RU2018779C1 - High-explosive shell (its variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fragmentation ammunition. SUBSTANCE: shell body 1 accommodates main bursting charge 2, bottom fuze 3 with detonator and inertia striking mechanism with a delay element. Body front part 9 has a tapered or curved surface, whose top faces the shell bottom. Nose-cap 11 is filled with low-dense material. Positioned in the front part of the nose-cap is contact reaction piece 12 connected to bottom fuze 3 by means of an electric coupling with the adjustable main charge bursting delay element. Shell case 10 is installed between the body front part and nose-cap. The case accommodates a block of ready-made destruction elements 5, it can be provided with explosive charge 6 with detonator. Besides, the shape of the destruction elements allows their compact laying in the block. The body can be made with preset crushing or with meniscus elements for production of percussion cores. A shell variant provides for a body with a shoulder in the front part and front bottom, installed with a rest against the shoulder. EFFECT: improved design. 15 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to ammunition technology, and more specifically to fragmentation ammunition having simultaneously axial and circular fields of destruction.

 Known fragmentation projectile with an axial flow of finished striking elements (GGE), placed in the form of a block between the head fuse and the explosive charge (EX). The GGE block has a central channel communicating with a detonator located directly behind the block. The disadvantage of this design is the decrease in the detonation wave momentum to the GGE block, which occurs due to its propagation to the bottom of the projectile.

 This drawback has been eliminated in the design of the fragmentation shell, which contains the shell, explosive charge, ground fuse, ballistic cap filled with low-density material, such as polyurethane foam, and a finished PE block placed between the head part of the shell and the ballistic cap, while the head part of the body and the GGE block mate on a conical surface.

Conjugation of the conical surface is intended to form a circular field GGE filling front opening angle ^of 5-35 in the meridional plane of expansion (counting from the direction of flight), which increases the total opening angle and, therefore, increases the probability of the covering target projectile at break above it. At the same time, the introduction of the cone leads to a sharp decrease in the GGE flow in the axial direction, which will worsen the effect with another type of shooting, when the projectile trajectory passes close to the target, and the target is covered only by the GGE axial flow. This is a design flaw.

 Another significant drawback is associated with the use of ready-made PE spherical shape. During explosive throwing of a block consisting of balls, due to the presence of an empty space between them, the GGEs undergo severe plastic deformation, especially in the area adjacent to the contact surface with an explosive charge, which, on the one hand, leads to a decrease in the throwing speed due to losses in plastic flow in the block, and on the other - to the deterioration of the form of GGE on the flight (increase in ballistic coefficient).

 A disadvantage is the absence of a reaction fuse (or reaction contact head), which excludes firing of this projectile at a fragmentation impact. When installing an inertial shock mechanism in the bottom fuse, instant action is not provided, it is not provided for the use of a projectile for firing at high-explosive penetrating action. The absence of a fragmentation and penetrating high-explosive action in a projectile severely limits its capabilities.

 The objective of the present invention is to remedy these disadvantages and increase the effectiveness of the projectile by controlling the configuration of the affected field depending on the firing conditions and giving the projectile shock fragmentation and penetrating high-explosive action. The technical solution to the problem is that the head of the body is modified, namely, the cone directed by the apex to the head of the projectile is replaced by a cone or a curved surface with the vertex directed to the bottom of the projectile, new structural elements are introduced in the form of a charge with a detonator placed along the block axis GGE, and the head contact node, and an electrical connection is established between the bottom fuse, the head contact node and both detonators.

 Graphic images are presented in figures 1-8.

 In FIG. 1, 2, 3 and 4 are examples of specific designs; figure 5 is an electrical diagram of an explosive device; figure 6 - the effect of the projectile on a big miss with the simultaneous actuation of charges; Fig.7 - the effect of the projectile in the same embodiment with the simultaneous actuation of charges; on Fig - the effect of the projectile with a small miss.

