WO2016171581A1

WO2016171581A1 - Blasting cap

Info

Publication number: WO2016171581A1
Application number: PCT/RU2015/000266
Authority: WO
Inventors: Степан Александрович БОГДАН; Вадим Анатольевич ГРИГОРЬЕВ
Original assignee: САЯПИН, Виталий Викторович
Priority date: 2015-04-24
Filing date: 2015-04-24
Publication date: 2016-10-27

Abstract

Proposed is a blasting cap for use in blasting operations.

Description

CAPSULE - DETONATOR

Technical field

The invention relates to means intended for blasting.

State of the art

Modern technologies for developing mountain ranges with the help of explosion include the so-called short-delayed blasting. This technology provides for the alternate blasting of charged wells drilled in a large, specially prepared mountain range. A common means of ensuring a sequence of explosions is detonator caps with non-electric initiation — using a shock waveguide tube with an internal retarding element. As such an element, a pyrotechnic retardation tube is used, which provides an explosion delay. Capsules with a slowdown are collected in a sequential garland - the so-called surface network. Each capsule is located near the mouth of its own well. After the first detonator fails, after a delay time, the second, then the third, etc. is triggered. The initiating pulse is transmitted to the well using a downhole detonator, which is connected to a surface detonator. The triggered surface detonator transmits an initiating pulse inside the downhole detonator, which in turn initiates a downhole charge. In order for the first exploded well not to destroy the surface network, detonators with retardation are also used in the wells, moreover, downhole retardation is greater than the retardation of surface detonators.

The accuracy of the slowdown using pyrotechnic means is small. Typically, this value is ± 10%. The low accuracy of downhole retardation can lead to disruption of the sequence of well explosions. This leads to the need to increase the specific consumption of explosive materials, to the appearance of so-called oversized materials, the elimination of which requires additional and considerable expenses.

Almost the only way to obtain capsules with high accuracy is the transition to capsules with electronic retardation, which has significantly greater accuracy than capsules with pyrotechnic slowdown. However, electronic slow-release capsules on the market, such as EDEZ, I-kon, Hot / QuickShot, Deltadet, have their drawbacks. Firstly, all of them are electric - in them the initiating signal is fed through electric wires, which is why the use of these capsules requires a higher qualification of the explosive personnel. In addition, a specialized control device is required that performs programming directly on the blasting site, which requires retraining of the blasting personnel and a change in traditional blasting patterns. Secondly, they have a higher cost, several times the cost of capsules with pyrotechnic retardation. For these reasons, the introduction of electronically delayed detonator capsules is slow. In order for a capsule to be quickly introduced, it must be no different from traditional capsules in terms of network installation and handling, or in terms of blasting design. Thus, at present there is a need for a detonator capsule with electronic deceleration and a non-electric initiation system.

Known detonating device containing a housing and placed in it sequentially the charge of the pressed blasting substance, the charge of the blasting substance of bulk density, the charge of the initiating substance and the igniter, which is made in the form of a metal spiral connected to an electronic module consisting of a detection unit connected to a two-wire line, shunted by the first and second diodes from the central device, the first storage capacitor is connected to the first output of the detection unit I am connected to the first input of a microprocessor with a crystal oscillator, also connected to the second input from the connection of the first and second diodes to a two-wire line, to the second output of the detection unit a second storage capacitor is connected, connected to the ignition unit and the first key connected in series, the connection point of which through the divider is connected to the third input of the microprocessor, an additional second key is connected to the second capacity and the control inputs of both keys are connected to the first and second outputs microprocessor, and the microprocessor has an individual identification number programmed in the manufacture of [Russian Patent No. 2147365 IPC F42B3 / 18]. The required deceleration time is programmed immediately before the explosion, and the accuracy of the task time intervals ~ 1 ms, in the range from 0 to 20 s. This device requires highly qualified explosive personnel, as they provide for the management of digital programming and blasting devices.

