RU195248U1 - DETONATOR CAPSULE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a class of detonators with high accuracy of electronic delay, in which the electromechanical energy converter provides power to the electronic unit. Detonators of this class are used in shock-wave tube-based non-electric blasting systems for blasting in the mining industry. The proposed detonator capsule has stable power from an electromechanical voltage generator, independent of the technological spread of the shock wave, and with an increased delay accuracy of up to ± 0 , 01%, in addition, it has increased mechanical rigidity of the entire structure. This is achieved by the fact that the detonator capsule includes an electromechanical transducer Energy containing a coil with a channel for the passage of a magnetic armature, from one end of which there is a stopper, a shock wave tube, a detonator sleeve containing a primary and secondary explosive, an electronic unit containing a delay countdown timer, non-volatile delay memory, a comparison device, a power a key controlled by a comparison device, an ignitor with a filament bridge and a pyrocomposition, a specialized chip, while the chip is part of the electronic unit, on its crystal an auxiliary RC generator of moderate accuracy and a generator with a low-frequency thymus quartz resonator with the ability to swing at the beginning of the delay by an auxiliary RC generator, a timer for counting the delay, a non-volatile memory device for storing the delay value are placed, and a cartridge with a powder charge is installed from the other end of this coil the pressed-in magnetic anchor, the shock-wave tube joins the ignition hole of the cartridge, in addition, the electromechanical and electronic components of the integ ovany in a single steel case. 2 ill.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to means intended for blasting. The invention relates to a class of detonators with high accuracy of electronic delay, in which the electromechanical energy converter provides power to the electronic unit. Detonators of this class are used in shock-wave tube-based non-electric blasting systems for blasting in the mining industry.

Known capsule-detonator (RF Patent No. 2349867 "CAPSULATOR-DETONATOR WITH ELECTRONIC DELAY"), comprising a housing in which an igniter, an electronic explosive delay assembly, primary and secondary explosives, an initiation assembly and a sensor located in front of the electronic delay assembly are located the sensor is configured to convert a pulse from the initiation source and transmit it to the electronic delay unit, which is programmed for a certain delay time, in which the sensor is configured to include niya electronic delay unit in the form of a photosensor or temperature sensor. The delay time for this capsule is set during its manufacture.

The main disadvantage of this detonator capsule is that it is functional only when using galvanic power sources. The named galvanic power sources have a limited temperature range of operation and a short shelf life, and the detonator capsule with a constantly active power source is dangerous during transportation and preparatory work.

In addition, a detonator capsule is known (RF patent No. 2497797 "ELECTRONIC SLOW DETONATOR FOR SHOCK WAVE TUBE (UHT)"), comprising an electromechanical energy converter operating from a UHT gas exhaust and an electronic unit providing delay. The coil of the electromechanical converter is partitioned. Sections are included in a counter way. According to the authors of the patent, such an inclusion minimizes the inductance of the coil, which favorably affects the completeness of charging the storage capacitor. The detonator capsule electronic assembly contains: a rectifier, storage capacitors, a linear regulator, a processor, a filament bridge with a pyrosotav, a power switch for igniting the pyrosostat, a generator for delay counting, and a temperature sensor for correcting the generator’s temperature drift.

However, the device has significant drawbacks. The use of UVT exhaust in the electromechanical converter as the working fluid does not ensure the stability of the converter output voltage. Due to the technological spread, the energy of exhaust of the UHF can vary within ± 50%. This, in turn, can lead both to a lack of voltage on the supply capacitor, and to overvoltage. Voltage instability is one of the causes of detonator failure. Using an RC generator as a time generator does not allow working out the delay with an accuracy better than ± 0.1%. This is due to the phase flicker noise inherent in RC oscillators. In addition, temperature compensation for frequency drift involves an individual calibration of each product, which is very costly in terms of technology.