 The projectile has a housing 1 with a main explosive charge 2, a bottom fuse 3 with a detonator 4, a block of finished PE 5 with an explosive charge 6 placed inside it, equipped with a detonator 7. The design embodiment shown in Fig. 1 has a housing 1 with a screw bottom 8. The front of the housing is made with a reverse cone 9 with an angle of inclination α. A sleeve 10 is screwed onto the housing, in which a GGE block is placed. The head cap 11, made of light material, such as aluminum alloy, is threaded to the sleeve 10 and to the head contact assembly 12. The cap 11 is filled inside with a lightweight filler, for example polyurethane foam. The monolithic design of the front of the case allows for the use of a projectile as a penetrating high explosive in the fuse with a delayed action.

 In the variants depicted in figures 2 and 3, the front bottom of the projectile is made in the form of a separate part 13 (round plate, diaphragm), based on an annular ledge in the housing. This design allows you to use in the design of the shell classic design, equipped through an open front end. In the construction of FIG. 2, the diaphragm is made flat, i.e. represents a special case of a cone at an angle α = 0. In the embodiment of figure 3, the diaphragm has a curved generatrix. Block 5 is made of ready-made striking elements 14, the shape of which ensures their tight packing in the block. For example, a parallelepiped, a hexagonal prism, etc., have such a shape. Finished PEs are made both from steel and from heavy alloys, for example, from tungsten-based alloys.

 To increase the radial fragmentation effect on durable targets, the housing can be made with a set of ready-made PE, including those made of heavy alloys. In the design of figure 2, the GGE 15 are mounted in the wall of the housing, for example, by a powder-press technological method. In the design of FIG. 3, a GGE layer 16 is placed between the body and the sheath 17 worn on it. FIG. 3 shows the design of a projectile for a smoothbore, for example, tank gun, equipped with a deployable stabilizer 18.

To increase the effectiveness of the radial flow of fragments of the shell for durable purposes, its predetermined crushing is provided (figure 4):
a) with internal trimming (corrugation) of the case of open and closed type;
b) in the form of a bearing shell 19 with a set of rings of a given crushing put on it;
c) in the form of a supporting shell 19 with a square-sectioned bar 21 wound around it in the form of a compressed spring;
d) applying local brittle zones to the shell, for example, using local chemical-thermal treatment, radiation treatment (laser or electron beam), etc .;
d) by applying cumulative recesses 22 on the surface of the explosive charge;
e) using perforated gaskets 23 made of inert materials;
g) using meniscus inserts 24, forming shock nuclei during the explosion.

 The air gap of the projectile is provided by a fuse of a remote type (with a countdown) or a non-contact fuse. A block diagram of an electric type remote explosive device is shown in FIG. The device comprises a power supply 25, a bottom contact or non-contact receiver of commands or temporary installation 26, the output of which is connected to the input of the time counter 27, made, for example, using an electronic circuit, a safety-actuating mechanism 28, the outputs of which are connected to the main charge electric detonator 29 and an electric detonator 30 of the charge of the GGE unit, an adjustable detonation delay element 31, an inertial bottom contact assembly 32 connected through an included deceleration element 33 with a high-explosive action with security-executive mechanism, the switching unit 34, the connecting cable 35, the head receiver, temporary installation 36, the head contact reaction unit 37.

 Entering a team that determines the type of action (six types of actions are provided, including three types when shooting with an air gap and three types when firing) and for the first three types entering a temporary installation, i.e. the time from the moment of the shot to the shell burst ( flight time) is made through the bottom 26 or head 36 receivers installations contact or non-contact methods.

, φ₂= arctg

.Shooting at an air gap with an extension of the field angle (Fig. 5) is carried out for areal and group targets, or for single targets with a significant error of the anticipated detonation range U. When the projectile approaches the anticipated point, both electric detonators 29 and 30 are triggered simultaneously. the assumption that the dimensions of the projectile and the detonation time are small, and also assuming that the medians of the fields during static blasting are directed normally to the axis of the projectile, are shown in Fig. 5 (U _c — projectile velocity, V _R , U _R — radial velocities respectively the expansion of fragments of the shell of the shell and the finished PE block). The angles between the direction of flight of the projectile and the medians of both fields are determined by the relations
φ ₁ = arctg

, φ ₂ = arctg

.

