RU2463526C1 - Water-heating boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: boiler comprises a rectangular heating chamber with a combustion area and an area of convective heating. In the combustion area there is a fire grate-screen 3 from pipes serially connected at one side with a return pipeline of a network, and at the other side - with front and ceiling screens, and also side screens, pipes of which are connected between each other in parallel to headers. In the convective area a system of coolant circulation is separated with the help of a ceiling header into two parallel branches having a rear convective unit at the left and a front convective unit at the right. Each block comprises in particular three transverse sections. Sections in units are connected between each other serially with the help of isolating partitions. Sections of opposite units are arranged in a staggered order. The output of each convective unit is serially connected with the help of the header with pipes of screens, which on top via the headers is connected to the straight pipeline of the network. To extend the travel of combustion products between horizontal pipes of sections, there are membranes, and above sections - membranes. Screen pipes are also connected by membranes.

EFFECT: higher reliability in operation and expansion of technical capabilities.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of industrial energy, in particular to small-volume hot water boilers operating on solid low-grade fuel (lumpy waste from woodworking and furniture production, firewood, peat, etc.) and generator gas.

A well-known hot water boiler containing a rectangular combustion chamber having a combustion zone and a convective heating zone, the combustion zone is formed by front, rear, side and ceiling tubular screens associated with direct and reverse pipelines of the heating network (see, for example, the description of the patent of the Russian Federation for the invention No. 943493 dated 05.23.1980 g, IPC F24H 1/24).

The disadvantages of this boiler are the design complexity, as well as low productivity and efficiency due to insufficient heat exchange surface.

Also known is a prototype hot water boiler containing a rectangular combustion chamber having combustion and convective heating zones separated by a front vertical partition with a window at the top for the passage of combustion products, front, side, ceiling and lower tubular screens, as well as direct and return pipelines of the heating system, the lower screen is connected to the return pipe, the combustion zone has a grate located at the bottom, and the convective heating zone has transverse front and rear c sections consisting of horizontal pipes, and at least one rear vertical partition located between the sections and having the ability to turn the flow of combustion products (see, for example, the description of the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 25784 of 03/18/2002, IPC F24H 1/00).

A disadvantage of the known boiler is the limited technical capabilities, in particular the inability to use fuel with low calorific value, for example, solid waste from various industries, because in this case, there is a decrease in the productivity and efficiency of the boiler. To create the possibility of economical operation of the boiler with low-efficiency fuel, it is necessary either to burn a larger volume of this fuel for the same period of time, and for this it is necessary to increase the dimensions of the boiler, or to increase the area of its heat-exchange surfaces (screens of the combustion zone and sections of the convection heating zone), as well as the length the path traveled by the combustion products.

In addition, the boiler is not reliable in operation. This is due to the design features of the coolant circulation scheme, in particular, its asymmetric design (the tubular screens of the combustion zone are connected in series so that the water coming from the convective heating zone first falls on the ceiling and front screens, and then on the right side, rear and left side screens and further to the network), which leads to uneven heat load on the side screens, which means uneven heating of the boiler from different sides and increased wear of its walls.

The disadvantages of the boiler are also 1) the irrationality of the design of the nodes (their functional limitations), in particular, the design of the grate cooling device in the form of a screen located under the grate, and the presence in the combustion chamber of partitions intended only to lengthen the path traveled by the combustion products, and 2) the inability to work on generator gas, which also reduces the technical capabilities, because does not allow to work as a part of automated heating systems.

The invention solves the problem of creating an economical small-volume boiler that runs on solid low-grade fuel, while increasing its reliability in operation, as well as expanding technical capabilities.

To solve this problem, in a well-known hot water boiler containing a rectangular combustion chamber having combustion and convective heating zones separated by a front vertical partition with a window at the top for the passage of combustion products, front, side, ceiling and lower tubular screens, as well as direct and return pipelines of the heating system while the lower screen is connected to the return pipe, the combustion zone has a grate located below from the bottom, and the convective heating zone has transverse front and rear sections and consisting of horizontal pipes, and at least one rear vertical partition located between sections with the possibility of turning the flow of combustion products, in accordance with the invention, a grate made of longitudinal pipes is used as the lower screen, the length of the ceiling screen is also made of longitudinal pipes, equal to the length of the combustion chamber, the side and front screens are made of vertical pipes, the vertical pipes of each side screen are interconnected in parallel using of the lower and lower longitudinal collectors, and there are metal membranes between the tubes of the side shields, each section of the convective heating zone is equipped with at least one pair of additional sections with the formation of front and rear convection blocks, respectively, sections in which horizontal sections are connected to each other in series also interconnected in series, while the grate-screen on the other hand is connected in series with the front screen, which is connected in series n with a ceiling screen, and the last one at the outlet is equipped with a transverse ceiling collector dividing the coolant circulation system into two parallel branches, for which the ceiling collector is connected on one side to the front convection unit inlet, and on the other back, the output of each convective unit is connected in series with lower longitudinal collector of the side screen, and each side screen through the upper longitudinal collector is connected to a direct pipeline of the heating network, in addition, sections of the opposite convection units the stakes are staggered, said front vertical partition is the front section of the front block, and said rear vertical partition is the rear section, for which the pipes of these sections are connected by metal membranes.

