RU2030255C1 - Method and device for machining of metals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: metal working. SUBSTANCE: method involves inserting rare-earth substance into cutter with cutting edge and flexible vibrations are excited therein by excitation voltage. Said vibrations are matched with natural vibrations of workpiece material. During and after machining, the workpiece material and the cutting tool are subjected to nondestructive inspection. EFFECT: higher efficiency and improved design. 4 c, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering and can be used to improve the processing efficiency based on vibration in resonance mode.

 A known method of processing metals based on heat treatment, when the electrodes are fed to the workpiece, impulse excitation voltage is applied to them, the part is heated and given the necessary shape.

 The known method is time-consuming, low-tech, requires significant material costs and does not use the properties of the material of the part. There is also known a method of processing metals by cutting, including placing a vibration source on the surface of the material of the product, the excitation of elastic vibrations in the material and its subsequent processing to achieve a positive effect. The known method is also time-consuming, low-tech, does not allow to use the state and properties of the material of the product to increase the processing efficiency in the resonant mode.

 The purpose of the invention is the reduction of energy intensity.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that a recess is made inside the cutter, a rare-earth substance is placed in it, electrodes are inserted into it, exciting voltage is applied to them and elastic vibrations are excited, which are consistent with the natural vibrations of the product material. The parameters of the elastic waves are controlled by changing the frequency and magnitude of the exciting voltage applied by electrodes to a rare-earth substance with giant magnetostriction. Before machining a part by cutting, elastic vibrations in the part material are excited, they are recorded, the natural frequencies of the part and cutter material are detected, and their spectra are determined.

 Before processing the material of the part by cutting, non-destructive testing of the material of the product from which the part is made is carried out. Before, during and after machining, the parts perform non-destructive testing of both the part and the cutting tool.

 The drawing shows a diagram of the implementation of the method.

 The circuit contains a blank 1, a main element 2, a coolant 3, an auxiliary element 4, a source of exciting voltage 5, a computer complex 6, electrodes 7, chips 8.

 The method is as follows. An auxiliary element 4 is placed in the cavity of the main element (cutter) 2, which is used as a rare-earth substance with giant magnetostriction, the excitation voltage is supplied to the auxiliary element 4 by electrodes 7 from the source 5, and, by changing the frequency and magnitude of the exciting voltage, elastic parameters are controlled oscillations excited in the cutter-main element 2. Elastic vibrations are excited in the main element, and their frequency is coordinated with the natural vibrations of the workpiece material and, which improves the efficiency and productivity of processing the workpiece 1 by cutting, i.e. processing the workpiece by cutting is carried out in resonance mode.

 To process the workpiece more efficiently, before processing, elastic vibrations are excited in the workpiece material and the natural frequencies of the workpiece material and the main element - the cutter are detected, their spectra are determined and non-destructive testing of the workpiece material of the main element is performed before, during and after processing.

 The advantages of the method are that the placement of an auxiliary element in the main element, which is used as a rare-earth substance, allows the excitation of elastic vibrations in the material of the workpiece and the main element in the selected frequency range, non-destructive testing of the workpiece and the main element before, during and after processing and thereby reduce the percentage of rejects and increase the productivity and efficiency of the method, process the workpiece in resonance mode and reduce the energy consumption of bah.

 A device for processing metals by cutting is known, which includes a workpiece inserted into the spindle, which is heated by electric current at the contact point of the cutter with the metal workpiece, thereby reducing the cutting force and increasing the purity of processing.

 The known device is laborious, non-technological, does not use the properties of the workpiece material and non-destructive testing of the material and the cutter by elastic vibrations.

 A device is also known that includes a workpiece inserted into the machine spindle and a cutter.

 The purpose of the invention is the expansion of functionality and increased productivity.

 For this, the device additionally contains a rare-earth substance, electrodes, an excitation voltage source connected to an information-computer complex, built into the main element-cutter.

 Before machining a part by cutting, insert it into a magnetic fluid, apply voltage to the fluid, raising it to a level at which the fluid completely hardens, and treat the part by cutting.

 The device operates as follows.

 Exciting voltage from the source 5 is applied to the electrodes 7, elastic vibrations in the cutter and the workpiece are excited, the cutter vibrations are coordinated with the natural vibrations of the workpiece material, the elastic vibrations are recorded, the spectra stored in the memory of IVK-6 are determined by a predetermined program, and non-destructive testing of the workpiece material is performed and process the workpiece 1 in resonance mode according to a predetermined program. Before processing the preform 1, it is placed in a magnetic fluid to which voltage is applied, gradually increasing its level at which the fluid in combination with the preform does not turn into a single unit, and then the preform is processed.

 The advantages of the device are that the workpiece is fastened quickly and efficiently using magnetic fluid, the presence of an auxiliary element can significantly reduce the energy intensity by reducing the cutting force when working in resonant mode.

 The use of the invention can significantly reduce energy intensity and increase productivity compared with known methods and devices that do not use elastic vibrations and magnetic fluids to secure the workpiece.

PRI me R. As a rare earth substance, intermetallic compounds RFe _{2 are used} ; SmFe ₂ ; TbFe ₂ ; DyFe ₂ ; HoFe ₂ ; ErFe ₂ ; TmFe ₂ with a particle size of 0.01-0.09 mm and, changing the exciting voltage in the range of 380-2100 V, excite elastic vibrations in the workpiece material and cutter in the range of 12-360 kHz.

 Elastic vibrations are excited in the workpiece material, slowly raising the oscillation frequency from the minimum level to the level at which the oscillation amplitude in the wave reaches its maximum value at the same signal amplification and eigenfrequencies of the tool material of the cutter are revealed. Using Fourier devices built into the information and computer complex, they determine the vibrational spectra and the propagation velocity of longitudinal and shear waves in the workpiece and cutter materials.

 Comparing the measured velocities of P, and S-waves and the spectra of these waves before, during and after processing the parts by cutting in the resonant mode, they perform non-destructive testing.

 Inserting the workpiece into the spindle, place its ends in a ferromagnetic fluid, to which a constant voltage is applied at values of 160-600 V and the voltage is slowly increased to a level at which the complete curing of the magnetic fluid occurs, together with the workpiece it forms a single whole.

 And they carry out the processing of the workpiece by cutting in resonance mode, which allows to reduce the cutting force by 20-40% and thereby reduce power consumption from 30 to 60% and increase processing productivity from 80 to 6000% depending on the material of the part, its configuration and processing accuracy .

Claims (5)

 METHOD OF METAL PROCESSING BY CUTTING AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION.  1. A method of processing metals by cutting, in which elastic vibrations in a metal are excited by a vibration source located on the surface of the workpiece, and the cutting is carried out by a cutter, characterized in that a cutter is used with a recess inside and a rare-earth substance with electrodes placed inside it, while the electrodes are fed exciting voltage and excite elastic vibrations in the material of the cutter, matching their parameters with the vibration parameters of the workpiece.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parameters of the elastic vibrations control the change in the frequency and magnitude of the exciting voltage.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during the cutting process, non-destructive testing of the metal of the workpiece and the material of the cutter is carried out.  4. A device for processing metals by cutting, containing a spindle, designed to install the workpiece, a cutter and a vibration source, designed to excite vibrations in the workpiece, characterized in that the cutter is made in the form of a holder with a recess designed to accommodate a rare-earth substance with electrodes, and the cutting edge of the cutter is made of tungsten carbide, while the device is equipped with a source of exciting voltage connected to the electrodes and introduced into the device information islitelnym complex intended for adjusting the magnitude and frequency.

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