RU194591U9 - Water tube boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to boiler technology, in particular to water tube boilers, and can be used in heat supply systems of buildings for various purposes. A water tube boiler comprising a housing divided into furnace and convection blocks by a front vertical partition with a gas duct window, as well as supply and return pipe nozzles, the furnace block is formed by front, ceiling, lower and side pipe screens, the lower and ceiling screens are each made of longitudinal pipes and two transverse collectors, while the lower screen is connected to the return pipe and is a cooled grate, the side screens are made of vertical pipes connected to each m screen on the corresponding side, with upper and lower longitudinal collectors, the front screen is made of vertical pipes connected at the bottom and top to the screen collectors, the convection unit contains a set of heat-exchange sections ending with a rear vertical partition in the form of a heat-exchange section with metal strips welded between the pipes and a window for the exit of flue gases, and at least one gas rotary partition in the form of a heat exchange section with metal strips welded between the pipes and the gas window by-pass, heat-exchange sections are located transversely on the path of the flue gas one after another and are a structure in the form of a frame of bundles of horizontal tubes connected by vertical collectors, one of which they are connected mechanically and hydraulically with the upper and lower longitudinal collectors of the boiler sectionally to the left, then on the right side. The bundles of horizontal tubes in the heat-exchange sections have a corridor arrangement, between the pipes of the front, ceiling and side tube screens, between the vertical collectors of the heat-exchange sections of the convection unit, gas-tight inserts made of metal strips are made on the outside of the boiler, the sides of the boiler body have a gas-tight connection, in the collectors shields and heat-exchange sections are made of regulating jumpers. The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase reliability and efficiency.

Description

The utility model relates to boiler technology, in particular to water tube boilers, and can be used in heat supply systems of buildings for various purposes. [F24H 1/00, F28F 1/00, F22B 21/00]

The prior art BOILER WATER RECTANGULAR CROSS SECTION [RU2683337 (C1), publ. 03/28/2019], including the foundation on which the furnace is mounted and the convection unit adjacent to it, the furnace space below is limited by an inclined repulsive furnace grate and equipped with furnace screens made in the form of tube panels hydraulically connected to the corresponding two upper and two lower longitudinal collectors of the boiler, the convection unit is equipped with heat-exchange surfaces containing transversely streamlined tube bundles hydraulically connected to the longitudinal collectors of the boiler, while The firebox and convection unit body are supported on a single support foundation frame and fastened to it, for which the upper and lower longitudinal collectors of the boiler are made as common elements of the furnace and convection unit, in addition, mounted on an inclined repulsive grille, over a section adjacent to the front screen horizontal incendiary arch of heat-resistant, heat-accumulating material, characterized in that the longitudinal parallel upper and lower water collectors of the boiler are made in the form of solid pipes with a length equal to the sum the length of the furnace and convective unit with the possibility of their use as load-bearing beams, the convective unit contains radiant-convective and convective blocks, the heat exchange surfaces of which contain transversely streamlined tube bundles of a checkerboard layout, and the radiant-convective block is formed by the first and second gas-tight fin tubular panels , the first of which is the rear front of the furnace, and the second forms the first wall of the gap between the radiant-convective and convective blocks, in addition, convective unit comprises convective flues formed by the second gas-tight wall of the gap, the intermediate gas-tight finned tube panels and the end panels of the tubular fin contacting with the end wall of the boiler.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the poor preparedness of the design for the use of low-grade fuels.

Also known from the prior art CONVECTIVE UNIT OF A BOILER [RU2570945 (C1), publ. December 20, 2015], containing convective flues provided with heat exchange surfaces containing transversely streamlined tube bundles hydraulically connected to the longitudinal collectors of the boiler, characterized in that the upper collectors of the boiler are communicated by a transverse rectilinear collector located at the rear front of the boiler, while the heat exchange surfaces, placed in convective flues, contain straight transverse streamlined corridor tube bundles, including pairs of cantilever transverse upper and lower collectors, to which are in communication with the corresponding half of the vertical tubes forming vertical convective panels, each transverse cantilever collector communicating via a vertical pipe with corresponding upper or lower longitudinal collectors of the boiler, the convective unit containing a convective radiant duct separated by an inertial deposition chamber of fly ash from convective flue, and the entrance window of the convective radiant flue adjacent to the furnace is located at one of the side walls of the boiler, and its exit window is located at the opposite wall of the boiler, in addition, the convection duct entrance window is located at the side of the boiler, opposite the wall adjacent to the exit window of the convective radiant duct, while the inertial deposition of fly ash is open from below to the ash reception chamber communicated with ash removal channel, moreover, the convective gas duct space is open from below into the ash receiving chambers, the number of which corresponds to the number of channels of this gas duct, in addition, one of the side walls of the convection a clean gas duct is made with a door mounted above the lower longitudinal collector of the boiler, in addition, one of the side walls of each of the ash receiving chambers is made with a door in their lower zone.