The length of the side shields is equal to the length of the combustion chamber, the sections of convection blocks are equipped with vertical input and rotary collectors, which are the pipes of the side screens, the horizontal pipes of each section form successively the upper and lower bundles, for which the input manifolds of the sections are equipped with dividing walls in the middle part, and the opposite rotary collectors are equipped with baffles-plugs at the ends, the serial connection of the sections of each convective block is made using the upper and lower longitudinal collectors of the side screen, for which the upper collector is equipped with shutoff baffles in front of the front and rear intake manifolds, and the lower collector is equipped with a similar partition in front of the middle input manifold, while the ceiling collector is connected from above on one side to the upper part of the rear front convection inlet collector block, and on the other - with the upper part of a similar collector of the rear convection block.

The rear vertical partition is the middle section of the rear convection unit.

The boiler is equipped with a generator gas supply pipe located in the side wall of the combustion chamber in the combustion zone.

The ash chamber is equipped with a pipe for connecting a fan.

Design features of the inventive boiler: increasing the area of heat exchange surfaces and lengthening the path traveled by the combustion products (which is achieved by supplying the convective heating zone with additional sections, increasing the area of the ceiling and side screens, and also due to the implementation of side screens and two sections of the convection block of membranes, which in the sections allowed to make partitions that lengthen the path of the passage of combustion products in the convective heating zone, in the form of heat ennyh surfaces), - expanding its technical features and allows a fuel with a low calorific value (including waste furniture and woodworking industries, etc.) while maintaining the performance and efficiency of the boiler without increasing its dimensions..

The presence of a symmetric coolant circulation scheme (which provides for the passage of the flow from bottom to top, first along the grate, then along the front and ceiling screens, i.e., in the center of the combustion zone, and then from above from behind in the convection heating zone, the separation of this stream into two parallel branches and after passage of sections of convective blocks returning to the combustion zone along the side screens and then, after combining from above, into the heating system) ensures uniform heating of the boiler body, which allows using iem simplified design grate cooling device (Implementation lattice tubular function with lower screen) to increase reliability in operation of the boiler.

In addition, the symmetric circulation pattern allows maximum use of the temperature obtained inside the boiler, as the heated coolant passes the combustion zone twice: at the beginning and at the end of the cycle. Heat loss is also eliminated by the implementation of partitions in the form of heat exchange surfaces.

Another advantage of the boiler is the prevention of the possibility of boiling water in the pipes of sections of convective blocks due to the serial connection of the upper and lower bundles of horizontal pipes of the sections and the serial connection of sections in convection blocks, which lengthens the path traveled by the coolant, and hence the time of its heating.

Providing the boiler with a pipe for connecting to a gas generator also expands its technical capabilities, as creates the conditions for work as part of automated heating systems.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig.1 is a General view of the boiler, a longitudinal section (the grille is partially removed from the back, the dashed line indicates the direction of movement of the products of combustion), Fig.2 is a diagram of the circulation of water (side screens are apart, pipe sections are not shown, except pipes of the rear section of the rear block, the arrows indicate the direction of movement of the coolant, the letters of the Latin alphabet indicate the vertical collectors of the sections).

The inventive boiler (figure 1, 2) is a rectangular combustion chamber having a combustion zone 1 in front and a convective heating zone 2 in the back.

In the combustion zone 1 below is a grate 3 (FIGS. 1, 2), which is both a lower screen and made in the form of steel pipes for cooling with water entering the boiler. A tubular front screen 4 is connected in series with the grating screen, to which a tubular ceiling screen 5 is also connected in series. On the sides of the combustion chamber there are side tubular screens 6. The length of the ceiling 5 and side 6 screens is equal to the length of the chamber. Pipes of screens 3 and 5 are made longitudinal horizontal, and screens 4 and 6 are vertical.

