RU190953U1 - DEVICE FOR PREVENTION OF FIRES INSIDE OF SEALED INHABITED OBJECTS, MOST IMPACTLY UNDERWATERED BOATS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of fire fighting equipment and can be used to ensure the fire safety of submarines and other sealed habitable objects. A device for preventing fires inside sealed inhabited objects, mainly submarines, including an air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its other components, a node oxygen cylinders, a sensor unit monitoring the parameters of the gas-air environment located in each controlled room of a sealed object and connected Using the information-control connection with the input of the device control unit, the output of which is connected by a control signal to the input of the oxygen cylinder assembly. The air-nitrogen separation unit and its other components are connected by the information-control communication with the device control unit. The gas medium cleaning unit with a mechanical filter and a chemical filter and carbon monoxide filter are mechanically connected to a high-pressure compressor unit, pneumatic you one of which is connected to a node of high-pressure air cylinders. The device is equipped with an inert gas distributor node containing a noise suppression unit located in each controlled room of a sealed object connected by information and control communication with a device control unit and a mechanical connection with an air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and the rest of its components. The device is equipped with a node of a low-noise high-pressure oxygen compressor, which is connected by information and control communication the device control unit, and mechanical connections with the unit for separating air into nitrogen or inert gas and its other components, and is also equipped with a unit for oxygen cylinders. The unit for high pressure air cylinders is equipped with a gear unit and is mechanically connected to the unit for separating air into nitrogen or inert gas and its other components. High pressure compressor unit, air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its other components, gas cleaning unit with mechanical impurities cleaning filter and filter cleansing from harmful chemicals and carbon monoxide are made uniform for the entire hermetic object.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of fire fighting equipment and can be used to ensure the fire safety of submarines and other sealed manned objects.

Known invention "Inerting method of preventing and extinguishing a fire in enclosed spaces" (patent RU 2212262, IPC: А62С 2/00, publ. September 20, 2003).

The known device comprises a device for measuring the oxygen content in a controlled closed space, a first system for obtaining an oxygen-removing gas or for removing oxygen from the specified controlled space, a second system for quickly supplying an oxygen-removing gas to the controlled space, a fire detection device for detecting the characteristics of a fire in an atmosphere of space and a control unit directing the basic inerting signal to the first system in accordance with the oxygen content Water in the atmosphere of the controlled space and directing the complete inertization signal to the second system in accordance with the detecting signal from the fire detection device, the fire detection device is an aspirator fire detection device, the oxygen content measuring device is built into the indicator housing of the fire detection device. A device for implementing the method also contains a mechanical device for producing oxygen-removing gases, a nitrogen production unit, to achieve a basic inertization level.

A disadvantage of the known device is the need to maintain the desired level of inertization by adding air from the external environment, which does not ensure the complete autonomy of navigation of the submarine in the lower position.

In addition, the device is not low-noise to ensure the secrecy of the submarine.

In addition, the device does not provide pressure equalization after inertization for organizing the entrance of people into the room, as well as the removal of excess pressure of the gas-air medium from the controlled room.

In addition, the device does not provide the ability to control the parameters of the gas-air environment in the adjacent premises of the object, which is especially important for sealed habitable objects consisting of more than one room.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed utility model - taken as a prototype is the device from patent RU 2549055, IPC: А62С 3/00; 2/00, publ. 04/20/2015 "A method of preventing fires inside hermetic manned objects, mainly submarines, and a device for its implementation."

The known device comprises a system control unit, a sensor unit monitoring the parameters of the gas-air environment and a cylinder unit with an inert gas or a mixture of inert gases, it further contains a sensor assembly of pre-emergency control, a gas-air medium regeneration unit, an oxygen cylinder unit, a node oxygen distributors, high pressure air cylinder assembly, gas cleaning unit with mechanical impurity cleaning filter and harmful x filter substances and carbon monoxide, an air separation unit, a high pressure compressor unit, and a shut-off control unit in each controlled room of a sealed object, and the outputs of the pre-emergency control sensors and the sensors for monitoring the DHW parameters are electrically connected to the inputs of the system control unit whose outputs are connected by control signals the inlets of the gas-air regeneration unit, the oxygen cylinder unit, the high-pressure air cylinder unit and the shut-off control unit, and the outlets after day is connected to the inputs of the gas-air purification unit, air separation unit, high-pressure compressor unit, respectively, the gas-air purification unit is connected by mechanical connections with the air separation unit and high-pressure compressor unit, the pneumatic outputs of which, in turn, are connected to the cylinder unit with nitrogen or with an inert gas, an assembly of high-pressure air cylinders and an assembly of oxygen cylinders, the input of the gas-air regeneration unit is pneumatically connected to the internal volume a sealed space about the object and its output coupled to node oxygen cylinders and oxygen distributors node.

