RU2006661C1 - Tidal power plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering. SUBSTANCE: power plant is mounted on river-side hydraulic structure and has hydraulic turbine coupled to electric generator. Wave-intake with check valves connected to header and hydraulic turbine are installed on water reservoir side upstream of hydraulic structure. Water intake has box-shaped cases with ports in bottoms mounted along structure and submerged in water. Inner spaces of cases are connected in parallel to header through check valves. EFFECT: improved design. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to hydropower, and more specifically, to hydroelectric power plants using the energy of the breaking and reflected waves arising on coastal hydraulic structures, for example, on protective wave breakers of ports located on the shores of seas, oceans and other large reservoirs of natural and artificial origin.

 Known surf hydroelectric station installed on a breakwater, contains a wave receiving device, a hydraulic turbine and an associated electric generator.

 The wave-receiving device is a series of spherical-shaped floats, which are pivotally attached to brackets mounted on a wave-frame moving around.

 The floats operate spring-loaded pistons moving in cylinders, also connected to the frame and equipped with holes for filling them with water and telescopic discharge pipes for supplying pressure water to the turbine.

 The latter is mounted on the crest of a breakwater, and the frame is on its wall facing the open sea.

 In the initial position, the cylinders are filled with water, and the pistons and associated hinges with the help of levers floats are in the extreme left position.

 Under the action of an incident breaking wave, the floats approach the wall of the breakwater and, compressing the water in the cylinders with the pistons, pump it upward through the telescopic pipes to the turbine, which, rotating, drives the electric generator.

 The complexity of the design is due to the presence of spherical floats, levers with hinges, cylinders with spring-loaded pistons, a movable frame with brackets and telescopic discharge pipes.

 The energy of a standing wave, which occurs during the addition of the incident surf and reflected waves, is not used.

 These disadvantages are partially eliminated in the known resonant type device mounted on a breakwater.

 The device contains a wave receiving organ with pipelines and check valves and a turbine with an electric generator. The wave receiving organ is made in the form of a platform mounted on horizontal guides with a pendulum, the upper part of which is connected to the spring on one side and to the double-acting piston pump rod pivotally attached to the platform.

 When a standing wave occurs, the pendulum deviates, compressing the spring, and at the same time moves the piston of the pump, from which water under pressure enters the turbine.

 When the standing wave disappears, the pendulum returns to its original position under the influence of a spring, and a second working stroke takes place in the piston pump.

 To allow the pendulum to move when the incident wave length changes, the wave receiving organ is connected to the hydraulic cylinder.

 The possibility of jamming the pendulum reduces reliability, and the presence of moving parts in the wave receiving organ complicates the design of the device.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the reliability of the surf hydroelectric station and the simplification of its design.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that in a known surf hydroelectric power station installed on a coastal hydraulic structure containing a hydraulic turbine with an electric generator and installed in front of the hydraulic structure from the reservoir side, a wave receiving organ with pipelines and non-return valves connected to the hydraulic turbine is used as a wave receiving organ at least two box-shaped enclosures installed along the hydraulic structure submerged under the water level with windows in the bottoms, while Other body cavities are connected in parallel to the manifold via check valves.

 Box-shaped cases can be made movable using hydraulic cylinders.

 The use in the wave receiving organ of several box-shaped cases submerged under the water level with windows in the bottoms makes it possible to increase the reliability of the surf hydroelectric power station.

 The exclusion of moving parts from the wave receiving organ makes it possible to simplify the design of the surf hydroelectric power station.

 The implementation of the box-shaped bodies movable with the help of hydraulic cylinders allows for the regulation and stabilization of the load of the surf hydroelectric power station when the wave strength changes.

 In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a surf hydroelectric power station in plan; in FIG. 2 is a section AA in FIG. 1.

 The bottom hydroelectric power station contains a breakwater 1 (existing), box-shaped bodies 2, 3 with stops 4, frames 5 and hydraulic cylinders 6, pipelines 7, 8, check valves 9, 10, expansion joints 11, a collector 12 and a hydraulic turbine 13 with an electric generator 14.

 The wave breaker 1 is an existing seaport protective wave breaker, which is being built to protect the waters of raid berths, approaches to canals and locks, or another coastal hydraulic structure from wind waves.

