RU2029273C1 - Bench for acceptance testing of reduction gears - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: test technology, mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: bench has a drive and electric brake with excitation winding kinematically coupled with the shafts of a reduction gear to be tested, first torque sensor kinematically coupled with the drive shaft, second torque sensor kinematically coupled with the driven shaft; two-input divider made in the form of a logometer, controllable DC source with regulating device connected to the excitation winding of electric brake. The first winding of logometer and recording device are connected in parallel to the output of first torque sensor. The second winding of logometer is connected to the output of the second torque sensor. EFFECT: enhanced reliability. 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to mechanical engineering, namely, to test equipment, and can be used to experimentally determine the allowable load level of the gearbox.

 Known loader to the stands of the open loop, containing kinematically connected to the driven shaft of the test transmission electric brake with an excitation winding and a load setting unit, including a controlled amplifier with three control windings, the output of which is connected to the excitation winding of the electric brake, a random signal unit with a controller in the form of a capacitor variable capacitance, a regulating device in the form of series-connected program unit and microdrive, the output shaft of the last kinemat The power supply unit is connected to the axis of the capacitor of variable capacitance, and the DC voltage source, while the load setting unit is also equipped with two additional control devices identical to the main one, a sinusoidal oscillation generator and two electromechanical regulators, the electrical input of each of which is connected respectively to the output of the sinusoidal oscillator and the source DC voltage, electrical output - respectively, to the input of the second and third control windings, controlling mechanically the first input is kinematically connected, respectively, with the output shaft of the micro drive of the first and second additional control devices, the electric brake is made in the form of an inductor electric machine, and the controlled amplifier is magnetic [1].

 The disadvantage of this loader is its limited capabilities, since it does not provide experimental determination of the optimal load level of a newly manufactured gearbox.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the invention is a stand for studying the dynamics of mechanical gearboxes, containing a drive and an electric brake with an excitation winding, kinematically connected to the shafts of the test gear, kinematically connected to the latest torque sensors, a divider registering the device and connected to the excitation winding an electric brake the load regulator, while the divider is made with two inputs and one output associated with the input of the recording device, two of information processing unit, each of which is made in the form of series-connected element for selecting a sinusoidal component and an amplitude value converter, the output of the latter is connected to one of the inputs of the divider, the input of the element for selecting a sinusoidal signal is to the output of one of the moment sensors, each of which is made in the form of two induction torque converters, and the load regulator is made in the form of an adder with two inputs and one output associated with the excitation winding of an electric brake, adjustable th DC power, the output of which is connected to a first input of an adder connected to the second input of the last output of the generator sinusoidal signals and the associated input of the output control device [2].

 The objective of the invention is to enable experimental determination of the optimal load level of the gearbox by recording the moments on its shafts at the maximum value of the gain of the transmitted moment.

 This is achieved by the fact that in the proposed stand for acceptance testing of gearboxes with a driven shaft, the divider with two inputs, the recording divider with two inputs is made in the form of a logometer, the first winding of which and the recording device are connected in parallel to the output of the first torque sensor, the second winding of the logometer is connected to the output the second torque sensor, and the output shaft of the microdrive of the control device is kinematically connected with the axis of the regulator motor of the DC source.

 The execution of the divider in the form of a logometer allows you to register the ratio of moments on the drive and driven shafts of the gearbox and thereby experimentally determine the torque gain, while the ratio is recorded continuously as the moment increases on the driven shaft of the gearbox, connecting a recording device to the output of the torque sensor mounted on the drive shaft gearbox, allows you to record the moment on this shaft when reaching the highest value of the gain registered by the logometer, the connection in Khodnev shaft microactuators control device with the axis of the constant current source allows the engine controller continuously modify the program upward moment on the driven shaft of the gear through the rotation of this engine. The above allows us to determine experimentally the optimal load level of the manufactured gearbox.

 Figure 1 shows the stand, a General view; figure 2 is a graph of the change in torque on the driven shaft of the gearbox; figure 3 is a graph of the change in torque on the drive shaft of the gearbox; figure 4 is a graph of changes in the gain of the moment; figure 5 - electrical signals in the measuring circuit of the stand.