Air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its other components, pre-emergency control sensor assembly, hypoxic gas-air parameters sensor control node, oxygen dispensers node, cleaning unit with mechanical impurities cleaning filter, harmful chemicals and carbon monoxide filter, node a high-pressure compressor, located in each controlled room of a sealed object, the regeneration unit of the gas-air environment can be as tight as in each controlled room th object and uniform for all the sealed object cylinder assembly with nitrogen or inert gas and assembly of high pressure air cylinders made uniform for all the sealed object, a device control unit is configured for only a single object and is provided with a sealing peripheral devices each controlled space.

The disadvantages of the known devices are:

- a large number of links between the blocks and nodes, which reduces the reliability of the device as a whole and adversely affects the fire safety of the object;

- the lack of equipment that provides the required level of vibromoise characteristics to ensure the secrecy of the object, including in emergency mode;

- a large number of consumers of electric current, which limits the use of the device in emergency modes of the submarine;

- a large total volume of occupied equipment located in each controlled room, which limits the use of the device only for nuclear submarines of large displacement;

- the inability of people to move between the premises in the process of the device.

The claimed utility model allows to solve the following tasks:

- provide fire prevention, eliminate the occurrence of voluminous fires and significantly reduce the likelihood of fires and fires with a minimum number of nodes and connections between nodes, a high degree of reliability of the device as a whole to ensure fire safety on submarines and other sealed habitable objects;

- to ensure fire safety of all protected premises with one device;

- to ensure the work of people in the period of complete autonomous navigation without harm to health with the possibility of transition between the rooms, including when the device is running;

- to ensure long-term (at least 90 days) autonomy of navigation and the secrecy of the submarine due to the use of low-noise performance with low energy consumption in the device;

- to provide an effective and compact arrangement of the device inside a closed volume by using a smaller number of units and assemblies with minimal weight and size characteristics.

The tasks are achieved by the fact that a device for preventing fires inside sealed habitable objects, mainly submarines, includes an air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its remaining components, an oxygen cylinder assembly, a sensor node monitoring the parameters of the gas-air environment located in each controlled sealed room object and connected with the help of information and control communication with the input of the control unit of the device, the output of which is connected by a control signal with input ode of the oxygen cylinder assembly.

A gas cleaning unit with a filter for removing impurities and a filter for removing harmful chemicals and carbon monoxide is mechanically connected to a high pressure compressor unit whose pneumatic output is connected to a high pressure air cylinder unit, a device control unit, an oxygen cylinder unit, a node High pressure air cylinders are made uniform for the entire hermetic object.

The device is additionally equipped with an inert gas distributor unit including a noise suppression unit located in each controlled room of a sealed object and connected by information and control communication with a device control unit, and a mechanical connection with an air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its other components.

The device is equipped with a node of a low-noise high-pressure oxygen compressor, which is made uniform for the entire hermetic object and is connected by information and control communication with the control unit of the device, and by mechanical connections with the air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its other components, with an oxygen cylinder assembly.

The air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and the rest of its components are connected by information and control communication with the control unit of the device.

An assembly of high-pressure air cylinders is additionally equipped with a reducer assembly and is mechanically connected to an air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and the rest of its components.

The low-noise oxygen compressor unit, the air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its other components, the gaseous medium purification unit with mechanical impurities purification filter and harmful chemicals and carbon monoxide purification filter, high pressure compressor unit are uniform for the entire pressurized object.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the device.

A device for preventing fires inside sealed habitable objects, mainly submarines, consists of a control unit for device 1, the output of which is connected by a control signal to an input of a node of oxygen cylinders 2 and connected via information and control connections to a low-noise oxygen compressor node 3, an air separation unit nitrogen or inert gas and its remaining components 4.

The node of the low-noise oxygen compressor 3 is connected by mechanical connections with the node separating air into nitrogen or inert gas and the rest of its components 4, the node cylinders with oxygen 2.

The sensor node monitoring the parameters of the gas-air environment 5 is located in each controlled room hermetic object and connected through information and control communication with the input of the control unit of the device 1.

The inert gas distributors assembly 6, which includes a noise suppression unit 12, is located in each controlled room of a sealed object and is connected by information and control communication with the control unit of the device 1, and by mechanical communication with the air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its other components 4.

A gas cleaning unit 7 with a filter for cleaning from mechanical impurities 8 and a filter for cleaning from harmful chemicals and carbon monoxide 9 is connected by a mechanical connection with a high pressure compressor unit 10, the pneumatic output of which is connected to the node of high pressure air cylinders 11.