 The wave breaker serves for the formation of a standing wave, fastening with a certain step along the length on the part of the wave breaker of the box-shaped buildings 2, 3 located on the open sea side and installing a hydraulic turbine 13 with an electric generator 14 on it.

 Box bodies 2, 3 are designed to convert the kinetic energy of a standing wave into hydrostatic pressure of water and are made in the form of elongated hollow bodies of rectangular cross section closed at both ends and immersed under the water level.

 The adopted shape of the hulls eliminates their accidental rotation in frames 5 around the horizontal axis under the influence of incident surf and reflected waves.

 In the bottom of the box-shaped housings 2, 3, on the side of the wave breaker 1, there is a rectangular window for the passage of a standing wave located between the U-shaped brackets of the frames 5, and on the opposite side, in the middle, there is an opening for the removal of pressurized water through pipelines 7, 8, check valves 9 , 10, compensators 11 and a collector 12 into a hydraulic turbine 13 with an electric generator 14.

 Above and below, outside, on the side of the rectangular window, stops 4 are attached to the bodies, which, abutting the frames 5, prevent lateral displacement of the box-shaped bodies 2, 3 along the breakwater 1 under the influence of the surf and at the same time serve as guides when moving them with the help of hydraulic cylinders 6 perpendicular to the wave breaker for regulation and load stabilization when changing the strength of the waves.

 On the side walls of the casings, in the middle, on the side opposite to the breakwater 1, there are protrusions with holes for articulating with the rods of the hydraulic cylinders, with the help of which the box-shaped casings 2, 3 can be moved back and forth.

 The cases are arranged along the length of the breakwater with a certain step, which minimizes the pulsation of the water pressure in the collector 12 as a result of successive operation and automatic shutdown of the box-shaped bodies 2, 3 as the standing wave moves along the breakwater.

 Frames 5 are used for the fixed attachment of the hulls in the zone of formation of the standing wave formed on the breakwater 1 from the open sea, and the possibility of moving the box-shaped hulls 2, 3 perpendicular to the wave-breaker for regulating and stabilizing the load of the hydroelectric power station.

 Each frame consists of two U-shaped brackets located in the vertical plane, which are fixed on one side in the breakwater 1 and, on the other, interconnected by longitudinal bonds and form a rigid spatial structure.

 In the middle of the middle longitudinal connection to the frame 5, the housing of the hydraulic cylinder 6 is hinged.

 The distance between the brackets is slightly greater than the distance between the stops 4 available on the box-shaped housings 2, 3, and the height of the brackets in the light is slightly greater than the height of the housings to allow the latter to be moved along the frames 5 using hydraulic cylinders.

 The articulated connection of the hydraulic cylinders 6 with the frames 5 and their rods - with box bodies 2, 3 prevents the cameras from skewing in the U-shaped frame brackets during movements.

 Non-return valves 9, 10 are installed on the pipelines 7, 8 so that water is passed only in the direction from the box-shaped bodies 2, 3 through the manifold 12 into the turbine and are designed to continuously supply water to the turbine 13, regardless of which housings are currently under exposure to a standing wave, as well as preventing spontaneous emptying of the system when stopped.

 The collector 12 is used to collect water under pressure coming from the box-shaped bodies 2, 3, and supply it to the hydraulic turbine 13 and is a pipeline laid along the bottom of the sea under the bodies along the wave breaker 1 with pipes in the upper part, through which it is connected through the compensator 11 with check valves.

 Compensators are designed to compensate for the reciprocating movements of the box bodies 2, 3 and the pipelines 7, 8 and check valves 9, 10 fixedly connected to them relative to the collector 12 when regulating and stabilizing the load of the hydroelectric power station.

 Compensators 11 are three-hinged pipelines located in a vertical plane with two end and one intermediate hinges.

 The pipes of the compensators are located at a certain angle α, at the top of which there is an intermediate hinge, so that they can rotate around the hinge, changing the angle and at the same time the distance between the end hinges.