The disadvantage of an analogue is the complexity of the design, the non-gas tightness of the outer walls, the non-optimality of the heat removal circuit.

The closest in technical essence is the WATER BOILER [RU2463526 (C1), publ. 10.10.2012], containing a rectangular combustion chamber having combustion and convective heating zones, separated by a front vertical partition with a window on top for the passage of combustion products, front, side, ceiling and lower tubular screens, as well as direct and return pipelines of the heating system, the lower screen is connected to the return pipe, the combustion zone has a grate located at the bottom, and the convective heating zone has transverse front and rear sections consisting of horizontal pipes, and at least at least one rear vertical partition located between the sections and capable of turning the flow of combustion products, characterized in that a grate made of longitudinal pipes is used as the lower screen, the length of the ceiling screen, also made of longitudinal pipes, is equal to the length of the combustion chamber , the side and front screens are made of vertical pipes, the vertical pipes of each side screen are connected together in parallel using the upper and lower longitudinal collectors, and between the pipes of the side screens have metal membranes, each section of the convective heating zone is equipped with at least one pair of additional sections with the formation of front and rear convective blocks, respectively, sections in which are connected in series, horizontal pipe sections are also connected in series, the grate of the screen on the other hand is connected in series with the front screen, which is connected in series with the ceiling screen, and the latter at the exit it is fitted with a transverse ceiling collector dividing the coolant circulation system into two parallel branches, for which the ceiling collector is connected on one side to the front convection unit input and on the other side the rear, the output of each convective unit is connected in series with the lower longitudinal collector of the side screen, and each side the screen through the upper longitudinal collector is connected to a direct pipeline of the heating network, in addition, sections of the opposite convective blocks are staggered, mentioned The first front vertical partition is the front section of the front block, and the mentioned rear vertical partition is the section located behind, for which the pipes of these sections are connected by metal membranes.

The main technical problem of the prototype is its low reliability and low efficiency due to the poor suitability of the boiler design for the use of low-grade fuels in terms of the arrangement of tube bundles in the convection unit, the execution of the side walls of the convection unit, and the indicators of coolant circulation in the boiler.

The objective of the utility model is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase reliability and efficiency when using low-grade fuels.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that the boiler is water-tube containing a housing divided into furnace and convection blocks by a front vertical partition with a gas duct window, as well as pipes of the supply and return pipelines, the furnace block is formed by front, ceiling, lower and side pipe screens, lower and ceiling screens are each made of longitudinal pipes and two transverse collectors, while the lower screen is connected to the return pipe and is a cooled grate, side The screens are made of vertical pipes connected, in each screen on the respective side, with the upper and lower longitudinal headers, the front screen is made of vertical pipes connected at the bottom and top with the screen collectors, while the convection unit contains a set of heat-exchange sections ending with a rear vertical partition in the form of a heat exchange section with metal strips welded between the pipes and a window for the exit of flue gases, and at least one gas rotary partition in the form of a heat exchange section the metal strips welded between the pipes and the flue window, the heat exchange sections are located transversely on the path of the flue gases one after another and are a frame in the form of bundles of horizontal tubes connected by vertical collectors, one of which they are mechanically and hydraulically connected to the upper and lower longitudinal boiler manifolds sectionally from left to right, characterized in that the bundles of horizontal tubes in the heat exchange sections have a corridor arrangement between pipes of the front, ceiling, and side pipe screens, between the vertical collectors of the heat-exchange sections of the convection unit, gas-tight inserts made of metal strips are made on the outside of the boiler, the sides of the boiler body have a gas-tight connection, regulating jumpers are made in the collectors of the screens and heat-exchange sections.