Known detonator capsule with electronic delay, comprising a housing in which the igniter is located, an electronic explosive delay unit, primary and secondary explosives, an initiation unit and a sensor located in front of the electronic delay unit, the sensor being configured to convert a pulse from an initiation and transmission source its electronic delay unit, which is programmed for a certain delay time, to which the sensor is configured to turn on the electronic delay unit in the form photosensor or temperature sensor [RF Patent N ° 2349867 IPC F42B3 / 10]. The delay time for this capsule is set during its manufacture, which is its undoubted advantage.

The main disadvantage of this detonator capsule is that it is functional only when using galvanic power sources. The named galvanic power sources have a limited operating temperature range and a short shelf life, and a detonator capsule with a constantly active power source is dangerous during transportation and preparatory work.

Known detonator capsule, comprising a sleeve in which an igniter, a primary explosive and a secondary explosive are disposed so that the igniter ignites the primary explosive, from which in turn detonates the secondary explosive, an electronic ignition delay timer for the primary explosive and explosion initiation means associated with said primary explosive ignition delay means, wherein the explosion initiation means with will have a shock wave tube, one end of which is fixed in the input part of the said sleeve, a cylindrical cup mounted coaxially with the shock wave tube and directed towards it by the entrance to its cavity, while a magnetic armature is installed in the cavity of the said cylindrical cup with the possibility of its movement along the axis of the named cylindrical glass, and from the outside the named cylindrical glass covers the inductor [RF Patent 2451896 IPC F42B3 / 16, F42C19 / 12]. The disadvantage of this detonator capsule is the lack of rigidity of the entire structure due to the fact that its nodes are not fixed relative to the sleeve. This negatively affects the accuracy of its operation, since at the moment of arrival of a jet of hot gases there is a displacement of structural parts. Also, its disadvantage is that programming the delay time at the stage of its manufacture requires an additional process step, which increases its cost.

Disclosure of invention

The invention solves the problem of creating a capsule detonator having a high accuracy of operation, and does not require the operation of programming the delay time during its manufacture.

The problem is solved by the fact that the proposed capsule is a detonator, including a sleeve containing an igniter, a primary and secondary explosive, arranged in such a way that the igniter ignites the primary explosive, from the detonation of which the secondary explosive is ignited, an electronic ignition delay timer, the means of initiation an explosion containing a shock wave tube, one end of which is fixed at the entrance to the named sleeve, a gas-dynamic energy converter an electric generator, comprising a housing with a channel in which a magnetic armature is located with the possibility of its movement along the axis of the named channel, which is located coaxially with the shock wave tube, and at least part of the housing of the gas-dynamic energy to electric converter, is surrounded on the outside by an inductor connected with an electronic ignition ignition delay timer, in which a protective cap is installed in the cavity of the sleeve separating the primary and secondary explosives located in its bottom part, while the converter of gas-dynamic energy into an electric and electronic ignition delay timer is combined by a shell that is installed in such a way that it adjoins the protective cap, and the electronic ignition delay timer contains a processor connected to the ignition delay programming bus, a crystal oscillator and low-frequency sinusoidal generator, and the named processor is designed in such a way that the possible values of the ignition delay are recorded his memory in cycles of a quartz oscillator, and the specific value of the ignition delay is set by the named ignition delay programming bus.

The converter of gas-dynamic energy into electric energy can be equipped with a fixing washer made of soft magnetic material for fastening the magnetic armature in an inoperative state.

The gap between the magnetic armature and the channel walls of the gas-dynamic energy to electric converter can be sealed with silicone grease.

