RU200059U1 - PORTABLE FOREST FIRE EXTINGUISHING UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

A portable installation for extinguishing forest fires, including a tank for a fire extinguishing liquid (OTZ), a source of compressed gas for ejecting OTZ, a system for supplying OTZ to the target, while a replaceable compressed air cylinder is used as a source of compressed gas, which is attached with clamps to tanks for coolant with a lid, and an air hose from a compressed air cylinder through a reduction gear is attached to the lid by means of a quick-disconnect connection (BRS), while the BRS assembly is made in the form of a double for connecting a rescue device in the event that a fire-fighting user gets into an unsuitable area for breathing.

Description

The development relates to knapsack, mobile water sprayers of a wide spectrum of action and can be used: as a knapsack forest fire extinguisher; to protect plants when spraying fields and plantations from pests and diseases; for sanitizing people, equipment, premises and buildings; for uniform application of fire retardant and antiseptic components on the surface during finishing work in construction, repair, leakage of toxic (poisonous) substances.

Known invention - knapsack forest fire extinguisher (hereinafter - RLS) (see patent No. 2097081 A62C015 / 00, A62C005 / 00, Publ. 27.11.1997). The fire extinguisher contains a container for liquid and a manual piston pump (hydraulic control panel), connected by a line.

Disadvantages: high labor intensity of the user when working with the hydraulic control unit, as a result of this, about 50% of the fire extinguishing liquid does not get through the combustion center.

Also known is the invention - a motorized knapsack fire extinguisher containing a frame, a container, an internal combustion engine, a hydraulic pump, a pressure hose of a hydraulic pump, a suction hose of a hydraulic pump, a spray barrel (see RF patent for PM No. 131631 dated August 27, 2013).

The disadvantages of this fire extinguisher are: additional noise from the engine operation, the presence of a container of flammable liquid - all this increases the risks of the user's safe work; increases the complexity of operation and maintenance of the structure.

The closest in technical essence is the invention "Portable fire extinguishing system and liquid spray" (see patent RU No. 2254155 A62С 31/02 dated 20.06.2005). It consists of a container with a liquid intended for fire extinguishing, a compressed air cylinder, a pressurized liquid supply system and a liquid atomizer connected through a supply pipeline to the container.

The disadvantages of this installation are the high consumption of fire-extinguishing liquid, the complexity of the design and high mass and size characteristics of the sprayer.

Modern knapsack forest fire extinguishers are designed to eliminate foci of burning ground fires. The combustion front can reach tens, hundreds of kilometers. The use of heavy equipment is very limited. Fighting such fires is carried out by small groups of firefighters, who are armed with knapsack forest fire extinguishers as the main means of extinguishing. Often, the situation on a fire develops in such a way that fire fighters find themselves in conditions of dense smoke (an environment unsuitable for breathing). The result is injury to the respiratory system and the death of firefighters.

The technical result of the utility model is the inclusion in the proposed version of a portable installation for extinguishing forest fires of safety elements of its user.

To achieve the technical result, it was necessary to solve the problem of increasing the reliability and efficiency of operation (optimal placement of components, optimization of the technical characteristics of the installation) of liquid sprayers when extinguishing forest ground fires.

The problem is solved by the fact that a portable installation for extinguishing forest fires (hereinafter referred to as UTLP) includes a container for a fire extinguishing liquid (hereinafter referred to as OTZH), a source of compressed gas for the release of OTZ, a system for supplying OTZ to the target. As a source of compressed gas, a replaceable compressed air cylinder is used, which is fastened with clamps to a container for coolant with a lid, and an air hose from a compressed air cylinder is attached to the lid using a quick disconnect connection (BRS) through a reduction gear. The container with the cylinder is installed on a portable suspension system of a compressed air breathing apparatus (DASV), which is a rigid platform (back) with a system of belts (shoulder, end, waist, belts for attaching the container), and for targeted spraying of OTZh there is a flexible sleeve (hose ), the formation of a jet and the supply of a certain amount of OTZ are regulated by changing the position of the nozzle, as well as by pressing the trigger bracket of the spray barrel, moreover, a double BRS is built into the design of the air duct system for connecting a rescue device (protective mask) in the event of a user (fire fighter) entering the zone unfit for breathing.

