RU2013148155A - HARDENING METHOD FOR A SOLID SOLUTION DEFORMABLE FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE PREPARATION OF PASSIVE ALLOY AND A PART Hardened in a SOLID SOLUTION USING THE METHOD - Google Patents

HARDENING METHOD FOR A SOLID SOLUTION DEFORMABLE FOR LOW-TEMPERATURE PREPARATION OF PASSIVE ALLOY AND A PART Hardened in a SOLID SOLUTION USING THE METHOD Download PDF

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RU2013148155A
RU2013148155A RU2013148155/02A RU2013148155A RU2013148155A RU 2013148155 A RU2013148155 A RU 2013148155A RU 2013148155/02 A RU2013148155/02 A RU 2013148155/02A RU 2013148155 A RU2013148155 A RU 2013148155A RU 2013148155 A RU2013148155 A RU 2013148155A
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temperature
dissolution
nitrogen
workpiece
stainless steel
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RU2600789C2 (en
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Томас Лундин КРИСТИАНСЕН
Томас Страбо ХУММЕЛЬШОЙ
Марсель А. Й. СОМЕРС
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Экспаните А/С
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/24—Nitriding
    • C23C8/26—Nitriding of ferrous surfaces
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    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/28—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in one step
    • C23C8/30—Carbo-nitriding
    • C23C8/32—Carbo-nitriding of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/34—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases more than one element being applied in more than one step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
    • C23C8/38—Treatment of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/80—After-treatment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
    • F16B39/00—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts
    • F16B39/22—Locking of screws, bolts or nuts in which the locking takes place during screwing down or tightening

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  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

1. Способ образования расширенного аустенита и/или расширенного мартенсита путем закалки на твердый раствор деформированной при низких температурах заготовки из пассивного сплава на основе железа, никеля и/или кобальта, а также содержащего по меньшей мере 10% хрома, или сплава на основе железа, содержащего по меньшей мере 10,5% хрома, причем способ включает первый этап растворения по меньшей мере азота в заготовке при температуре T1, которая выше температуры растворимости для карбида и/или нитрида, а также ниже точки плавления пассивного сплава, при этом при температуре T1 проводят расстворение азота с достижением глубины диффузии в диапазоне от 50 мкм до 5 мм, и последующий второй этап растворения азота и/или углерода в заготовке при температуре T2, составляющей по меньшей мере 300°C при этом температура T2 ниже температуры, при которой в пассивном сплаве образуются карбиды и/или нитриды, причем способ дополнительно включает промежуточный этап охлаждения заготовки после этапа растворения при температуре T1 до температуры, которая ниже температуры, при которой в пассивном сплаве образуются карбиды и/или нитриды.2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что растворение при температуре T2 происходит непосредственно после охлаждения после растворения при температуре T1.3. Способ по любому из пп.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что этап охлаждения происходит в инертном газе, предпочтительно инертном газе, не содержащем азот.4. Способ по п.3, отличающийся тем, что инертным газом кроме постоянных примесей является аргон.5. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что азот и углерод растворяют при температуре T1.6. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что пассивн�1. The method of formation of expanded austenite and / or expanded martensite by quenching a solid solution of a workpiece made of a passive alloy based on iron, nickel and / or cobalt, and also containing at least 10% chromium or an alloy based on iron, deformed at low temperatures containing at least 10.5% chromium, the method comprising the first step of dissolving at least nitrogen in the workpiece at a temperature T1 that is higher than the solubility temperature for carbide and / or nitride, and also below the melting point of the passive alloy and, at the same time, at a temperature T1, a nitrogen dissolution is performed to achieve a diffusion depth in the range from 50 μm to 5 mm, and the subsequent second step is the dissolution of nitrogen and / or carbon in the workpiece at a temperature T2 of at least 300 ° C and temperature T2 lower than the temperature at which carbides and / or nitrides are formed in the passive alloy, the method further comprising an intermediate step of cooling the workpiece after the dissolution step at a temperature T1 to a temperature which is lower than the temperature at which in the passive alloy form a carbide and / or nitridy.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dissolution at a temperature of T2 occurs immediately after cooling after dissolution at a temperature of T1.3. A method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cooling step occurs in an inert gas, preferably an inert gas, not containing nitrogen. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the inert gas in addition to constant impurities is argon. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nitrogen and carbon are dissolved at a temperature of T1.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the passive