= φ₂+

где Δ φ_б , Δ φ_o - соответственно углы разлета в динамике блока ГПЭ и осколков корпуса снаряда.The condition for combining the internal boundaries of the fields (Δ φ = 0) has the form
φ ₁ +

= φ ₂ +

where Δ φ _b , Δ φ _o are respectively the angles of expansion in the dynamics of the GGE block and fragments of the shell of the shell.

 Shooting at an air gap with an increase in total field density due to overlapping fields (Fig. 7) is carried out for single targets with a sufficiently small error in the predetermined detonation range U. In this case, at the anticipated point A, the fuse gives a signal for the operation of the charge detonator 30 of the GGE block, and then through the time interval t (at point B) - the signal for the operation of the electric detonator 29 of the main charge. The distance Z (see Fig. 2) is chosen so as to exclude the transmission of detonation between both charges.

=

,

=

откуда требуемый интервал времени между подрывами (задержка подрыва определится соотношением
t = H

-

При равных скоростях U_R и V_R требуемая задержка равна нулю.The condition for covering the point target with the medians of the flows of fragments of the shell and the finished PE block has the form

=

,

=

whence the required time interval between detonations (delay of detonation is determined by the ratio
t = H

-

At equal speeds U _R and V _{R, the} required delay is zero.

Здесь D - скорость детонации, β = C/M - коэффициент нагрузки, С - масса заряда ВВ, М - масса металла, φ_o - коэффициент, зависящий от конструкции оболочки.The calculation of the expansion velocities of fragments of the hull V _R and the finished PE card block U _{R is} carried out according to the Pokrovsky-Jerney formula, refined taking into account the final value of the radius of the breakthrough of detonation products
v _R = φ _o

Here D is the detonation velocity, β = C / M is the load factor, C is the explosive charge mass, M is the metal mass, φ _o is the coefficient depending on the shell design.

< 0,2

Величина коэффициента φ_o зависит от устройства оболочки снаряда и может быть принята для оболочки естественного дробления (фиг.1) φ_o = 1,0, для оболочек типов, изображенных на фиг. 2, фиг.4г φ_o = 0,95, для оболочек, изображенных на фиг.3, фиг.4а, б, д, е - φ_o = 0,90. Для менисковой оболочки с формированием ударных ядер, показанной на фиг.4ж, скорости, полученные ударными ядрами V_R' и остальной частью оболочки V_R'', различны (V_R' > V_R''). В этом случае по формуле Покровского-Джерни может быть рассчитана только средняя скорость оболочки.The relative thickness of the sleeve 10 (or the corresponding part of the housing in Figs. 2, 3) Δ _o / d _o is related to the relative diameter of the charge of the block d _e / d _o and the relative charge length of the block h / H by the ratio obtained from the condition of stable destruction of the sleeve (in medium-carbon steel was adopted as the liner material)

<0.2

The value of the coefficient φ _o depends on the structure of the shell of the projectile and can be taken for the shell of natural crushing (FIG. 1) φ _o = 1.0, for shells of the types depicted in FIG. 2, FIG. 4d, φ _o = 0.95, for the shells depicted in FIG. 3, FIG. 4a, b, d, e - φ _o = 0.90. For meniscus drum shell to form nuclei shown in fig.4zh, velocity obtained shock nuclei V _R 'and the remainder of the shell V _R' ', different _{(V R'> V R '} '). In this case, according to the Pokrovsky-Jerney formula, only the average shell velocity can be calculated.

Shooting at an air gap in conditions when the trajectory of the projectile passes close to the target (with a small miss) is presented in Fig. 8. At a pre-empted point, a command is given to trigger the electric detonator 29. The electric detonator 30 and the charge of block 6 remain in an inert state throughout the process. The GGE block receives the average axial velocity U ₃ , while a high-density axial field is formed with a total velocity V _o = V _c + U ₃ . The cylindrical conic shape of the GGE block provides alignment of the axial velocity along the radius of the block, given that the specific pressure pulse of the detonation products on the contact surface of the charge — the GGE block decreases from the axis of the charge to the periphery. In this case, the radial field of fragments of the body is not used to hit the target.

