RU2009367C1 - Tidal power station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic power engineering. SUBSTANCE: blade 3 and piston pump 4 are mounted on vertical piles 1, 2 under the water level and are made rolling around vertical axes by an articulated joint of the rod of pump 4 and blade 3. Piston pump 4 is connected to hydraulic turbine 5 by compensator 6, the turbine is mounted on a platform over the water level. The working surface of blade 3 is varied by a power hydraulic cylinder. When the power of the tide varies the movable plate of blade 3 moves along a stationary plate on guides by a power hydraulic cylinder increasing or decreasing the working surface of blade 3. EFFECT: improved stability of power station load. 2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to hydropower, and in particular to the use of the energy of the surf stream that occurs on the shores of the seas, oceans and other large reservoirs of natural or artificial origin.

 Known hydroelectric power plants using the energy of the surf stream. The downstream hydroelectric power plants have a platform with movable shields that rotates around the horizontal axis and is located outside this zone and has a building located in this zone, in which vertical air cylinders with pistons are mounted, connected through a collector to an air turbine and an electric generator. The movable end of the platform and the piston rods extending upward are interconnected by several cables (according to the number of cylinders) thrown through blocks located at the ends of horizontal traverses and on vertical posts, to which traverses in their middle part are fixedly mounted below. The racks, in turn, are fortified at the top of the wall of the building closest to the sea. In the initial position, the platform, under the influence of the weight of the pistons, is rotated by a certain angle around the horizontal axis counterclockwise relative to the calm surface of the sea. During the working stroke under the weight of the direct surf flow (roll) that has rolled on it, the platform rotates clockwise, and the pistons in the cylinders rise, compressing the air contained in them, which enters the turbine, causing it to rotate.

 Due to fluctuations in the strength of the surf stream, a building with air cylinders, a turbine and an electric generator should be located at a considerable distance from the water edge when the sea is at rest. The use of very long horizontal traverses for connecting the cables of the turntable and the air cylinders, as well as the possibility of breaking and jamming the cables, reduces the reliability of the surf hydroelectric station. This drawback has been eliminated in surf hydroelectric power plants with turbines operating directly on sea water supplied under pressure from piston pumps driven by the surf stream. The well-known surf hydroelectric power station contains a blade, partially submerged in water, that sways around a horizontal axis and a piston pump located above the water level, a hydraulic turbine and an electric generator. The blade is kinematically connected with the piston of the pump using a shaft mounted on it with a lever and crank. The pump is connected to the sea and a water turbine. Under the action of the direct surf stream (coast), the blade deviates and through the shaft, lever and crank drives the pump. Under the action of the reverse surf flow (rollback), the blade deviates in the opposite direction. The complexity of the kinematic connection between the swinging blade and the piston pump.

 The aim of the invention is to simplify the design and increase the reliability of the surf hydroelectric power station.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in a surf hydroelectric power station containing a blade swinging around a horizontal axis, a piston pump and a hydraulic turbine with an electric generator, the blade and piston pump are located below the surface of the water and are made swinging around the vertical axes.

 The working surface of the blade can be made variable with the help of a power hydraulic cylinder.

 The location of the blade and the piston pump below the surface of the water and making them swing around the vertical axes will simplify the kinematic connection between the blade and the piston pump.

 The implementation of the working surface of the variable blades using a power hydraulic cylinder provides stabilization of the load of the surf hydroelectric power when changing the strength of the surf.

 In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the surf hydroelectric power station in the initial position, the plan; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 is a section BB in FIG. 2; in FIG. 4 - General view of the piston pump, section.

 The downstream hydroelectric power station consists of two vertical supports 1, 2 fixed in the surf zone at a certain distance from each other, to one of which below the water surface is a swinging blade 3 pivotally attached, and to the other, a swinging piston pump 4, whose rod, in turn, is pivotally connected to the blade. A platform is mounted above the water surface on vertical supports 1, 2, on which a hydraulic turbine 5 is mounted, connected by means of a compensator 6 to a piston pump 4, and an associated electric generator 7. The direction of the alignment, in which both supports are located, is perpendicular to the direction of direct and reverse surf flows (roll-over and rollback), prevailing at the installation site of a hydroelectric power station. Vertical supports 1, 2 are designed for articulated mounting under water of a swinging blade 3 and a piston pump 4, as well as mounting above the water of a working platform for installing a hydraulic turbine 5 and an electric generator 7 and are piles of arbitrary cross section, for example round.