In particular, the gas baffle serves as a front vertical baffle.

In particular, the boiler body is enclosed in a heat-insulating shell and covered with a sheath of metal sheets.

In particular, in the casing of metal sheets, a hatch for cleaning gas ducts is made.

In particular, in the lower part of the housing under the convective block an ash door is made.

A brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a bottom side view of a water tube boiler.

Figure 2 shows a front view of a water tube boiler.

Figure 3 shows a side view of a water tube boiler in a casing.

Figure 4 shows a top view of the lower screen of the boiler tube.

Figure 5 shows a diagram of a hydraulic boiler with a cooled combustion grate.

Figure 6 shows a diagram of a hydraulic boiler on grates, with the parallel connection of a cooled furnace grate, grates or a mechanical furnace.

The figures indicate: 1 - housing, 2 - furnace unit, 3 - convection unit, 4 - front vertical partition, 5 - front screen, 6 - ceiling screen, 7 - lower screen, 8 - side screens, 9 - return pipe, 10 - pipe branch pipe, 11 - upper longitudinal manifolds, 12 - lower longitudinal manifolds, 13 - firebox embrasure, 14 - heat exchange sections, 15 - rear vertical partition, 16 - gas rotary partition, 17 - horizontal bundle tube, 18 - vertical collectors, 19 - inserts from metal strips, 2 0 - control jumpers, 21 - boiler lining, 22 - flue gas cleaning key, 23 - ash removal door.

Implementation of a utility model.

The claimed water tube boiler consists of a rectangular housing 1, divided into furnace 2 and convective 3 blocks with a front vertical partition 4 with a flue window. The furnace block 2 is limited by the front 5, ceiling 6, lower 7 and side 8 pipe screens, the return pipe 9 is connected to the lower screen 7, and the supply pipe 10 is connected to the ceiling 6, the vertical pipes of the side screens 8 are connected, in each screen with the corresponding side, with the upper 11 and lower 12 longitudinal collectors, the front screen 5 is a connection of vertical pipes with transverse screen collectors, the lower of which is the contour of the embrasure of the furnace 13. The convection unit 3 consists of a set of heat of the exchange sections 14, is limited by a rear vertical partition 15 in the form of a heat exchange section with metal strips welded between the pipes and a flue gas exit window, and contains at least one gas rotation partition 16 in the form of a heat exchange section with metal strips welded between the pipes and a gas duct , heat-exchange sections 14 are located transversely on the path of the flue gases one after another and represent a bunch of horizontal tubes 17 arranged along the corridor type, connected in a structure frame view with vertical collectors 18, one of which sections are connected mechanically and hydraulically with the upper and lower longitudinal collectors of the boiler, sectional from left to right, between the pipes of the front 5, ceiling 6 and side 8 pipe screens, the rear vertical partition 15, between vertical collectors 18 of the heat-exchange sections 14 of the convection unit 3, inserts of metal strips 19 are made on the outside of the boiler, and control jumpers 20 are made in the collectors of screens and heat-exchange sections.

Depending on the required speed and volume of flue gases, the aerodynamic properties of the gas-air path, the movement of flue gases can be carried out in several strokes in the convection unit 3.

The claimed technical solution may have several alternative implementations with a cooled furnace grate (see Figure 5), as well as with a parallel connection of the cooled furnace grate, grates or a mechanical furnace (see Figure 6).

The boiler is used as follows.

When fuel is burned in the furnace block 2 of building 1, heat is generated that is absorbed by radiant, radiant-convective heat transfer by the heating surfaces of the front 5, ceiling 6, lower 7, side 8 pipe screens and inserts from metal strips 19, which provide gas tightness of the boiler body, increasing wherein the surface area of the heating, which increases the efficiency of heat use. The flue gases generated during combustion flow from the furnace unit 2 through the gas duct window of the front vertical partition 4 to the convection unit 3 and, passing the gas ducts formed by the gas rotary partitions 16, go through the window for the exit of the flue gases of the rear vertical partition 15 into the atmosphere, when the gases transfer heat through convective heat exchange to the horizontal tubes of the beam 17, the vertical collectors 18 of the heat exchange sections 14, while the corridor arrangement of the horizontal tubes of the beam KA 17 helps to reduce the turbulence of the flow of combustion products, thereby reducing the resistance to their passage through the convective unit 3 and increasing the speed of these products. The perceived heat of the heating surface is transferred to the heat carrier, which enters through the pipe of the return pipe 9 to the collector of the lower screen 7, passes through its cavity and, gradually heated, is distributed due to the difference in density and control jumpers 20, sequentially in two parallel ways, passing through the horizontal tubes of the heat transfer beam 17 sections 14, starting from the rear, rising or (and) descending in the vertical collectors 18 passes through the upper 11 and lower 12 longitudinal collectors into the side 8, front 5 and ceiling 6-screw screens, further through the pipe the flow line 10 enters the network.

