RU194458U1 - DEVICE FOR FIXING BONE FRAGMENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine. A device for fixing bone fragments includes elongated elements and clamping nodes (24). Elongated elements are transosseous elements (23) in the form of screw rods and tubular connecting elements (22). The clamping units each contain two couplings that are connected to each other by an axial screw, and each of which is formed of two coupling halves, each having a pair of semicircular grooves. Each of the tubular connecting elements contains a supporting element, an intermediate body and a deformable shell. Between the half-couplings of each of these couplings, a movable counter-support is placed so that the placement of each of the elongated elements between the corresponding one of the pairs of semicircular grooves of the clamping unit allows the corresponding counter-support to be moved with the creation of additional force in the clamping unit. The utility model provides improved fixation and accuracy of reposition of bone fragments of a damaged limb. 2 s.p. f-ly, 4 ill.

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

This useful model relates to the field of medicine, namely to traumatology and orthopedics, in particular to a device designed to temporarily fix damaged limb and pelvic bones as part of anti-shock therapy for polytrauma and treatment of open injuries.

BACKGROUND

At present, the principal directions of technical solutions for devices for temporary fixation of open and closed fractures of long tubular bones containing transosseous elements, namely, screw rods (in particular, Shants rods), fixing elements (in particular, clamps and retainers) are known and connecting elements (in particular racks and rods).

Known fixing transosseous apparatus, included in the "Set of universal rod devices and surgical devices KST-1" [RF Patent No. 20122273; IPC: А61В 17/58], designed for temporary fixation of fractures in the field. However, transosseous device according to RU 2012273 has the following disadvantages:

- complex connections between racks, fixing elements and transosseous elements, making the external fixation procedure long, which negatively affects the quality of anti-shock therapy;

- design features of the connecting nodes do not provide stable fixation of bone fragments of the damaged limb, which leads to loss of reposition;

- when mounted transosseous device, it is impossible to install an additional locking element on demand without a complete remount of transosseous device;

- all elements of the transosseous apparatus are made of metal, as a result of which the transosseous apparatus has a relatively large weight.

Some of the above-mentioned disadvantages of the transosseous apparatus according to RU 2012273 are deprived of modern external fixators of the AO type, the most perfect of which is the transosseous apparatus included in the “Kit for reposition and external fixation of bone fragments of limbs and / or pelvis” [RF Patent No. 26060269; IPC: А61В 17/60, А61 В 17/62, А61В 17/64; publ.: December 10, 2016], which is selected as the closest analogue (prototype). The transosseous device according to RU 2606269 consists of transosseous elements (for example, screw rods), as well as fixing elements and connecting elements. The connecting elements in the transosseous apparatus according to RU 2606269 are represented by fiberglass rods from an X-ray transparent material. The locking element consists of two clamping units, each of which contains a pair of clamping jaws, namely the inner and outer clamping jaws. The clamping nodes are connected by an axial screw provided with a locking element located on one side of the axial screw and a clamping nut located on the opposite side of the axial screw on its threaded part. A spring element is located between the clamping nodes, which ensures that the clamping nodes are located on the axial screw at a distance from each other at the extreme “free” position of the clamping nut, while pressing the clamping jaws of each clamping assembly against each other, and if the clamping nut is in the opposite position, tightly clamping the clamping nuts knots and their sponges to each other. Each fixing element is made with the possibility of simultaneous placement between the lips of one clamping element of one rod (or rod-screw) and one rod-screw (or rod) between the lips of another and the possibility of rotation on the axial screw with the "free" position of the clamping nut.

The prototype has the following disadvantages:

1. design features of the clamping unit do not provide stability of fixation of the rod-screw to the fiberglass rod;

2. design features of the clamping unit do not provide stability of fixing fiberglass rods to each other;

3. fiberglass rods have insufficient strength, and therefore they are often prone to fractures.

Thus, the prototype does not provide stable fixation of bone fragments and accurate reposition, which complicates the process of performing anti-shock measures, negatively affects the healing of the skin of an injured limb, and may be one of the reasons for the development of post-traumatic osteomyelitis.