The tubes of the screens 6 are interconnected in parallel using the upper 7 and lower 8 collectors (Fig.1, 2).

In the convective heating zone 2 (see ibid.), The water circulation system is divided into two parallel branches using a transverse ceiling collector 9 located at the outlet of the ceiling screen 5. In zone 2 (Fig. 2), the parallel branches are two convective blocks (left and right), each of which consists, in particular, of three transversely arranged sections 10 (figures 1, 2). Each block can be equipped with several additional pairs of sections.

Section 10 is made of horizontal pipes, the number of which may be different. The pipes of the sections are grouped into upper and lower bundles and are connected at the ends by vertical collectors 11 and 12 (Fig. 2), which are simultaneously opposite pipes of the side screens 6. The tube bundles of each section are connected in series, for which the collector 11, which is an input (output) ), in the middle part has a dividing wall 13, and the opposite collector 12, which is rotary (designed to rotate the coolant flow up or down), is equipped with top and bottom baffle plugs 14 that separate it from the collectors 7 and 8 of the side screens 6.

In figure 2, the collectors indicated by the letters "a", "b", "c" and "a '", "b'", "c '" are respectively input (output) 11 and rotary 12 collectors of sections of the left convection unit , and the collectors “d”, “e”, “f” and “d”, “e”, “f” ”are similar collectors of sections of the right convection unit.

Each convective block is connected to the ceiling collector 9 through the upper part of the rear section input collector 11, while the lower part of the front section collector 11 of each block is output.

The sections of each block are interconnected in series using the upper 7 and lower 8 collectors of the side shields 6. For this, the collectors 7 and 8 are equipped with partitions 15, which cut off the sections from the collectors and are located on the collectors 7 in front of the front input collectors “c” and “f” and rear input headers “a” and “d”, and on collector 8 in front of the middle input headers “b” and “e”.

The sections of the opposite blocks alternate (staggered), while one of the blocks, in particular the right one, is the front one.

The front section 16 of the front block (FIGS. 1, 2) is simultaneously a front partition separating zones 1 and 2, and one of the rear sections (any section of any block), in particular the middle section 17 of the rear block, is a rear partition that extends the path, passable by combustion products in zone 2, for which there are metal membranes 18 between the pipes of these sections (Fig. 1). Above the front partition 16 there is a window 19 for the passage of combustion products from above, and a window 20 under the rear partition 17 (space under the grill 3) . To lengthen the path traveled by the combustion products in zone 2, the number of rear partitions can be increased.

To increase the surface area of the heating between the pipes of the side shields 6 there are also membranes 21 (Fig. 1).

The output of each convective block through the lower part of the front manifold inlet 11 is connected in series (Fig. 2) with the help of the lower longitudinal collector 8 to the vertical pipes located in the combustion zone 1 of the corresponding side shields 6.

The screens 6 through the upper collectors 7 are symmetrically connected to the straight pipe 22 of the heating network located on top. The return pipe 23 of the network is connected to the grid screen 3.

The combustion zone has (figure 1, 2) a window 24 for supplying solid fuel, as well as (figure 1) an ash chamber 25 with a door. For intensive regulation of the amount of air supplied to the combustion of solid fuel, the ash chamber can be equipped with a pipe 26 for connecting a fan.

The convective heating zone 2 is equipped with a sedimentary chamber at the bottom and a hatch at the top for cleaning the surfaces of the convection block pipes.

To create the possibility of operation of the boiler as part of an automated heating system, it is equipped with a pipe 27 located on the side wall in the combustion zone 1 for connection with a gas generator.

The boiler also has a flue pipe 28 located on top.

The inventive boiler operates as follows.

In the process of burning solid lump fuel (firewood, woodworking waste, etc.) supplied (FIGS. 1, 2) to the combustion zone 1 to the grate-screen 3 through window 24, the front-screen grate 4 is heated (FIG. .1, 2), ceiling 5 screens and located in zone 1 of the front parts of the side screens 6, as well as the front partition section 16.

The combustion products from zone 1 (Fig. 1) enter through a window 19 above the partition 16 into zone 2, where they first go down, passing between the pipes of the next two sections 10, and then, passing under the rear partition 17, rise upward, passing between the pipes of two rear sections. Having completely given heat to the heating surfaces, the combustion products are carried out through the flue pipe 28.