In the proposed version of the installation for extinguishing forest fires, the following classification positions are assumed:

- by the nature of the release of the extinguishing liquid - cyclic (periodic) action;

- according to the principle of creating excess gas pressure to displace the OTZ - with a compressed gas cylinder;

-by type of extinguishing agent - water;

- according to the method of organization and characteristics of the supply of fire extinguishing agent - directed release;

- according to the version of the body - with a non-destructive body.

The practical significance of the proposed installation is to increase the level of user safety (the ability to connect to the air duct system of the installation through a double BRS of a hood-type rescue device or a full-face mask) in the event it enters the zone of complete smoke; the efficiency of extinguishing forest ground fires by reducing the labor intensity when supplying SLF to the combustion zone and optimizing its consumption; the possibility of spraying water or aqueous solutions of various preparations for degassing and decontamination; simplicity of design (tank for coolant, compressed air cylinder, suspension system, spray barrel). For storage of waste liquid, a container made of stainless steel or of another lighter material that can withstand operating overpressure is used. For the convenience of transporting the UTLP, a standard harness from a breathing apparatus with compressed air is used, where wide and soft shoulder, waist belts evenly distribute the load throughout the user's body; quick actuation - open the cylinder valve, press the trigger.

FIG. 1 shows a portable installation for extinguishing forest fires. The main element of the UTLP is a tank for coolant 1. In the upper part of the tank there is a threaded hole for pouring coolant, into which cover 2 is screwed with a quick-disconnect sleeve welded into it for connecting a quick-release coupling of a twin 8. To the upper part of the tank 1, using a clamp 3, a reducer is fixed 6, which is connected through the air hose 7 to the twin 8. Outlets of the twin 8 are made in the form of two couplings of the quick couplers, located at an angle of 90 ° relative to each other. One coupling of the quick coupler is connected to the sleeve of the quick coupler of the cover 2. The second coupling is designed to connect a hood-type rescue device (protective mask) in case the user (fire fighter) gets into the area of complete smoke. For storage and transportation of compressed air, a small-capacity, metal-composite cylinder 5 with a built-in pressure gauge is used. The cylinder 5 in its lower part is attached to the container 1 by means of a clamp 4. The upper part of the cylinder (valve) is connected to the reducer 6. Such an arrangement of the cylinder is convenient: for visual control of the pressure using a pressure gauge built into the valve; opening and closing the valve; maximum shortening of the length of the air hose 7 connecting the reducer 6 with the sleeve of the quick-release lid 2. For the formation and direction of the coolant jet into the combustion zone, the spray gun 10 is used, which is connected to the tank 1 by the pressure hose 9. The degree of spray spray is regulated by turning the nozzle of the spray gun. The container 1 with the cylinder 5 is fixed on the standard harness 11 of the breathing apparatus with compressed air using two belts 12.

The harness consists of a composite ergonomic back, to which belts (waist, shoulder, end, for attaching the container) are attached. The asymmetry of the center of gravity of the installation relative to the vertical axis is compensated for by the modern ergonomic harness 11, where the load is distributed evenly over the entire body of the user using belts.

When a user (fire fighter) enters a zone of complete smoke or a toxic environment, the proposed installation has the ability to connect the user to the airway system (Fig. 2) using a hood-type rescue device (protective mask) (Fig. 3). FIG. 2 shows a part of the air duct system of the proposed installation, which consists of a twin 8, consisting of two couplings of quick couplers located at an angle of 90 ° relative to each other, an air hose 7 and a reduction gear 6.

One of the couplings of the BRS twin 8 engages with the sleeve of the container lid (Fig. 1), creating an overpressure in it. The second coupling of the BRS twin 8 is connected to the BRS bushing 13 of the rescue device (protective mask) (Fig. 3).

FIG. 3 shows a hood-type rescue device, which consists of a quick coupling 13 sleeve with a dispenser, an air hose 14 and a hood 15. If an environment unsuitable for breathing appears around the user (fire fighter), it is necessary to remove the rescue device from the bag, connect the quick coupling 13 to the twin coupling 8 ( Fig. 2), put the hood 15 on your head, leave the smoky (gassed) area, or wait until the smoke (gas) dissipates.