Claims (24)

1. Способ образования расширенного аустенита и/или расширенного мартенсита путем закалки на твердый раствор деформированной при низких температурах заготовки из пассивного сплава на основе железа, никеля и/или кобальта, а также содержащего по меньшей мере 10% хрома, или сплава на основе железа, содержащего по меньшей мере 10,5% хрома, причем способ включает первый этап растворения по меньшей мере азота в заготовке при температуре T1, которая выше температуры растворимости для карбида и/или нитрида, а также ниже точки плавления пассивного сплава, при этом при температуре T1 проводят расстворение азота с достижением глубины диффузии в диапазоне от 50 мкм до 5 мм, и последующий второй этап растворения азота и/или углерода в заготовке при температуре T2, составляющей по меньшей мере 300°C при этом температура T2 ниже температуры, при которой в пассивном сплаве образуются карбиды и/или нитриды, причем способ дополнительно включает промежуточный этап охлаждения заготовки после этапа растворения при температуре T1 до температуры, которая ниже температуры, при которой в пассивном сплаве образуются карбиды и/или нитриды.1. The method of formation of expanded austenite and / or expanded martensite by quenching a solid solution of a workpiece made of a passive alloy based on iron, nickel and / or cobalt, and also containing at least 10% chromium or an alloy based on iron, deformed at low temperatures containing at least 10.5% chromium, the method comprising the first step of dissolving at least nitrogen in the workpiece at a temperature T1 that is higher than the solubility temperature for carbide and / or nitride, and also below the melting point of the passive alloy and, at the same time, at a temperature T1, a nitrogen dissolution is performed to achieve a diffusion depth in the range from 50 μm to 5 mm, and the subsequent second step is the dissolution of nitrogen and / or carbon in the workpiece at a temperature T2 of at least 300 ° C and temperature T2 lower than the temperature at which carbides and / or nitrides are formed in the passive alloy, the method further comprising an intermediate step of cooling the workpiece after the dissolution step at a temperature T1 to a temperature which is lower than the temperature at which in the passive alloy form a carbide and / or nitride. 2. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что растворение при температуре T2 происходит непосредственно после охлаждения после растворения при температуре T1.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dissolution at a temperature T2 occurs immediately after cooling after dissolution at a temperature T1. 3. Способ по любому из пп.1 или 2, отличающийся тем, что этап охлаждения происходит в инертном газе, предпочтительно инертном газе, не содержащем азот.3. The method according to any one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the cooling step occurs in an inert gas, preferably an inert gas, not containing nitrogen. 4. Способ по п.3, отличающийся тем, что инертным газом кроме постоянных примесей является аргон.4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the inert gas in addition to constant impurities is argon. 5. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что азот и углерод растворяют при температуре T1.5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nitrogen and carbon are dissolved at a temperature T1. 6. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что пассивный сплав выбирают из группы, включающей нержавеющую сталь, аустенитную нержавеющую сталь, мартенситную нержавеющую сталь, ферритную нержавеющую сталь, дисперсионно-твердеющую (PH) нержавеющую сталь или ферритно-аустенитную нержавеющую сталь.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the passive alloy is selected from the group comprising stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel, martensitic stainless steel, ferritic stainless steel, precipitation hardened (PH) stainless steel or ferritic-austenitic stainless steel. 7. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что растворение при температуре T1 проводят с применением газа, содержащего азот, предпочтительно N2.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dissolution at a temperature T1 is carried out using a gas containing nitrogen, preferably N 2 . 8. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что растворение при температуре T2 проводят с помощью способа, выбранного из группы, включающей способ на основе применения газа, ионного легирования, соляной ванны или плазмы.8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dissolution at a temperature of T2 is carried out using a method selected from the group including a method based on the use of gas, ion doping, a salt bath or plasma. 9. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что растворения при температуре T1 и температуре T2 проводят с применением газа.9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the dissolution at temperature T1 and temperature T2 is carried out using gas. 10. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что температура T1 составляет по меньшей мере 1050°C, например в диапазоне от 1050°C до 1300°C.10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature T1 is at least 1050 ° C, for example in the range from 1050 ° C to 1300 ° C. 11. Способ по любому из пп.7-10, отличающийся тем, что охлаждение после растворения при температуре T1 происходит в том же газе, который применяют на этапе растворения при температуре T1.11. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the cooling after dissolution at a temperature T1 occurs in the same gas that is used in the dissolution step at a temperature T1. 12. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что охлаждение от температуры 900°C до 700°C проводят за менее чем 60 секунд.12. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cooling from a temperature of 900 ° C to 700 ° C is carried out in less than 60 seconds. 13. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что углерод растворяют при температуре T2, при этом температура T2 составляет ниже 550°C, предпочтительно в диапазоне 300-530°C.13. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon is dissolved at a temperature T2, while the temperature T2 is below 550 ° C, preferably in the range of 300-530 ° C. 14. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что азот растворяют при температуре T2, при этом температура T2 составляет ниже 500°C, предпочтительно в диапазоне 300-470°C.14. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nitrogen is dissolved at a temperature T2, while the temperature T2 is below 500 ° C, preferably in the range of 300-470 ° C. 15. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что азот и углерод растворяют при температуре T2, при этом температура T2 составляет ниже 500°C, предпочтительно в диапазоне 300-470°C.15. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the nitrogen and carbon are dissolved at a temperature T2, while the temperature T2 is below 500 ° C, preferably in the range of 300-470 ° C. 16. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что в заготовке получают толщину расширенного аустенита или расширенного мартенсита по меньшей мере 5 мкм.16. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the preform receive a thickness of expanded austenite or expanded martensite of at least 5 μm. 17. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что твердость зоны расширенного аустенита или зоны расширенного мартенсита составляет по меньшей мере 1000 HV.17. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardness of the zone of expanded austenite or zone of expanded martensite is at least 1000 HV. 18. Способ по п.2, отличающийся тем, что растворение при температуре T2 происходит в той же печи, что и растворение при температуре T1.18. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the dissolution at temperature T2 occurs in the same furnace as the dissolution at temperature T1. 19. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что низкотемпературная деформация у деформированной при низких температурах заготовки была обеспечена фактическим пластическим изменением формы, таким как ковка, экструзия, формование, вытягивание, прессование или прокатка, или механической обработкой, такой как обточка, размалывание, штамповка, шлифовка или полировка и т.д., или комбинацией таких способов.19. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the low-temperature deformation of the workpiece deformed at low temperatures was provided by an actual plastic shape change, such as forging, extrusion, molding, drawing, pressing or rolling, or by mechanical processing, such as turning, grinding stamping, grinding or polishing, etc., or a combination of such methods. 20. Способ по п.1, отличающийся тем, что заготовка имеет толщину до приблизительно 10 мм.20. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the preform has a thickness of up to about 10 mm 21. Деталь, закаленная на твердый раствор с помощью способа по любому из пп.1-20.21. Part hardened by a solid solution using the method according to any one of claims 1 to 20. 22. Деталь по п.21, отличающаяся тем, что заготовка имеет толщину до приблизительно 10 мм.22. The item according to item 21, wherein the preform has a thickness of up to approximately 10 mm 23. Деталь по п.21 или 22, отличающаяся тем, что деталь представляет собой стопорную шайбу из нержавеющей стали для контровки крепежной детали, такой как болты и/или гайки.23. A part according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the part is a stainless steel lock washer for locking the fastener, such as bolts and / or nuts. 24. Деталь по п.23, отличающаяся тем, что стопорная шайба имеет с одной стороны радиально расположенные зубцы, а с другой стороны упоры. 24. The item according to item 23, wherein the lock washer has radially spaced teeth on one side and stops on the other.
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