 In order to completely convert the kinetic energy of the standing wave and the efficient operation of the hydraulic turbine, 13 bottoms of the box-shaped bodies 2, 3 are submerged under the water level to a depth equal to the height of the calculated breaking wave, and the hydraulic turbine is installed on the breakwater 1 below the crest of the emerging standing wave.

 The collector 12 is connected to the hydraulic turbine using a vertical pipe.

 The turbine 13 is connected to an electric generator 14, which serves to generate electricity.

 Hydroelectric power works as follows.

 In the initial position, all the equipment except the surface of the breakwater 1 and installed on it a hydraulic turbine 13 with an electric generator 14 is submerged under the water level in a calm state of the sea and filled with water.

 The water pressure in the box-shaped housings 2, 3 is equal to the external hydrostatic pressure at the depth of installation of the boxes.

 The rods of the hydraulic cylinders 6 are half extended, and the box bodies 2, 3 connected to them do not reach the wall of the breakwater by the same distance.

 The check valves 9, 10 are closed under the pressure of the water located in the hydraulic turbine 13 and the vertical pipe.

 In the process of addition of the incident wave and reflected from the wave breaker 1, a standing wave arises in the area of the box body 2 and the mass of water begins to rise at a speed that decreases with distance from the wall of the wave breaker.

 Encountering a rectangular window in the bottom of the box-shaped case on the side of the breakwater, a standing wave passes inside the closed case 2, as a result of which the high-pressure water pressure is converted to a pressure exceeding the pressure in the box-shaped case 3, which is equal to the external hydrostatic pressure at the installation depth.

 Under the action of a differential pressure, water through a special hole in the bottom of the box-shaped body 2 passes into a horizontal pipeline 7, opens a check valve 9 and through a compensator 11, a collector 12 and a vertical pipeline enters the turbine 13, causing the rotation of the turbine with an electric generator 14.

 At this time, the check valve 10 continues to remain in the closed position, since the pressure in the manifold 12 is greater than in the box-shaped housing 3.

 As the standing wave moves along the wave breaker 1 from the zone of the housing 2 to the zone of the housing 3, the upward mass of water passes into the housing 3, where the high-pressure water head is converted to a pressure exceeding at some point in time the pressure in the box-shaped housing 2, which is determined by the decreasing standing pressure waves and when it disappears, it becomes equal to the external hydrostatic pressure at the depth of the installation.

 Under the action of a pressure differential, water passes through a special hole in the bottom of the box-shaped body 3 into a horizontal pipe 8, opens a check valve 10 and through a compensator 11, a collector 12 and a vertical pipe enters the turbine 13, causing the rotation of the turbine with an electric generator 14.

 Further, the above cycle is repeated continuously.

 When the calculated wave strength changes in the direction of increasing or the need to reduce the load of the hydroelectric power station, the rods of the hydraulic cylinders 6 begin to be retracted inward, the angle α between the movable pipes of the compensators 11 increases, the box bodies 2, 3 move away from the wall of the wave breaker 1, the velocity head of the mass of water entering the bodies, decreases, pressure drops and vice versa.

 In both cases, regulation and stabilization of the load occurs.

 The implementation of the wave receiving organ in the form of at least two box-shaped enclosures immersed beneath the water level with windows in the bottoms with parallel connection of the enclosures to the pipeline manifold via check valves increases the reliability of the operation of the hydroelectric power station.

 The exclusion of moving parts from the wave receiving organ simplifies the design of the surf hydroelectric power station.

 The implementation of the box-shaped bodies movable with the help of hydraulic cylinders makes it possible to regulate and stabilize the load of the surf hydroelectric power station when the wave strength changes. (56) U.S. Patent No. 4,400,940, cl. F 03 B 13/12, publ. 1983.

Claims (1)

 SURFACE HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT, installed on the coastal hydraulic structure, containing a hydraulic turbine with an electric generator and installed in front of the hydraulic structure on the side of the reservoir, a wave receiving organ with pipelines and non-return valves connected to the collector and hydraulic turbine, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability in the operation of its hydroelectric power station and structures, the wave receiving body is made in the form of at least two, installed along the hydraulic structures, immersed s under the water level of the box body with windows at the bottoms, wherein the interior of the housing are connected in parallel to a manifold through check valves.

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