 The stand contains (Fig. 1) a drive 1 and an electric brake 2 with an excitation winding 3, kinematically connected to the shafts of the gearbox under test 4, a first torque sensor 5, kinematically connected to the drive shaft, a second torque sensor 6, kinematically connected to the driven shaft, logometer 7, the first winding 8 of which and the recording device 9 are connected in parallel to the output of the first moment sensor 5, the second winding 10 of the logometer is connected to the output of the second moment sensor 6, and the output shaft 11 of the control device 12 is kinematically connected with the axis of the engine 13 r gulyatora constant current source 14.

 The control device 12 has a series-connected program unit 15, a microelectric motor 16 with a clutch 17 and a gearbox 18.

 Each torque sensor contains two metal disks 19 mounted fixed relative to one another on the corresponding shaft, induction converters 20 installed near the shaft, an adder 21 made on resistors 22, a rectifier 23, a smoothing filter 24. An adjustable DC source 14 consists of an autotransformer 25 transformer 26, rectifier 27 and capacitor 28.

 The stand works as follows.

 After starting the drive 1, the shafts of the tested gearbox 4 come into rotation, the regulating device 12 and the direct current source 14 are turned on. A voltage appears on the winding 3 of the excitation of the electric brake 2, which varies according to the program. On the driven and driving shafts of the gearbox, moments proportional to the voltage applied to the winding 3 appear and change according to the program.

 The metal disks 19 pass into the slots of the converters 20, as a result of which rectangular pulses of the same height and duration are formed on the electrical terminals of the converters, which are fed to the input of the adder 21. The converters 20 are connected to the adder 21 so that their output signals are in antiphase.

 If there is no moment on the shaft, the graphs of the signal at the input of the adder 21 are shown in Fig. 5a. With the advent of the moment on the shaft, a phase shift of the output pulse processes occurs (Fig.5b), while the output of the adder 21 appears signals (Fig.5c), which are rectified (Fig.5g) and smoothed (Fig.5d).

 The values of the moments on the shafts of the gearbox (the output signals of the torque sensors) are continuously divided into each other by a logometer 7, for which the signal from the sensors 5 of the moment is fed to the winding 8 of the logometer, and the signal from the sensor 6 of the moment is fed to the winding 10 of the logometer.

где К_м - коэффициент усиления момента,
М_вм - момент на ведомом валу редуктора,
М_вщ - момент на ведущем валу редуктора Известно, что
М_вм = М_вщ˙U ˙ η, где U - передаточное отношение редуктора;
η - КПД редуктора. Следовательно, К_м = U˙η .The results of this division are indicators of the logometer, which are recorded during the tests. They are proportional to
K _M =

where K _m is the moment gain,
M _VM - the moment on the driven shaft of the gearbox,
M _vsc - torque on the drive shaft of the gearbox It is known that
M = M _{R ™ £ vm} ˙U ˙ η, where U - gear ratio;
η - gearbox efficiency. Therefore, K _m = U˙η.

At constant load, U = const, and η depends on M _VM (increases with increasing M _VM to a certain value, and then begins to decrease). Therefore, K _m ≠ const and is extreme depending on M _VM .

So, if M _vm change according to the program with a linear increase in time (see figure 2), then the moment M _vsc in time will change non-linearly (figure 3), and the relationship between M _vm and K _m will be represented by an extreme dependence (Fig .4).

K value $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{m}}{\text{m}}$ ^As corresponds to the optimal load level of the gearbox, characterized by the corresponding values of M _VM ^opt and M _VS ^opt . These values are determined at the bench by showing the device of the electric brake 2 and the recording device 9.

 Thus, the optimal gearbox load level is determined, which corresponds to the accepted criterion of optimality - the highest value of the gain of the torque transmitted by the gearbox.

Claims (1)

 STAND FOR ACCEPTANCE TESTS OF REDUCERS, containing a drive and an electric brake with an excitation winding, kinematically connected to the shafts of the tested gearbox, a first torque sensor kinematically connected to the driven shaft of the tested gearbox, a recording device, a divider with two inputs, an adjustable DC source with a slide controller, connected to the excitation winding of an electric brake, and a control device made in the form of series-connected software unit and microdrive, characterized by m, that the divider with two inputs is made in the form of a logometer, the first winding of which and the recording device are connected in parallel to the output of the first torque sensor, and the output shaft of the micro drive of the control device is kinematically connected with the axis of the regulator of the DC source.

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