RU2019959C1 - Hydroponic installation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: hydroponic installation comprises multitier rack made in the form of uprights interconnected by cross-ties. Disposed on ties are germinators provided with plate-type cutters. Installed in lower part of rack is a container for nutrient solution, while the lower part accommodates a fan, distributing container and lamps. Each tier has a frame with sprinkling pipes. Germinators are of netted extensible construction. Rack is divided by a partition into upper and lower compartments. The installation is equipped with a loading device. Uprights are provided with caps of transparent and opaque material in upper and lower compartments, respectively. EFFECT: vegetables and green fodder can be grown all the year round thus producing medically pure sprouted grain for human food. 4 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to equipment for growing green vegetables, germinating grain, green vitamin feed for animals and birds, will find application in the food and feed industry, in medicine, in catering and in everyday life.

 Known hydroponic installation containing multi-tiered racks equipped with heating, irrigation, lighting, ventilation, ultraviolet (bactericidal) radiation, automatic control, pressure-mixing tank, distribution manifolds, electromagnetic and shut-off valves, as well as equipped with a waste tank, a container for cooking concentrated solutions, pallets, germinators, a platform for the germination of planting materials, equipped with heating devices, orosh of ventilation, bactericidal irradiation, a station for preparing planting material containing a hopper, conveyor, dispenser, conveyor, bactericidal irradiators, a drainage bathtub, a vibrostand, a pallet loading device, a disinfection bath, in addition, the racks are equipped with a seedling machine and a control panel .

 Known plant designs are designed for industrial production and are not acceptable for household appliances. Reproduction of individual units and devices without their creative refinement is not always possible, often there are no constructive analogues to general ideas, many designs do not take into account either the materials or the manufacturability of their manufacture, nor the dimensions, therefore, their improvement is necessary.

 In a number of cases, well-known designs allow transshipment of germinated material, however, even under natural conditions, transshipment or reseeding of germinated materials leads to their complete death, in addition, the grown green products are lost up to 30% or more during transhipment, so the new technology should not reproduce old technologies.

 The purpose of the invention is to improve the design and reduce the size.

 Figure 1 shows a hydroponic installation, front view with the covers removed; figure 2 is the same side view with the covers removed; figure 3 is a pallet-germination, top view; figure 4 is a section aa in figure 3; figure 5 - frame with light emitters and drainage tubes, top view; figure 6 - pallet loading device; front view; Fig.7 is a section bB in Fig.6; on Fig - section bb in Fig.7.

 The hydroponic installation is a multi-tiered rack made in the form of racks 1, interconnected from the inside with an interval of height in mutually perpendicular directions with transverse ribs 2, carrying retractable mesh pallets-corridors 3 and frames 4 with light emitters 5 and drainage at different levels tubes 6, while the pallets-germinators are inserted from the front side, and the frames with light emitters and drainage tubes from the side of the rack.

 At the bottom of the racks, partitions 7 with thermal insulation are fixed, forming the upper 8 light and lower 9 dark chambers.

 On the partitions installed drainage pallets 10 and 11, varying in volume, which are interconnected by a drain pipe 12, and the lower pan, in addition, is connected by a pipe to the pump 13, which supplies water from the pan and concentrated nutrient solution from the tank 14 to the pressure-mixing tank 15, where it is diluted with pure water to a predetermined concentration. On the front walls of the upper chamber 8, hinged covers 16 are made of transparent material, on the lower chamber 9 - of opaque material with thermal insulation. On the rear walls of the chambers 8 and 9, heating devices 18 are installed, through which tubes for heating the irrigation water coming from the pressure-mixing tank are laid, and are closed by lids 19 with thermal insulation.

 In the upper chamber 8, in the spaces between the pallets, the lateral bactericidal irradiators 20 are installed, which operate in a short-term mode, in addition, heating devices are also installed on both sides of the lower chamber and covered with lids with thermal insulation.

 On the cover of the rack are supply and exhaust fans 21.

 Vegetable pallets are equipped with plate knives 22 for cutting green plants and retractable nets 23. Light emitters and drainage tubes are mounted on a common frame parallel to each other and are connected by a transverse collector 24.

 The pallet-loading device is made in the form of racks 25, connected from above and below by transverse trims 25, supported by wheels 27. Racks 28 are mounted on racks, along which gear wheels 29 are connected, interconnected by axles 30 carrying the carriage 31 with guide rails 32 on which the pallet-milking tray 3 is located, and the transverse carriage 33, equipped with spring latches 34 with balancing stops 35, by means of which the pallet-grinder is moved inside the rack and removed from there.