The proposed detonator capsule is depicted in FIG. one

It works as follows. The input element of the detonator capsule is the shock wave tube 13. It can be a plastic tube with an external diameter of approximately 3.5 mm and an internal diameter of approximately 1 mm. Fine explosive is deposited on the inner surface of the shock wave tube, for example, by spraying, in an amount of 10-20 milligrams per meter of tube length. When a tube is excited from one end, a shock wave begins to propagate along its axis at a speed of approximately 2000 m / s. The shock wave tube can be excited by means of a detonator capsule, a detonating cord, or a special starting device. When the shock wave reaches the end of the tube, a jet of hot gases is ejected from it. The total (thermal plus kinetic) energy of such a jet is approximately 1 - 2 Joules. A jet of hot gases, falling into the gas-dynamic energy converter into electric one, accelerates the magnetic armature 10 installed in the channel of the body of the named gas-dynamic energy converter into electric 8.

A magnetic anchor 10, flying along the channel axis of the housing 8 of the gas-dynamic energy to electric energy converter, induces an EMF in the inductor 9 covering the named body of the named converter 8 from the outside.

The induced voltage is removed from the terminals of the inductor and fed to the electronic ignition delay timer 7. The approximate voltage waveform at the terminals of the inductor is shown in FIG. 2. The Converter of gas-dynamic energy into an electric and electronic ignition delay timer for the igniter 7 using the shell 6 are docked in a single structural unit, which is located in the sleeve 1 with the primary explosive 3 and the secondary explosive 2. The explosive is placed in the bottom of the sleeve and is separated from the rest of the space the cavity of the sleeve with a protective cap 4. A single structural unit abuts against the protective cap 4, which ensures rigidity of the structure and eliminates the displacement of parts of this evil in time of arrival of hot gas jet.

The gap between the magnetic armature 10 and the channel walls can be sealed with a silicone grease, the viscosity of which weakly depends on temperature. Lubrication eliminates the breakthrough of hot gases in the anchor space, thereby increasing the efficiency of the converter of gas-dynamic energy into electrical energy.

In FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an electronic ignition delay timer, which can be used in the proposed capsule - detonator.

The electronic ignition ignition delay timer contains two generators: one low-frequency 19, for example, with a frequency of 10 kHz, and the other a high-frequency highly stable crystal oscillator 18, for example, 10 MHz, which serves as a calibration for a low-frequency generator. The high-frequency generator is turned on for a short time at the very beginning after the arrival of a jet of hot gases, during this time the low-frequency generator is calibrated, after which the high-frequency generator is turned off, and the delay is processed using the low-frequency generator.

The low-frequency generator 19 is assembled according to the scheme of a sinusoidal generator with

Using an RC frequency drive circuit, such as the Wynn bridge, using a sinusoidal generator to count the delay reduces the delay execution error by two orders of magnitude compared to using a relaxation generator due to significantly lower phase noise.

The processor 24, which is part of the electronic delay timer and calibrates, contains a special delay task bus 25, which contains a number of conclusions, for example, six conclusions. By wiring these conclusions to the "common" circuit or to the power circuit, a delay is set. Using six the outputs can be encoded 64 delay options, the values of which are contained in the matrix storage device, which is part of the processor 24. Thus, the programming of the delay is reduced to one or another version of the PCB layout used for mounting the timer. The indicated 64 values cover the whole range of delays of industrially produced similar products with a pyrotechnic delay.

Special chip 14 is designed for use in the proposed capsule - detonator, using high voltage technology with 0.25 micron technological tolerances.

Referring to FIG. 3 electronic delay timer works as follows.

The voltage pulse generated by the gas-dynamic energy to electric converter is rectified by the rectifier bridge 20 and charges the storage capacitor 15. Through the linear regulator 17, the supply voltage is supplied to all nodes of the microcircuit. Two oscillators are started: a high-frequency quartz 18 with an external quartz resonator 22 and a low-frequency sinusoidal 19. The low-frequency sinusoidal generator 19 has low energy consumption and low phase noise, which is important to ensure the accuracy of the delay. However, the frequency reproducibility of such a generator during production is ± 20%. Therefore, immediately after it is turned on, calibration is performed using a high-precision high-frequency quartz oscillator 18. The stability of the quartz oscillator is provided by an external high-precision quartz resonator 22 and can reach a value of 10 ^" . The crystal oscillator has an increased energy consumption, and therefore turns off immediately after calibration is completed. Possible delay values are recorded. in the processor's masked memory in clock cycles of the crystal oscillator After calibration, the processor 24 recounts of the delay in the clocks of the low-frequency generator.First, the processor 24 reads the status of the delay programming bus 25, performs a delay programming and selects the delay corresponding to the code on the bus 25. The processor counts the delay using a calibrated low-frequency sinusoidal generator 19 and opens the power switch 21, which ignites the igniter 5 . From the igniter 5, ignition of the primary explosive 3 occurs, the detonation of which causes the ignition of the secondary explosive 2. Thus, the capsule detonator explodes.