Also known is a detonator capsule, which is the prototype of the proposed device (PCT / RU 2015/000266, WO / 2016/171581 "BLASTING CAP"). In the prototype, the electromechanical converter is a plastic coil with a copper winding and with a coaxial channel inside the coil. The channel serves for the passage of the magnetic anchor. Inside the channel there is a magnetic anchor, which in the initial state is held by a ferromagnetic washer fixed from the end of the coil. The opposite end of the coil is deaf and serves to hold the anchor after it passes through the coil. Directly to the blind end of the coil is adjacent an electronic delay unit with an igniter. The findings of the copper winding are connected to the electronic unit. Electromechanical and electronic parts are combined into a single unit using a special plastic shell. The assembled device is placed in the sleeve of the detonator capsule, in which the primary and secondary explosives are located. On the side of the sleeve of the sleeve is inserted UVT with a sealing plug. UVT with a sealing plug is fixed by a crimp. The electronic node of the prototype has features: a sinusoidal RC generator (for counting the delay) and a high-frequency, high-precision crystal oscillator.

A crystal oscillator is used to calibrate the RC oscillator at the start of the delay countdown.

However, the prototype has several disadvantages. The use of the exhaust energy of UVT for accelerating the armature does not provide stability at the output of the electromechanical converter. Using an RC generator to count the delay does not allow accuracy to be better than ± 0.1%, even after careful calibration. In addition, the plastic shell used in the prototype does not provide the necessary rigidity of the entire structure and weakly protects against dynamic shock during exhaust air-blast.

The objective (technical result) of the proposed utility model is the creation of a detonator capsule with stable energy of an electromechanical voltage generator, independent of the technological variation of the shock-wave equipment, and also with an increased delay accuracy of up to ± 0.01%, in addition, the proposed detonator capsule has increased mechanical rigidity of the whole designs.

The problem is achieved in that in the known capsule detonator, including an electromechanical energy converter, containing a coil with a channel for the passage of a magnetic armature, from one end of which there is a stopper, shock wave tube, a detonator sleeve containing a primary and secondary explosive, an electronic unit comprising a delay timer, a non-volatile delay memory, a comparator, a power switch controlled by a comparator, an ignitor with a filament bridge com and a pyro-composition, a specialized microcircuit, a cartridge with a powder charge with a pressed-in magnetic armature is installed on the other end of the specified coil, the shock-wave tube is connected to the ignition hole of the cartridge, and the electronic unit contains an auxiliary RC generator of moderate accuracy and a generator with a low-frequency thrust quartz resonator with the possibility of swinging at the beginning of the delay by an auxiliary RC generator, in addition, the electromechanical and electronic components are integrated into a single steel case.

In FIG. 1 shows a structural diagram of the proposed device. In FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an electronic moderator assembly.

The proposed detonator capsule contains: 1 UVT, 2 - a sealing sleeve, 3 - a detonator sleeve, 4 - a steel moderator case, 5 - a cartridge, 6 - a capillary, 7 - a powder charge, 8 - a magnetic armature, 9 - an electromechanical converter coil, 10 - Stop, 11 - Electronic moderator assembly, 12 - Igniter board, 13 - Igniter with a filament bridge and pyrocomposition, 14 - Primary explosive (BB), 15 - Secondary explosive.

The circuit of the electronic moderator assembly (Fig. 2) contains: a specialized SC chip, a storage capacitor C, a low-frequency thymus quartz resonator Q, an ignitor with a filament bridge and a pyrocomposition IG. On a chip of a specialized microcircuit there are: a rectifier bridge RB, a linear regulator LR, an oscillator OSC1 with a low-frequency thymus quartz resonator Q, an auxiliary RC-oscillator of moderate accuracy OSC2 for pumping a low-frequency thymus quartz resonator Q, a timer TM for counting the delay, non-volatile PROM storage device delay values, CD comparison device, power switch SW. Specialized SC chip is designed for use in the proposed capsule - detonator, using high voltage technology TSMC 0.25 HV. The use of a specialized microcircuit minimizes the number of components on the electronic moderator board.

The acceleration of the magnetic armature in the electromechanical converter is carried out not by the exhaust of the UVT 1, but by a special powder charge 7. The exhaust of the UVT is used only to ignite the powder 7. The calibrated powder suspension is placed in the cartridge 5, into which the magnetic armature is pressed 8. There is a capillary 6 in the cartridge bottom serves as a pilot hole. The diameter of the capillary 6 is selected so that reliable ignition of the powder takes place, and at the same time, the capillary must be small enough to prevent a rapid pressure drop of the powder gases. This solution ensures the independence of the speed of the magnetic armature 8 from the quality of the UVT 1 and the method of pressing it into the sleeve of the detonator 3.