 The support 1 for mounting the blades has two pairs of horizontal brackets on the height surface with coaxially arranged holes for swiveling with the corresponding arms of the swinging blade 3, and the support 2 for mounting the piston pump 4 has one pair of horizontal brackets.

 The swinging blade consists of vertically arranged fixed and movable relative to each other plates of a rigid structure and a power hydraulic cylinder 8 and is designed to perceive the pressure of the forward and reverse surf flows and transmit it to the piston pump 4.

 A fixed plate of arbitrary, for example, rectangular shape, in plan, on the one hand, has two horizontal brackets with coaxially arranged holes for swiveling with support 1, and two L-shaped protrusions on the pump side from the top and bottom along the entire length.

 The protrusions serve as guides for the longitudinal movement of the movable plate along the stationary surface and at the same time are the latches from its movement in the transverse direction under the action of gravity, due to which both plates work as a whole under the pressure of the surf flows.

 The movable plate on one side has a horizontal bracket located in the middle in height with a hole for articulating with the piston pump rod 4.

 The power hydraulic cylinder 8 is designed to change the working surface of the swinging blade 3 by longitudinally moving the movable plate and is located on the fixed plate on the side opposite to the piston pump 4. In this case, the power hydraulic cylinder body is attached to the fixed plate of the blade, and the end of the rod with the piston to the movable.

 The piston pump 4 consists of a cylinder 9 with a cover 10, a piston 11 with a rod 12, cases 13, 14 of valve boxes with covers 15, 16, pipelines 17, 18, poppet suction valves 19, 20 and pressure valves 21, 22, springs 23, 24, brackets 25 and pressure manifold 26.

 In the horizontally located cylinder 9, the front end is open and provided with a flange for attaching the cover 10, and on the side surface from the side of the vertical support 2 there is a bracket with a hole for hinging to the support.

 On the side surface of the cylinder from the side diametrically opposite to the bracket, two windows are made for connecting its inner cavity to the valve box bodies 13, 14.

 For mounting the piston 11 with the rod 12 on the cylinder there is a flange cover 10. The rod is passed into the cylinder 9 through an opening with an oil seal located in the center of the cover.

 The cylinder for alternating connection with the sea and drainage of pressurized water to the pressure manifold 26 is equipped with two valve boxes located in the area of the windows.

 The cases 13, 14 of the valve boxes are made in the form of horizontally located rectangular prisms, which have a bottom on the side of the windows, and on the opposite side are open and divided into two equal parts by vertical partitions. The open and closed ends of the housings are provided with flanges for fastening the caps 15, 16 and connecting to the cylinder 9.

 For mounting the suction valves 19, 20, pressure valves 21, 22 and springs 23, 24 in the housings 13, 14 there are flange covers 15, 16.

 All flange connections around the abutment perimeter and vertical partitions from the side of the covers are sealed with elastic gaskets. In the front side walls of the housings 13, 14 to the right of the vertical partitions there is one hole for connecting the valve boxes to the sea, and in the bottom to the inner cavity of the cylinder. Similar holes in the side walls and the bottom are to the left of the vertical partitions and respectively serve to connect the valve boxes using pipelines 17, 18 to the pressure manifold 26 and to drain the pressurized water from the internal cavity of the cylinder 9. The openings in the bottom of the valve box bodies are closed by disk-shaped suction valves 19 , 20 and discharge valves 21, 22.

 The suction valves are pressed against the inlets by means of springs 23, fixed at one end with washers and cotter pins on the valve stems 19, 20, and the other against the bottom of the housing 13, 14.

 The pressure valves are pressed against the inlet openings by means of springs 24 resting on one end of the valve plates 21, 22 and the other on the valve box covers 15, 16.

 Inside the cylinder 9 there is a piston 11, which is fixedly fixed in the middle of the left thickened part of the rod 12 and can be moved back and forth under the action of the swinging blade 3. The thickened parts of the rod on both sides of the piston are stops restricting the movement of the piston 11 in the window area.

 At the end of the right side of the rod 12 there is a thread for fastening and fixing the bracket 25 with two coaxially located holes. The bracket serves to swivel the rod with the horizontal bracket of the movable plate of the swinging blade 3.

Outside the cylinder 9 in the side surface 90 ^of the bracket to the plane of the side surface of the water has a pressure manifold 26 which by a compensator 6 is connected to the water turbine 5 mounted on the work platform.