The water circulation system operates as follows. From the return pipe 23 of the heating network (FIGS. 1, 2), chilled water is supplied under pressure to the pipes of the screen grating 3, removes heat from it, preventing burnout, and then, when heated, it flows upstream into the pipes of the front 4 and ceiling 5 screens. Then, using the ceiling collector 9, the water flow is divided in half and (Fig. 2) comes in two parallel ways from above through the input manifolds 11 of the rear (left) and front (right) blocks into the horizontal pipes of sections 10.

Water flows into the rear unit on the left through the upper part of the inlet collector “a” of the rear section, then passes right along the upper bundle of pipes to the rotary collector “a '”, where the coolant flow turns down, returns back along the lower bundle of pipes and through the lower part of the collector “ a ”and the lower collector 8 of the left side screen 6 falls into the lower part of the collector“ b ”of the next (middle) section of the block. Then the water passes through the pipes of the lower beam of the middle section, after turning upward in the collector “b '” through the pipes of the upper beam, it returns back to the upper part of the collector “b” and along the upper longitudinal collector 7 of screen 6 falls into the upper part of the collector “c” of the front section of the block . Water passes along the front section as it does along the back, passing the path to the collector “c”, in which the flow turns down, and returning along the lower beam back to the collector “c”. Through the lower part of the collector “c” and the lower collector 8, water flows into the pipes of the left side screen 6 located in zone 1, rises up and goes through the upper collector 7 to the direct pipe 22 of the heating network.

Similarly, the flow of water passes through the sections of the front (right) convection unit.

The hot water boiler has the ability to work as part of an automated heating installation. In this case, the heating of the water circulating in the pipes of the heat exchange surfaces of the boiler is carried out by the gas coming from the gas generator through the pipe 27 to the combustion zone 1 of the boiler.

The inventive boiler has a small volume, a rational design that determines its reliability, and can efficiently operate on fuel with low calorific value due to the increased area of the heat exchange surfaces and the ability to lengthen the path traveled by the combustion products in the simplest way (increasing the number of rear partitions).

The boiler was manufactured and passed operational tests, according to the results of which we can conclude that it is economical and meets environmental requirements.

Claims (5)

1. A hot water boiler containing a rectangular combustion chamber having combustion and convective heating zones, separated by a front vertical partition with a window at the top for the passage of combustion products, front, side, ceiling and lower tubular screens, as well as direct and return heating pipelines, with the lower the screen is connected to the return pipe, the combustion zone has a grate located below, and the convective heating zone has transverse front and rear sections, consisting of horizontal pipes b, and at least one rear vertical partition located between the sections and having the ability to rotate the flow of combustion products, characterized in that the lower screen uses a grate made of longitudinal pipes, the length of the ceiling screen, also made of longitudinal pipes is equal to the length of the combustion chamber, the side and front screens are made of vertical pipes, the vertical pipes of each side screen are interconnected in parallel using the upper and lower longitudinal manifolds a ditch, and there are metal membranes between the tubes of the side shields, each section of the convective heating zone is equipped with at least one pair of additional sections to form respectively the front and rear convection blocks, the sections of which are connected in series, the horizontal pipes of the sections are also interconnected in series, while the grate of the screen on the other hand is connected in series with the front screen, which is connected in series with the ceiling screen, and the last the outlet is equipped with a transverse ceiling collector dividing the coolant circulation system into two parallel branches, for which the ceiling collector is connected on one side to the front convection unit inlet and on the other side the rear, the output of each convective unit is connected in series with the lower longitudinal collector of the side screen, and each side screen through the upper longitudinal collector is connected to a direct pipeline of the heating network, in addition, sections of the opposite convection blocks are staggered e, said front vertical partition is the front section of the front block, and said rear vertical partition is the rear section, for which the pipes of these sections are connected by metal membranes. 2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the side screens is equal to the length of the combustion chamber, sections of convection blocks are equipped with vertical input and rotary collectors, which are pipes of the side screens, horizontal pipes of each section form a series of upper and lower bundles, for which the input manifolds of the sections are equipped with dividing partitions in the middle part, and the opposite rotary collectors are equipped with dividing walls at the ends, the serial connection of the sections of each conv the active unit is made using the upper and lower longitudinal collectors of the side screen, for which the upper collector is equipped with shutoff baffles in front of the front and rear input manifolds, and the lower collector is equipped with a similar partition in front of the middle input manifold, while the ceiling collector is connected from above on one side with the rear input vertical collector of the front convection unit, and on the other with a similar collector of the rear convection unit. 3. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the rear vertical partition is the middle section of the rear convection unit. 4. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that it is provided with a nozzle for supplying generator gas located in the side wall of the combustion chamber in the combustion zone. 5. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the ash chamber is equipped with a pipe for connecting a fan.

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