FIG. 4 (photo) shows a manufactured and experimentally tested installation. The tests carried out have shown the efficiency of the structure and its applicability.

Before using the UTLP for its intended purpose, it is necessary to connect the compressed air cylinder 5 to the container 1: the upper part (valve) of the cylinder 5 is connected to the reducer 6, the lower part is fixed with a clamp 4 to the container 1. Unscrew the cap 2 from the container 1, fill in the fire extinguishing liquid, screw cover 2. Connect the coupling of the quick coupler of the double 8 with the bushing of the quick coupler of the cover 2. Put the UTLP on the user. Fit the belts. Open the valve of the cylinder 5. Air from the cylinder 5 through the reducer 6 with a decrease in pressure through the hose 7 through the double 8 enters the cavity of the container 1, exerting pressure on the OTZh. Direct the spray gun 10 towards the target. Press the trigger guard of the spray gun 10. OTZ is supplied through the pressure hose 9 to the spray barrel 10. By turning the nozzle of the spray gun 10, adjust the degree and angle of the OTZ jet plume. The diameter of the nozzle opening of the spray gun barrel 10 is made for the most optimal consumption of OTZ in accordance with the average estimated indicators of the development of forest ground fires. To extinguish foci with a higher intensity of combustion, it is necessary to disconnect the elbow from the nozzle of the spray gun barrel 10, as a result of which the OTZ flow rate increases to 11 liters per minute. After removing the force from the trigger bracket, the valve closes and the supply of coolant is stopped.

For optimal consumption of air from the cylinder 5 for displacement of the aqueous solution from the tank 1, the pressure readings should be determined using the pressure gauge built into the cylinder 5. For the effective operation of the UTLP, about 30-35 atmospheres are needed to displace about 17 liters of water. Then it is necessary to close the valve of the cylinder 5 and displace the OTZ with the residual amount of air that is in the tank 1. Thus, one cylinder with compressed air is enough for several refueling of the tank 1 with fire extinguishing liquid.

The advantage of UTLP over the existing knapsack forest fire extinguishers:

- the ability to connect to the air duct system of the installation of its user (fire fighter) in case of his getting into an area of high concentration of smoke or toxic substances, which significantly reduces the risk of injury and death of fire fighters;

- safety and ease of operation of UTLP, in contrast to RLS with flammable liquids;

- the possibility of using one cylinder with compressed air for several cycles of refueling with fire extinguishing liquid;

- filling the tank with water is possible at the work site in the shortest possible time;

- the amount of water at the outlet of the spray barrel is at least 99% of the mass of water in the tank;

- reduction of the user's labor intensity (in contrast to the radar control system with a hydraulic control unit) when supplying OTZh to the combustion zone;

- ease of carrying - a standard ergonomic harness from a breathing apparatus with compressed air is used;

- the possibility of spraying water or aqueous solutions of various preparations for degassing and decontamination;

- quick actuation - open the cylinder valve, press the trigger;

- when using UTLP, operation requires minimal costs.

The listed capabilities associated with multifunctionality allow the use of UTLP in various areas of the national economy.

Claims (3)

1. A portable installation for extinguishing forest fires, including a container for a fire extinguishing liquid (OTZH), a source of compressed gas for the release of OTZ, a system for supplying OTZ to the target, characterized in that a replaceable compressed air cylinder is used as a source of compressed gas. with the help of clamps to the container for OTZh with a lid, and to the lid with the help of a quick-disconnect connection (BRS) an air hose from a cylinder with compressed air is attached through a reduction gear, while the BRS assembly is made in the form of a double for connecting a rescue device in case of a fire-fighter user into an area not suitable for breathing. 2. Portable installation for extinguishing forest fires according to claim 1, characterized in that the container with the cylinder is installed on a portable suspension system of a compressed air breathing apparatus (DASV), which is a rigid platform-back with a system of belts: shoulder, end, waist, belts for fastening the container. 3. A portable installation for extinguishing forest fires according to claim 1, characterized in that there is a flexible hose for targeted spraying of OTZ, and the formation of a jet and the supply of a certain amount of OTZ is regulated by changing the position of the nozzle, as well as by pressing the trigger bracket of the spray barrel.

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