The corridor arrangement of the horizontal tubes of the beam 17 helps to reduce the turbulence of the flow of combustion products, thereby reducing the resistance to their passage through the convection unit 3 and increasing the speed of these products, which minimizes the loss of ash on the elements of the convective part. At the same time, ensuring the gas-tight design of the boiler using inserts of metal strips 19, in particular between the vertical collectors 18 of the heat-exchange sections 14, helps to reduce heat loss in the convection unit 3, through the side walls, increases the heat-removal surface area.

For the convenience of servicing the convection unit 3, a hatch for cleaning the flues 22 is installed in the casing of the boiler 21, and an ash removal door 23 is made to remove fallen dirt.

The results of the operation of the water-tube boiler showed an increase in the coefficient of use of the boiler for low-grade fuels by 5% and an increase in efficiency by 2.8% due to an increase in the reliability of the thermomechanical part of the boiler, an increase in the efficiency of the circulating circuit of the boiler, and a decrease in heat losses through leaks in the walls due to metal welding strips between pipes on all external sides of the casing, increasing the heat removal efficiency by increasing the heat-absorbing surface area, reducing the time cores by reducing the drift of heat-absorbing surfaces, increasing ease of maintenance.

Thus, the combined effect of using the corridor arrangement of the horizontal tubes of the beam 17, the gas-tight connection of the pipes on the outside of the boiler by welding metal strips 19, the regulating jumpers 20 in the boiler tube system, and the predetermined flow pattern of the heat carrier significantly improved the reliability and efficiency of the boiler when operating on low-grade fuels and brown coals.

In addition, it is provided that the design of the convection unit is varied in terms of the number of flues, the design of the heat-exchange sections 14 to enable the reduction of fuel consumption.

Claims (5)

1. A water-tube boiler containing a housing divided into furnace and convection blocks by a front vertical partition with a gas duct window, as well as pipes for the supply and return pipelines, the furnace block is formed by front, ceiling, lower and side pipe screens, the lower and ceiling screens are made of each of the longitudinal pipes and two transverse collectors, while the lower screen is connected to the return pipe and is a cooled grate, the side screens are made of vertical pipes connected to each m screen on the corresponding side, with upper and lower longitudinal collectors, the front screen is made of vertical pipes connected at the bottom and top to the screen collectors, the convection unit contains a set of heat-exchange sections ending with a rear vertical partition in the form of a heat-exchange section with metal strips welded between the pipes and a window for the exit of flue gases, and at least one gas rotary partition in the form of a heat exchange section with metal strips welded between the pipes and the gas window by-pass, heat-exchange sections are located transversely on the path of the flue gas one after another and are a structure in the form of a frame of bundles of horizontal tubes connected by vertical collectors, one of which they are connected mechanically and hydraulically with the upper and lower longitudinal collectors of the boiler sectionally to the left, then on the right side, characterized in that the bundles of horizontal tubes in the heat exchange sections have a corridor arrangement, between the tubes of the front, ceiling and side tube screens, between have vertical sections of the convective heat exchange headers block on the outer side of the boiler are made gas-tight insertion of the metal strip, the sides of the boiler body have a gas-tight connection between, collectors screens and heat exchanging sections constructed regulating jumper. 2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas rotary partition serves as a front vertical partition. 3. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the boiler body is enclosed in a heat-insulating shell and covered with a sheath of metal sheets. 4. The boiler according to claim 3, characterized in that the hatch for cleaning the flues is made in the casing of metal sheets. 5. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that in the lower part of the housing under the convection unit an ash door is made.

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