RU2015653C1 - Method for cultivation of potatoes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves placing a separating partition on nutrient solution. Holes in partition should be smaller than thickness of stalks. Tubers are placed on separating partition, covered on top with light-tight partition having holes of porolon-like material. Nutrient solution is produced by supplying water through ceolyte saturated with mineral nutrient elements. As the plant grows, young tubers are collected and the damaged ones, removed. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, and more particularly to plant growing and seed production, and can be used for growing potatoes.

 Traditional methods of growing potatoes are known, based on mechanical cultivation of the soil, applying fertilizers to it, placing the planting tuber in the soil, covering it with soil, loosening the soil and root dressing of the potato during the growing season, processing with pesticides and biological products from pests.

 Such methods are usually used for growing potatoes in large open areas and do not provide a stable, guaranteed yield and obtaining high-quality seed potatoes.

 Improving the quality of the harvest of fruits that do not contain residues of pesticides, herbicides and other substances harmful to the body allows the use of artificial soils.

 Known methods of growing plants of various species based on the use of artificial soil, for example, based on a mixture of cation exchangers and anion exchangers saturated with elements of mineral nutrition.

 The use of such soils allows you to increase yield, facilitates the care of plants. Such soil does not contain weeds, pests and pathogens of plants. However, the use of artificial soil does not solve all the problems during cultivation. Partial or complete soil regeneration after three to four vegetations is required. The plant, as in traditional methods of growing, requires watering during the growth process. As applied to growing potatoes, it is almost impossible to control growing tubers during the growing season; to collect tubers, they need to be dug up and separated from the soil, which leads to damage.

 A known method of growing potatoes, including placing on the soil a perforated film with holes less than the thickness of the stolons formed during the growing of potatoes, placing a planting tuber on it, filling with soil, watering during the growing season, root feeding and treatment with pests.

 In this case, the roots growing down pass through the holes in the perforated film, and the developing stolons are separated from the root system. This method provides easier plant care and collection of tubers. However, contact with the soil does not allow you to get healthy tubers.

 Of the known methods, the closest to the claimed one is a method of growing potatoes, including placing on a nutrient substrate a dividing wall with holes whose dimensions are less than the thickness of the stolons formed during the process of growing potatoes, placing a planting tuber on it, covering with a lightproof partition with holes, the size of which is chosen from the condition removing through them the growing stems of potatoes, moisturizing the root system during the growth of potatoes. In this method, a perforated film is used as a dividing wall, a light-tight film with holes is used as a light-tight partition, and soil is used as a nutrient substrate. The gap between the opaque and dividing walls is intended for the formed stolons and tubers on them, not in contact with the soil and at the same time protected from light exposure. The latter prevents the gardening of tubers.

 In the process of growing potatoes in this way, however, the operations of regular watering and root dressing remain necessary, for which a lightproof film is removed and reinstalled. This method does not allow to achieve the highest yield and quality of the grown potatoes.

 The problem solved by the invention is to create a highly efficient method of growing potatoes, free from the disadvantages of the prototype method. The technical result provided by the invention is to increase the yield and quality of the grown potatoes with the exception of root feeding with nutrients during the growing season.

 This is achieved by the fact that in the method of growing potatoes, including placing on a nutrient substrate a dividing wall with holes whose dimensions are less than the thickness of the stolons formed during the growing of potatoes, placing a planting tuber on it, covering with a lightproof partition with holes, the size of which is selected from the output condition through of them growing potato stems, moistening the root system in the process of potato growth, a nutrient solution is used as a nutrient substrate, which obtained with water through a modified zeolite, and in the growth of the young tubers spend their otdaivanie and removing damaged. In addition, a material selected from the additional condition of air and moisture permeability can be used as the material of the opaque partition.

 New in the claimed method is the selection of a nutrient substrate based on zeolite and the introduction of otdivaniya and removal of damaged tubers, as well as the choice of material of a lightproof partition. The technical result realized by the invention is achieved by the totality of essential features in their inextricable relationship.

