода 2.Since in this embodiment the floating piston 58 from the previous version (Fig. 3) of the pressure accumulator with channel 67 and cavity 59 passes into the low-pressure hydraulic cylinder 55, in which the piston 58 becomes like the bottom of this cylinder, and the piston 56 passes into this hydraulic cylinder (Fig. 5) from the previous cylinder (Fig. 3), then the vibrator 64 must be installed between the plunger 57 and the piston 56 in order to establish their interaction during vibration. Hydraulic cylinders of low 55 and high 110 pressures are rigidly connected to each other by means of a casing 70 fastening them and a flange 111, 112. A longitudinal through groove 71 is made in the wall of the casing 70 along a length equal to the stroke of the plunger 57, inside of which the pipeline 73 translates downward together with the vibrator 64 and plunger 57. When the valve 34 is open 8 is closed, the vibrator 64 is turned on (Fig. 4), supplying the working agent from the pressure line 32 by opening the valve (valve) 36. Under the influence of the pulse, the vibrator body 64 will move in the first quarter of period Т downward, transmitting additional pressure to the plunger 57 and creating an additional pressure amplitude in the pipeline 7. Following the vibrator body 64, the piston 56 will move downward under the normal pressure of water coming from the pressure line 31 through the pipeline 60 with the valve 75 open, closed 89 through non-return valve 62 through channel 67 to hydraulic cylinder 55. The next 3 / 4T compressed working agent in pipeline 7 will expand, but will not move upward, since water that has entered the hydraulic cylinder 55 will not be able to return, this is prevented by valve 62, neglecting the compressibility of water. During time from T to 11 and T, an impulse appears again, moving the system 57, 64, 56 downward, sucking water into cylinder 55, but the reverse movement from 1

T to 2 T will not occur, since the check valve 62 acts as a hydraulic shutter, replacing the wedge. Thus, when the vibrator 64 is operating, the pressure accumulator, in addition to creating an increased pressure P in the pipe 7 being cleaned, performs amplitudes of pressure fluctuations, and at the same time acts as a hydraulic pump. On the plug 25 is a threefold effect: liquefaction during oscillations, pushing out, the penetration of water into the oscillating gap between the walls of the pipe 18 and the plug 25, which reduces its friction. Such a complex effect on the cork does not have any known device. After the plunger 57 drops to its lowest position and needs to be raised to its original upper position, the valves 36, 75 are closed, and the valves 8 and 89 are opened and feed the pressure into the hydraulic cylinder 110 from line 31, raising the system 57, 64, 56, to the highest position. Then the valves 8 and 89 are closed, and the valve 75 is opened, creating a pressure P in the pipeline, after which the vibrator 64 is turned on, opening the valve 36 and the operations are repeated until the plug 25 extends beyond the slurry line 2.

 A nozzle with a nipple (Fig. 6), which is a horizontal or inclined to the surface of the shelf, muffled by a nipple from one, and from the other end connected to one of the discharge pressure pipelines. At the free end, each layer is connected to the nozzle - a slotted mouth of the hydraulic cultivator. The left end of the nozzle 115 of the discharge of the hydraulic ripper 22, 23 is connected to the pressure pipes 19, 20 and 21. The working agent (water and air) flows under pressure into the axial channel 122 of the nozzle 115 on the left, then enters the radial channels 116 of the nozzle 115, creating pressure on the free part of the nipple 117, the left edge of which is secured by a stopper 118. The nipple is protected by a casing 119 attached to the left end of the pipe 115. The right edge of the casing 119 is hermetically connected to the slotted bell 120, which is actually the nozzle of the hydraulic ripper. The free edge of the nipple 117 under the pressure of the working agent expands in diameter into the cavity between the nipple and the casing, freeing it a passage into the annular channel 121 and then into the slotted socket 120 to flush the sludge from the shelves 17. After the flush and remove the sludge from the well 1, the head is closed , the nipple 117 is deformed to its initial state (Fig. 6), blocking the annular channel 121, protecting the pipe cavity from clogging by sludge.

Claims (4)

 1. DEVICE FOR CLEANING DRAIN WELLS AND PIPELINES, containing a hydraulic ripper with nozzles to which a pressure medium supply pipe with vertical sections is connected, a slurry line with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe located in the tank, at the end of which there is a shut-off valve, a pulp discharge pipe air, characterized in that it is equipped with a hydraulic accumulator, additional pressure pipes of the medium supply with vertical sections connected to the slurry line and lecturer of the medium supply with a supply pipe with vertical pressure pipelines located in it, while on the vertical sections of the pressure pipelines and on the vertical pressure pipelines of the supply pipe, shelves are installed along the horizontal slope to the horizontal with perpendicular horizontal muffled ends from the ends connected to one from pressure pipelines and with nozzles of a hydraulic ripper, moreover, a hydraulic accumulator is connected to a feed pipe and a collector for supplying a medium, nozzles of a hydraulic looser The spruce is made with nipples, and the air supply pipe is connected to the slurry line.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet pipe of the slurry line is equipped with a shutter with a drive.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic accumulator is made with a multiplier pump with a plunger and piston located in hydraulic cylinders, respectively connected with the supply pipe and the pressure tank or pipe through the check valve, and a reversing pressure distributor, while between a vibrator is mounted by a piston and plunger, and an additional shut-off valve with an actuator is placed on the supply pipe.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic accumulator is made with a piston integral from the upper and lower parts, the cavity between which is connected to the supply pipe through a check valve, a low-pressure hydraulic cylinder with a cover, a vibrator, the lower end of which is mounted on the upper part the piston, and the upper end interacts with a wedge lock installed between the vibrator and the cover of the low-pressure cylinder and equipped with a hydraulic actuator.

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