 The carriages are equipped with electric drives 36 and a remote control 37 control. In addition, the vegetation chambers are equipped with instruments for monitoring and regulating temperature, humidity, the composition of the gaseous medium, measuring instruments for the concentration of the nutrient solution and the water level in the lower pan and in the pressure-mixing tank.

 Installation is controlled from a push-button post located on the side wall of the rack.

 Hydroponic installation works as follows.

 Planting material that has been processed at the planting material preparation station is sown on germination pallets 3, which, using a pallet loading device or manually installed in the lower dark chamber 9, are kept there at a certain temperature, humidity and periodic short-term irradiation for a specified period of time , usually several days, which depends on the type and variety of culture, season, until the shoots appear. The germination of planting material is visually assessed, which should be at least 95% without signs of mold, and then, using a pallet-loading device, the same pallets are rearranged in the upper bright chamber 8 and there green plants are grown to a specified ripeness. The filling of the chamber 8 can be carried out simultaneously or gradually (each tier) to create a cyclical ripening of plants.

 Regularly at predetermined intervals of time, metered watering of planting material or green plants with clean water or nutrient solutions is carried out, which are prepared in concentrated form in a container 14 and fed by a pump 13 to a pressure-mixing tank 15, where they are diluted with clean water to specified concentrations, and then fed through pipelines passing through the heating devices 18, to the drainage tubes 6. The dosed flow of water and solutions is regulated by an electromagnetic valve operating in a temporary mode. Excess irrigation water or nutrient solutions, as a rule, are drained in small quantities into drainage trays 10 and 11, filtered, enriched with mineral salts and again fed to plants, and if it is impossible to use them, they are discharged into the sewer system (after neutralization).

 The microclimate in the chambers is supported automatically by heating devices 18, an irrigation system 6, supply and exhaust fans 21, lighting devices 5 and heat-insulating fences 19.

 The microclimate parameters in the chambers are controlled and the operation of mechanisms, devices and systems is controlled by automation.

 Pallet loading device operates as follows.

 The pallet-germinator with planting material is installed on the carriage 31, the device moves on wheels to the front wall of the rack, if it has not been docked in advance, and rises or lowers to a given tier, and then by means of the transverse carriage 33 is moved into the rack or removed from there.

 When loading pallets, the transverse carriage 33 is in the extreme forward position, the front latch is lowered, and the rear is raised.

 When unloading pallets, the transverse carriage 33 is in the extreme rear position, the rear latch 34 is lowered, and the front is raised.

 Management is carried out with the remote control 37.

 Finished products are delivered to consumers in pallets-germinators or in cut and packaged form. Cutting of green plants is carried out with plate knives 22 mounted on the pallets-germinators, at the time of promotion of the nets 23 from the pallets.

 Using the invention allows to solve the problem of growing green vegetable crops all year round and green vitamin feed for animals and birds, especially at home.

 The value of this installation also lies in the fact that it makes it possible to obtain medically pure germinated grain for the therapeutic nutrition of people.

 Germinated grain and green vegetable crops obtained by the hydroponic method have a beneficial effect on the human body and often cure or prevent the development of many diseases.

Claims (4)

 1. HYDROPONIC INSTALLATION, containing a multi-tiered rack, made in the form of racks, interconnected by tiers of transverse links, on which the germinators are placed, a container for nutrient solution installed in the lower part of the rack, connected by a pipeline to the pump, a fan and a distribution unit installed in the upper part of the rack capacity, fixtures, characterized in that it is equipped with means for automatically controlling the temperature, humidity and the gas environment, a frame with irrigation pipes, installation renewed on each tier of transverse connections, a partition in the lower part of the racks, a partition forming the upper and lower compartments with an additional container placed on it, connected by a drain pipe to a container for nutrient solution, while hinged lids are installed on one of the racks of the upper compartment from one side transparent material, and on the racks of the lower compartment there are covers made of opaque material with thermal insulation, screens with thermal insulation are installed on the other sides, and bactericidal are installed between the germinators irradiators, and the germinators are made retractable and mesh, and the lamps are fixed on the frame.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the germinators are equipped with plate knives.  3. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the lamps and irrigation tubes are placed on the frame parallel to each other and are interconnected by a collector.  4. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a loading device made in the form of racks connected to each other in the upper and lower parts by transverse brackets mounted on racks of gear racks interacting with gears mounted on an axis on which a platform with guide rails and a carriage with spring latches and balancing stops was mounted, while the platform and carriage are equipped with an electric drive and an external control panel, and wheels are attached to the lower cross bars.

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