In accordance with the claimed method, a nutrient solution is used as a nutrient substrate, which is obtained by supplying water through a modified zeolite. Mineral zeolite is an exceptionally high ion exchanger and, as established experimentally, has the property, after being saturated with elements of mineral nutrition, to give the potato root system upon its contact with the exchange groups of ion exchangers only those ions and only in the amount that the potato needs in this phase of development. At the same time, no means are required to regulate the mineral nutrition of potatoes in various phases of growth, since the nutrient substrate based on the modified zeolite forms a self-regulating system optimized for mineral nutrition with the plant, which eliminates the need for additional root dressing. High concentrations of mineral nutrients in the nutrient substrate are non-toxic and readily available to the plant. In this case, both forced feed and gravity water can be used to form a nutrient substrate. One of the variants of the method may include placing zeolite crumbs in a separate column through which the nutrient solution is forcibly pumped from bottom to top, and, for example, a liquid nutrient substrate is formed under the separation wall with the planting tubers located on it, which, after flowing under the entire surface the separation partition is returned to the container with the nutrient solution. Such a system operates in a closed loop. Another variant of the method involves placing zeolite crumbs (100% or mixed with soil or other soil substitutes) directly under the dividing wall. This requires moistening the nutrient substrate, for example, by supplying water by gravity under the dividing wall or by irrigation through a lightproof partition, which is used as an air- and water-permeable material, for example, foam rubber. Any other options are possible, providing the flow of nutrient solution to the root system. The water temperature for a nutrient solution is maintained in the range 18-20 ° ^C. Use as an opaque material such as foam rubber septum provides necessary for effective growth of potato microclimate and facilitates, if necessary, humidifying process and tuber root system.

 As a dividing wall, a synthetic film or mesh of solid material with holes with a diameter of 1 mm can be used. Through such holes, the roots of the potato pass freely, while the stolons having a larger diameter do not.

 In accordance with the proposed method, as the tubers grow, they are detached. As established experimentally, defrosting, i.e. the collection of tubers as they grow sharply stimulates additional tuberization and accelerates the growth of the remaining tubers. It is easy to control the growth process and the quality of the resulting tubers, remove diseased tubers. The ability to receive tubers of the same caliber during donning increases the marketability of ware potatoes, and for seed potatoes this further facilitates and improves the quality of the process of mechanized planting, which helps to increase the yield of such seed potatoes. Thawing and monitoring the condition of growing tubers is possible only in the case of direct access to growing tubers, which is provided by the invention. At the same time, the claimed combination of essential features, including the use of zeolite, eliminates (or substantially limits) the need to use soil, soil substitutes, and root top dressing, and makes it easy to adjust the nutrient solution according to the result of monitoring the developing tubers, which are combined, in particular, with the process of separation. The possibility of rejection of tubers (and plants in general) affected by the virus, viroid or minoplasma diseases at all stages of the growing season makes it possible to obtain virus-free primary material and its repeated virus-free propagation.

 PRI me R. The method of growing potatoes is implemented for growing indoors seed potatoes of the Bronnitsky variety. At the bottom of the plastic tray, a modified chip, i.e. pre-saturated with elements of mineral nutrition, zeolite. A dividing wall in the form of a grid with holes with a diameter of 1 mm was placed on it, onto which the germinated planting tubers had passed clone selection. The tray was covered with a dark barrier (cover) made of dark foam with holes for the emergence of potato stalks. The distance between the net and the lid was 22–25 cm. Water was pumped along the bottom of the tray in an automated mode in a closed cycle. Illumination of the growing stems was carried out by metal halide lamps DRI-6. As the potatoes grew, the state of stolons and growing tubers was periodically monitored (twice a week). Starting from 50-55 days after planting, defrosting was performed. This method of cultivation made it possible in time to remove substandard and diseased tubers and obtain health calibrated tubers in the amount of 15-20 tubers from one bush during the growing season. It is also significant that the method is extremely reliable, since malfunctions in the automated water supply, leading to a shutdown of the water supply, begin to affect the condition of plants only after 3-4 days (with traditional hydroponic methods, such malfunctions lead to the death of plants in a few hours )

 The proposed method can be used both in relatively large open areas and in enclosed spaces. The method is especially effective for growing seed and elite virus-free potatoes. The method provides obtaining healthy potatoes with a high reproduction rate and high quality, without the need for root dressing at all stages of potato growing season.

Claims (2)

 1. METHOD OF POTATO GROWING, which includes placing on the nutrient substrate a dividing wall with holes smaller than the thickness of the stolons formed during potato growing, placing a planting tuber on it, covering with a lightproof partition with holes, the size of which is selected from the conditions for growing potato stems through them moisturizing the root system in the process of potato growth, characterized in that a nutrient solution is used as a nutrient substrate, which Luciano water flow through the zeolite saturated mineral elements, and as young potato tuber growth spend their collection and removal of damaged.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a material of the foam type is used as the material of the opaque partition.