The device operates as follows: after supplying the initiating pulse, the exhaust gas-discharge device through the capillary 6 penetrates the cartridge 5 and ignites the powder charge 7. The powder gases accelerate the magnetic armature 8, which, flying through the channel of the coil 9 of the electromechanical energy converter, induces a bipolar voltage pulse. After the coil span, the anchor is caught by the stopper 10. A voltage pulse through the rectifier bridge RB charges the storage capacitor C. The linear regulator LR reduces the voltage to working for electronic components. Immediately after applying the voltage, two generators start: the OSC1 generator with a low-frequency thymus quartz resonator Q and the auxiliary OSC2. The OSC2 moderate-mode auxiliary oscillator oscillates the low-frequency thymus quartz crystal Q, and then turns off. Next, the delay is counted using the TM timer on the clock of the OSC1 crystal oscillator. The CD comparing device compares the contents of the timer with a delay value stored in the non-volatile PROM memory. When the set delay is reached, the CD comparator opens the power switch SW, which supplies voltage to the ignition filament bridge IG. The igniter pyrocomposition 13, deposited on the filament bridge, ignites and ignites the primary explosive 14, the combustion of which almost instantly goes into detonation, initiating the secondary explosive 15. The delay value in the electronic unit is entered into the non-volatile PROM memory during the testing of the moderator through the PP programming conclusions.

To improve the accuracy of the delay of the explosion in the proposed device uses a low-frequency thymus quartz resonator, which at the beginning of the delay reference is swayed by an auxiliary RC-generator of moderate accuracy. The accuracy of the secondary RC oscillator of moderate accuracy may differ from the resonant frequency of the quartz resonator by ± 2%. The buildup lasts about 500 μs, this is enough to bring the crystal oscillator to operating mode. This approach provides a delay accuracy of the order of 0.01%, while calibrating the auxiliary RC generator of moderate accuracy with an accurate high-frequency generator provides accuracy an order of magnitude worse.

Electronic and electromechanical components are structurally placed in a single steel housing of the moderator 4, suitable for automatic assembly.

This housing 4 is placed in the detonator capsule immediately after the secondary 15 and primary explosive 14, the bottom of the cartridge 5 in the direction of the UHT. UHT 1 with a sealing sleeve 2 is inserted up to the bottom. The UHT with a sealing sleeve is sealed by a crimp.

The use of a generator with a low-frequency thymus resonator for counting the delay allowed to reduce the generator consumption to 1.5-2 μA, and the accuracy of maintaining the delay improved to ± 0.01%. The forced buildup of the thymus quartz resonator when the low-frequency generator is turned on minimizes the time required to reach the operating mode (~ 500 μS). Without forced buildup, the low-frequency crystal oscillator enters the mode in a time of the order of one second.

Acceleration of the magnetic armature with the help of a powder charge stabilizes the speed of the armature and eliminates the dependence of speed on the quality of the shock wave and the method of its closure.

The steel casing, in which the electromechanical and electronic components of the moderator are mounted, reliably protects the moderator from destruction under the dynamic impact of the exhaust gas shock.

Claims (1)

A detonator capsule, including an electromechanical energy converter, comprising a coil with a channel for the passage of a magnetic armature, from one end of which there is a stopper, a shock wave tube, a detonator sleeve containing a primary and secondary explosive, an electronic unit containing a delay timer, non-volatile memory delay device, comparing device, power switch controlled by comparison device, igniter with incandescent bridge and pyrocomposition, specialized microcircuit, from characterized in that the microcircuit is a part of the electronic unit, an auxiliary RC generator of moderate accuracy and a generator with a low-frequency thymus quartz resonator with the ability to swing at the beginning of the delay by an auxiliary RC generator, a timer for counting the delay, a non-volatile memory for storing the value are placed on its chip delays, moreover, a cartridge with a powder charge with a pressed-in magnetic armature is installed on the other end of the specified coil, the shock wave tube is connected to the fuse In addition, the electromechanical and electronic components are integrated into a single steel casing.

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