 The pressure header is designed to collect water under pressure from the inner cavity of the cylinder through pipelines 17, 18 and is a pipe closed at both ends with a discharge pipe located in the area of the bracket in order to minimize rotation angles in the joints of the compensator when the cylinder is swinging around a vertical support 2.

 The compensator is a four-joint pipeline with two end and two intermediate joints.

 The compensator pipes are located at certain angles β and γ, at the tops of which there are intermediate hinges, so that they can rotate around the hinges, changing the angles and at the same time the distance between the end hinges.

 Compensators are used to swivel the pressure head manifold 26 of the piston pump 4 with the hydraulic turbine 5, taking into account the change in the distance between them by the amount of the arc described by the nozzle of the pressure head collector during operation of the breakdown hydroelectric power station.

 The turbine 5 is connected to an electric generator 7, which is designed to produce electricity.

 Hydroelectric power works as follows.

 In the initial position, the movable plate of the swinging blade 3 is partially extended from the fixed plate by an amount equal to half the stroke of the piston of the power hydraulic cylinder; the blade is turned at a certain angle, for example, α / 2, in the direction of the oncoming direct surf stream (coast); the rod 12 of the piston pump 4 is fully extended from the cylinder 9, and the piston 11 is in the extreme right position; the pump, compensator 6 and hydraulic turbine 5 are filled with water.

 When the swinging blade interacts with a moving mass of water, the kinematic energy of the surf is converted into pressure, which rotates the blade around its vertical axis clockwise, and the latter moves the pump piston to the left through the rod to the stop and simultaneously rotates the pump around its vertical axis clockwise with a shift in phase (the angle of rotation of the pump at any given moment is less than the angle of rotation of the blade). In this case, as the pressure increases in the lower part of the cylinder 9, the spring 24 of the pressure valve 22 is compressed, the valve opens and water under pressure through the valve body 14, the pipe 18, the pressure manifold 26 and the compensator 6 enters the turbine 5, causing the rotation of the turbine and associated generator 7. At the same time, in the upper part of the cylinder, under the action of vacuum, the spring 23 of the suction valve 19 is compressed, the valve opens and water from the sea through the inlet in the side wall of the housing 13 of the valve box He steps into the cylinder 9.

 After passing the direct surf flow, the swinging blade 3 is turned through a certain angle, for example, α / 2, in the direction of the incoming reverse surfacing flow (rollback), i.e., the full angle of rotation of the blade is α, the piston pump rod 12 is completely retracted into the cylinder 9 and the piston 11 is in the extreme left position.

 When the swinging blade interacts with a moving body of water, the kinetic energy of the surf is converted into pressure, which rotates the blade around its vertical axis counterclockwise, and the latter moves the pump piston to the right through the rod and at the same time rotates the pump counterclockwise around its vertical axis with a clockwise shift phase (the angle of rotation of the pump at any given moment is less than the angle of rotation of the blade).

 In this case, as the pressure increases in the upper part of the cylinder 9, the spring 24 of the pressure valve 21 is compressed, the valve opens and water under pressure through the valve body 13, the pipe 17, the pressure manifold 26 and the compensator 6 enters the turbine 5, causing the rotation of the turbine and associated generator 7. At the same time, the spring 23 of the suction valve 20 is compressed in the lower part of the cylinder under the action of vacuum, the valve opens and water from the sea through the inlet in the side wall of the valve body 14 of the valve box He steps into the cylinder 9.

 Further, the above cycle is repeated continuously, and the blade 3 and the piston pump swing each around its vertical axis.

 With an increase in the surf force above the calculated one, the moving plate of the swinging blade 3 begins to move inside the fixed plate with the help of a power hydraulic cylinder, the working surface of the blade decreases and vice versa.

 In both cases, the load of the hydroelectric power station stabilizes.

 The location of the blades and the piston pump below the surface of the water and making them swing around the vertical axes can simplify the design and increase reliability.

 The implementation of the working surface of the swinging variable blade using a power hydraulic cylinder stabilizes the load of the surf hydroelectric power station.

 (56) Copyright certificate of the USSR N 1192463, cl. F 03 B 13/12, 1987.

Claims (2)

 1. SURFACE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT, containing a wave receiving blade mounted with a possibility of swinging about an axis, a piston pump and a hydraulic turbine with an electric generator, characterized in that, in order to simplify the design and increase the reliability of the hydroelectric power station, the blade and piston pump are located below the water level and are installed with the possibility of swinging around the vertical axes.  2. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, characterized in that, in order to stabilize the load when the surf force changes, the working surface of the blade is made variable with the help of a power hydraulic cylinder.

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