The node of high-pressure air cylinders 11 is equipped with a node of the reducer 13 and is mechanically connected with the node separating air into nitrogen or inert gas and the rest of its components 4.

The control unit of the device 1, the node cylinders with oxygen 2, the node of the low-noise oxygen compressor 3, the node separating air into nitrogen or inert gas and the rest of its components 4, the cleaning unit gas environment 7 with filter cleaning from mechanical impurities 8 and filter cleaning from harmful chemicals and carbon monoxide 9, a high pressure compressor assembly 10, a high pressure air cylinder assembly 11 equipped with a reducer assembly 13 are made uniform for the entire hermetic object.

The device works as follows.

Mechanical connections between the nodes are carried out with the help of pipelines, flexible hoses, and also include safety, bypass and control valves (not shown in Fig. 1).

In the initial state (standby mode), the sensor node monitoring the parameters of the gas-air environment 5 performs measurements of the oxygen content in the protected premises, the control unit of the device 1 processes the received data on the oxygen concentration from the sensor sensors controlling the parameters of the gas-air medium 5.

The node of the low-noise high-pressure oxygen compressor 3, the node separating air into nitrogen or inert gas and its remaining components 4, the node of the distributors of inert gas 6 including the node suppressing noise 12, the node cleaning the gas environment 7 with a filter from mechanical impurities 8 and a filter from harmful chemicals and carbon monoxide 9, high pressure compressor assembly 10 are in standby mode (not working).

An assembly of high-pressure air cylinders 11 equipped with a reducer assembly 13 is filled with air with pressure up to 400 kgf / cm ² , an assembly of oxygen cylinders 2 is not filled with working gas, the pressure inside the assembly of oxygen cylinders 2 is atmospheric.

The device provides the formation, control and maintenance of a hypoxic (with reduced oxygen content) gas-air environment with an established oxygen content, for example, 17% volume fraction, with a normal pressure of the gas-air environment, inside a sealed habitable object.

The device operates in any predetermined limits of the established values of the oxygen content of the initial, for example, 16% by volume, and the final, for example, 17% by volume, inside a sealed habitable object.

The device allows you to create a gas-air environment with low oxygen content in either of two ways:

- at the base station by onshore facilities, by supplying a calculated amount of inert gas, for example nitrogen, to the controlled premises of a hermetic habitable object. The process of the formation of the medium is terminated when the initial value of the oxygen concentration in the controlled premises of the hermetic habitable object is reached.

- in the campaign, by adjusting the parameters of the gas-air environment due to the patented device. The formation of the gas-air environment with a reduced oxygen content at normal pressure occurs at a predetermined oxygen content, for a given optimal time. The process of forming the gas-air environment is terminated when the established value of the oxygen content in the controlled premises of the hermetic inhabited object is reached, for example, 16% by volume.

The device allows you to maintain the gas-air environment with low oxygen content at normal pressure according to the following algorithm:

With increasing oxygen content in a controlled room sealed habitable object, for example, more than 17% by volume, the device switches from standby mode to operating mode and begins the process of reducing the oxygen content to a predetermined initial value of oxygen content, for example, 16% by volume.

After reducing the oxygen content to a predetermined initial value, for example, 16% by volume, the device turns off, stopping the process of reducing the oxygen content, and the device goes into standby mode.

When the oxygen content in a controlled room of a sealed habitable object rises above 17, more than 17% by volume, for example, the sensor node controls the parameters of the gas-air environment 5 sends a signal about the oxygen content to the control unit of the device 1. , sends control signals to the air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its remaining components 4, where high pressure air begins to flow to generate azo This or an inert gas to the node of a low-noise high-pressure oxygen compressor 3 to start forcing the oxygen mixture into the node of oxygen cylinders 2 to the node of the inert gas distributors 6 including the noise suppression unit 12 for supplying the inert gas to the controlled room, by supplying the inert gas occurs a decrease in the oxygen content in the gas-air environment to a predetermined value, for example, 16% by volume, the gas-air medium cleaning unit 7 with a filter for removing mechanical impurities 8 and a filter for removing harmful chemicals substances and carbon monoxide 9 is turned on automatically by increasing the pressure inside the sealed room to ensure the gas-air environment is taken and the gas-air environment is cleaned to the high-pressure compressor unit 10. When the gas-air medium pressure increases, the high-pressure air compressor unit 10 is automatically or manually started to level and removing excess pressure from the controlled room, the high pressure compressor assembly 10 compresses the cleaned air into the high pressure air cylinder assembly 11, while the sensor node monitoring the parameters of the gas-air environment 5 monitors the oxygen content and transmits a signal with the actual oxygen content to the control unit of the device 1. The control unit of the device 1, after reducing the oxygen content, for example, below 16% by volume, issues a control signal to the air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its remaining components 4 to turn off the high-pressure air supply, to the low-noise high-pressure oxygen compressor assembly 3 To shut it off, to the node of oxygen cylinders 2 to turn off the node of cylinders with oxygen 2, to the node of inert gas distributors 6 including noise suppression node 12 to shut off the supply of nitrogen or inert gas to the controlled room, to turn off the gas cleaning unit 7 with cleaning filter mechanical impurities 8 and the filter cleaning from harmful chemicals and carbon monoxide 9, high pressure compressor assembly 10 occurs after equalizing the pressure of the gas-air environment inside the controlled room, thus, The unit as a whole shuts down and goes into standby mode.