 When firing at a shock action, depending on the fuse installation, one of three types of action is realized: fragmentation effect when the fuse is set to instant action due to the operation of the head contact unit 37; high-explosive fragmentation when installing the fuse for inertial action due to the operation of the bottom inertial contact node 37; high-explosive (delayed) action when installing the fuse for separation through the moderator 33.

 When performing a penetrating high-explosive action, especially in rocky, semi-rocky soils, brick walls, etc., the head cap can be crushed and the GGE block is destroyed during penetration, but the head part of the body can not be destroyed with the chamber opened under the explosive charge. In this sense, the construction shown in FIG. 1 is more preferred. The use of a heavy indestructible head cap is unacceptable due to a significant decrease in this case the speed of the GGE block due to the attachment of the cap mass.

 The use of this invention in weapons systems will improve the effectiveness of destruction of ground and air targets while reducing the range of shells, leading to easier production and supply.

Claims (15)

 1. A high-explosive fragmentation projectile comprising a body with a front part, a main explosive charge placed in the body, a bottom fuse with a detonator, a head cap filled with low-density material, a block of ready-to-use striking elements placed between the head cap and the front part of the body with a surface interface the latter, characterized in that it is equipped with a sleeve installed between the front of the housing and the head cap, and a contact reaction unit installed in the front of the head cap, and the bottom fuse is equipped with an inertial shock mechanism with a deceleration element, while the front of the case is made with a conical or curved surface facing the top to the bottom of the projectile, and the bottom fuse and the contact reaction unit are interconnected by electrical connection with the element for the adjustable delay of the detonation of the main explosive charge .  2. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an explosive charge with a detonator located in a block of ready-to-use striking elements, the detonator being connected by electrical communication with a bottom fuse and a contact reaction unit. 3. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the angle of inclination of the conical surface of the front of the housing to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the projectile is not more than 30 ^o .  4. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the finished damaging elements of the block are made in a shape that ensures their tight packing in the block.  5. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing is made with a given crushing.  6. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the shell of the projectile is made with meniscus elements for forming shock nuclei. 7. The projectile according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the relative thickness of the liner is determined by the ratio:

<0.2

,
where d _e / d ₀ is the relative diameter of the block charge;
h / H is the relative length of the block charge. 8. The projectile according to claim 1, characterized in that the delay time t of the element of the adjustable delay detonation of the main charge is determined by the ratio
t = H

-

,
where H is the height of the trajectory of the projectile above the surface or the expected miss;
U _R , V _R - respectively, the radial expansion speeds of the finished striking elements of the block and fragments of the body.  9. A high-explosive fragmentation projectile containing a body, the main explosive charge placed in the body, a bottom fuse with a detonator, a head cap filled with low-density material, a block of finished striking elements, characterized in that the body is made with a ledge in the front and is equipped with a front bottom mounted with an emphasis on a ledge, a block of striking elements is placed in the housing between the head cover and the front bottom with the interface with the bottom surface, the projectile is equipped with a contact reaction unit installed in the front h part of the head cap, and the bottom fuse is equipped with an inertial shock mechanism with a deceleration element, while the bottom fuse and the contact reaction unit are interconnected by electrical communication with the element of the adjustable delay of detonation of the main explosive charge.  10. The projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that it is equipped with an explosive charge with a detonator located in a block of ready-to-use striking elements, the detonator being connected by electrical communication with a bottom fuse and a contact reaction unit.  11. The projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the finished damaging elements of the block are made in a shape that ensures their tight packing in the block.  12. The projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the casing is made with predetermined crushing.  13. The projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the casing is made with meniscus elements for forming shock nuclei. 14 . The projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the relative thickness of the body at the location of the block of finished striking elements Δ _o / d _{o is} determined by the ratio

<0.2

,
where d _e / d ₀ is the relative diameter of the block charge;
h / H is the relative length of the block charge. 15. The projectile according to claim 9, characterized in that the delay time t of the element of the adjustable delay detonation of the main charge is determined by the ratio
t = H

-

,
where H is the height of the trajectory of the projectile above the surface or the expected miss;
U _R , V _R - respectively, the radial expansion speeds of the finished striking elements of the block and fragments of the body.

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