The described design of the detonator capsule allows to obtain high accuracy when it is triggered and does not require the programming of the delay time during its manufacture.

The accuracy of the operation is ensured by fixing the structural parts at the time of arrival of a jet of hot gases for blasting with both a short delay interval and a long delay interval. The delay time error of such a detonator capsule does not exceed 1 ms.

Capsule - the detonator is completely ready for operation after its manufacture.

It should also be noted that at rest the proposed detonator capsule is not active. It comes into working condition only when an initiating impulse is applied to it, therefore it is safe during storage and transportation and has an almost unlimited shelf life.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a detonator capsule.

In FIG. 2 shows an example voltage waveform at the terminals of an inductor.

In FIG. 3 shows a block diagram of an electronic delay timer. Positions in the figures of the drawings indicate the following:

1 - sleeve detonator capsule;

2 - secondary explosive;

3 - primary explosive;

4 - a protective cap;

5 - igniter;

6 - shell;

7 - electronic ignition ignition delay timer; 8 - the housing of the Converter gas-dynamic energy into electrical;

9 - inductor;

10 - magnetic anchor;

11 - a fixing washer; 12 - sealing sleeve;

13 - shock wave tube;

14 - microcircuit;

15 - storage capacitor;

16 - section of the PCB programming delay;

17 - linear regulator;

18 - high-frequency crystal oscillator;

19 - low-frequency sinusoidal generator;

20 - rectifier bridge;

21 - power key;

22 quartz resonator;

23 - a Converter of gas-dynamic energy into electrical energy;

24 - processor;

25 - bus programming delay.

Industrial applicability

The proposed capsule - detonator can be used in mining, construction industry, military and other sectors of human activity where blasting is necessary.

Claims

Claim

1. Capsule - a detonator comprising a sleeve containing an igniter, a primary and secondary explosive, arranged in such a way that the igniter ignites the primary explosive, from the detonation of which the secondary explosive is ignited, an electronic ignition delay timer, an explosion initiation tool containing shock a wave tube, one end of which is fixed at the entrance to the named sleeve, a Converter of gas-dynamic energy into electrical energy, containing a housing with a channel, which has a magnetic armature with the ability to move along the axis of the named channel, which is located coaxially with the shock wave tube, and at least part of the housing of the gas-dynamic energy to electric converter, is surrounded on the outside by an inductor associated with an electronic ignition delay timer, characterized in that that a protective cap is installed in the cavity of the sleeve that separates the primary and secondary explosives located in its bottom, while the converter of the dynamic gas energy in the electric and electronic ignition ignition delay timer are combined by a shell, which is installed in such a way that it adjoins the protective cap, while the electronic ignition delay timer of the igniter contains a processor connected to the ignition delay programming bus, a high-frequency quartz oscillator and a low-frequency sinusoidal generator, and the named processor is executed in such a way that the possible values of the ignition delay are recorded in its memory in ktah crystal oscillator, and the specific value of the ignition delay is set by the named bus ignition delay programming.

2. Capsule - a detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas-dynamic energy to electric converter is equipped with a fixing washer for the magnetic armature made of soft magnetic material.

3. The capsule is a detonator according to claim 1, characterized in that the gap between the magnetic armature and the channel walls of the gas-dynamic energy to electric converter is sealed with silicone grease.