DISCLOSURE OF THE ESSENCE OF A USEFUL MODEL

The technical result of the proposed device for fixing bone fragments is to increase the stability of the structure, which in turn improves the fixation and reposition accuracy of bone fragments of the damaged limb by increasing the reliability of the joints of modular nodes in the form of blocks with an improved design. This allows you to stably fix bone fragments in the position of reposition, which positively affects the process of anti-shock therapy, promotes healing of skin and bone wounds and reduces trauma to soft tissues.

The technical result formulated above is achieved due to the fact that in the device for fixing bone fragments, containing:

- elongated elements, which are transosseous elements in the form of rods, screws, tubular connecting elements;

- clamping nodes, each containing two couplings, which are connected to each other by an axial screw and each of which is formed of two coupling halves, each having a pair of semicircular grooves, each of the tubular connecting elements contains a supporting element, an intermediate body and a deformable shell, and between a half-coupler of each of these couplings is placed biased counter-support, so that the placement of each of the elongated elements (transosseous or or tubular connecting element) between the corresponding one of the pairs of semicircular grooves the pressing unit provides the ability to move the corresponding counter-support with the creation of additional force in the clamping unit.

According to the specification of the claimed device:

- the couplings are connected to each other by an axial screw equipped with a spherical washer, a spherical nut and a spring.

- facing each other the surface of the semicircular grooves of the coupling halves contain one longitudinal protrusion.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A device for fixing bone fragments according to this utility model is described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

in FIG. 1 shows the clamping unit:

1 - the first coupling half of the upper coupling;

2 - the second coupling half of the upper coupling;

3 - the first coupling half of the lower coupling;

4 - the second coupling half of the lower coupling;

5 - a large semicircular groove of the first half-coupling of the upper coupling;

6 - a large semicircular groove of the second half coupling of the upper coupling;

7 - a small semicircular groove of the first coupling half of the upper coupling;

8 - a small semicircular groove of the second half-coupling of the upper coupling;

9 - a large semicircular groove of the first half-coupling of the lower coupling;

10 - a large semicircular groove of the second half coupling of the lower coupling;

11 - a small semicircular groove of the first half-coupling of the lower coupling;

12 - a small semicircular groove of the second half-coupling of the lower coupling;

13 - spherical nut;

14 - spherical washer;

15 - axial screw; 16-spring;

17 - shifted counter support;

18 is a longitudinal protrusion;

in FIG. 2 shows a tubular connecting element:

19 - deformable shell;

20 - bearing element;

21 - an intermediate body;

in FIG. 3 shows the connection of the clamping unit, the tubular connecting element and transosseous element:

22 - tubular connecting element after deformation of the deformable shell in the coupling;

23 - transosseous element;

in FIG. 4 shows a device according to the present utility model in an assembled state:

24 - clamping unit.

IMPLEMENTATION OF A USEFUL MODEL

The device according to the present utility model is intended for fixing bone fragments and contains at least one tubular connecting element 22, at least four clamping nodes 24 that perform each function of the fixing element, and at least four transosseous elements 23, each made in the form, for example screw rod. For the purposes of simplifying the present description, transosseous elements 23 and tubular connecting elements 22 may be referred to as “elongated elements”. In one embodiment of the present utility model, the device may be a tubular external fixture. The clamping unit 24 (see. Fig. 1) contains two couplings, namely the upper coupling and the lower coupling. The upper coupling is formed from the first coupling half 1 and the second coupling half 2. The lower coupling is also formed from the first coupling coupling 3 and the second coupling half 4. The first coupling half of the upper coupling has a large semicircular groove 5 and a small semicircular groove 7. The second half coupling 2 of the upper coupling also has a large semicircular groove 6 and a small semicircular groove 8. The first half-coupling 3 of the lower coupling has a large semicircular groove 9 and a small semicircular groove 11. The second half-coupling 4 of the lower coupling also has a large semicircular groove 10 and a small semicircular groove 12.

The upper and lower couplings are interconnected by an axial screw 15, provided at its base with a spherical washer 14 connected to the first coupling half 1 of the upper coupling. At its end, the axial screw 15 is provided with a spherical nut 13 connected to the axial screw 15 and connected to the second coupling half 4 of the lower coupling. In addition, the axial screw is provided with a spring 16 connecting the second coupling half 2 of the upper coupling and the first coupling half 3 of the lower coupling. Between the half-couplings 1, 2 of the upper coupling and the half-couplings 3, 4 of the lower coupling are placed one offset anti-stop 17.

The surfaces of the semicircular grooves 5-8 of the half couplings 1, 2 of the upper coupling and the semicircular grooves 9-12 of the half couplings 3, 4 of the lower coupling facing each other contain one longitudinal protrusion 18, so that the longitudinal protrusions 18 in the half couplings 1, 2 of the upper coupling and half couplings 3 The 4 lower clutches are essentially facing each other.

The tubular connecting element 22 (see Fig. 2) contains a supporting element 20, a deformable shell 19 and an intermediate body 21.

The connection of the clamping unit 24 and the tubular connecting element 22 (see Fig. 3) is realized by connecting the tubular connecting element 22 to one of the couplings of the clamping unit 24, namely by placing the tubular connecting element 22 between the large semicircular grooves 5, 6 of the upper coupling or large semicircular grooves 9, 10 of the lower clutch, while moving the displaced counter support 17, which provides additional force in the clamping node 24. When tightening the axial screw 15 of the clamping node 24 is deformed deformable shell 20. The connection of the clamping unit 24 and the shaft-screw 23 (see Fig. 3) is realized by placing the shaft-screw 23 between the small semicircular grooves 7, 8 of the upper sleeve or the small semicircular grooves 11, 12 of the lower sleeve, the displacement of the counter support 17, which provides additional effort in the clamping unit 24.

The work of the tubular external fixator is as follows (see Fig. 4). At least four screw rods 23 are inserted into the damaged bone: two screw rods 23 above the fracture site, and two screw rods 23 below the fracture site. The screw-rods 23 fixing one bone fragment are connected by at least one tubular connecting element 22 using clamping units 24, in particular at least one clamping unit 24 on each screw-rod 23. In this case, the screw-rod 23 is placed between small semicircular grooves 7, 8 of the lower coupling half couplings or small semicircular grooves 11, 12 of the upper coupling half couplings. The tubular connecting element is fixed by placing it between the large semicircular grooves 5, 6 of the coupling halves of the upper coupling. These connections are fixed by tightening the axial screw 15. As a result of the above manipulations, two blocks are formed: one block above the fracture site and the other block below the fracture site, each such block containing at least two screw rods 23, at least two clamping devices 24 and at least one tubular connecting element 22. The blocks are connected to each other using at least one tubular connecting element 22 and at least two clamping nodes 24. In this case, the connected tubular with edinitelnye elements are arranged between the large semicircular grooves 5, 6 of the coupling halves or upper clutch large semicircular grooves 9, 10 coupling the lower coupling halves. The fracture is repositioned manually under the control of fluoroscopy by moving one block relative to another block. Keeping the achieved position of the blocks, manually tighten the axial screw 15 on the clamping nodes 24 connecting the tubular connecting elements.

Claims (6)

1. Device for fixing bone fragments, including elongated elements representing transosseous elements in the form of screw rods, tubular connecting elements; clamping nodes, each containing two couplings, which are connected to each other by an axial screw, and each of which is formed of two coupling halves, each having a pair of semicircular grooves, characterized in that each of the tubular connecting elements contains a supporting element, an intermediate body and a deformable shell, and a biased counter-support is placed between the half-couplings of each of these couplings, so that the placement of each of the elongated elements between the corresponding one of the pairs of semicircular grooves of the clamping unit allows the corresponding anti-stop with the creation of additional force in the clamping unit. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the couplings are connected to each other by an axial screw equipped with a spherical washer, a spherical nut and a spring. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the surfaces of the semicircular grooves of the coupling halves facing each other contain one longitudinal protrusion.

Images