The decrease in the oxygen content in the gas-air environment of the room is as follows.

From the node of high-pressure air cylinders 11, equipped with a gearbox 13 unit, air is supplied to the air-to-nitrogen or inert gas separation unit 4, where air is separated into an inert gas, for example, nitrogen, and air with an increased oxygen content, as well as the rest of its components.

An inert gas, for example, nitrogen, is supplied, in the required amount, to the environment of the controlled room through the node of the inert gas distributors 6 including the noise suppression unit 12, thereby increasing the concentration of inert gas and reducing the oxygen concentration in the controlled room.

Air with a high oxygen content is compressed and supplied to the node of cylinders with oxygen 2 by means of a node of a low-noise high-pressure oxygen compressor 3.

At the same time, the overpressure is removed until the normal pressure of the hot water supply in the controlled room is reached, by the high pressure compressor assembly 10 through the gas cleaning unit 7 with the filter of mechanical impurities 8 and the filter of harmful chemicals and carbon monoxide 9 and the selected gas is supplied the mixture in the node of high-pressure air cylinders 11.

After reducing the oxygen content in the controlled room, the device goes into standby mode. For this, the control unit of the device 1 delivers a control signal to the air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its remaining components 4, the low-pressure oxygen compressor of low pressure 3, the node of oxygen cylinders 2 , an inert gas distributor unit 6 including a noise suppression unit 12.

In the standby mode, the device will monitor the change in the oxygen content in the gas-air environment of the room monitored and go into operation with an increase in the oxygen content in the gas-air environment of the room monitored. Thus, the device supports the specified parameters during the entire period of autonomy of the submarine.

Elements of the device, such as the control unit of the device 1, the node of cylinders with oxygen 2, the node of the low-noise high-pressure oxygen compressor 3, the node separating air into nitrogen or inert gas and the rest of its components 4, the node of high-pressure compressor 10, the node of high-pressure air cylinders 11 equipped with a node gearbox 13 are the same for the entire hermetic habitable object.

When this node sensors control parameters of the gas environment 5, the node distributors of inert gas 6 including the node suppressing noise 12, the cleaning node gas environment 7 with filter cleaning from mechanical impurities 8 and filter cleaning from harmful chemicals and carbon monoxide 9, as a rule, are located in each sealed controlled room.

The control unit of the device 1 is made on the basis of a conventional or specialized computer, designed to control and synchronize the entire process of regulating and maintaining environmental parameters in all sealed, controlled rooms of a submarine.

An assembly of oxygen cylinders 2 serves to temporarily store air with a high oxygen content. The number of oxygen cylinders is determined based on the conditions of use of air with a high oxygen content, which can be used for various purposes, such as breathing. If necessary, the air with a high oxygen content can be disposed of, for example, overboard, while using an algorithm of the sequence of actions that does not affect the parameter of the secrecy of a submarine.

The node of the low-noise high-pressure oxygen compressor 3 compresses the air with a high oxygen content. The design features of a low-noise high-pressure oxygen compressor, as well as the presence of a double damping cascade and a noise-insulating casing, provide the required level of vibration-noise characteristics for equipment of submarines, which in turn reduces the influence of vibration-noise characteristics of both the lowest-noise oxygen compressor of high pressure and associated with it mechanical communications equipment on the field of the ship as a whole, which allows to ensure the secrecy of the submarine.

Thus, the use of the claimed device allows to provide:

- to ensure the prevention of fires, eliminate the occurrence of voluminous fires and significantly reduce the likelihood of fires and fires;

- to ensure fire safety of all protected premises with one device;

- to ensure the work of people in the period of complete autonomous navigation without harm to health with the possibility of transition between the rooms, including when the device is running;

- to ensure long-term (at least 90 days) autonomy of navigation and the secrecy of the submarine due to the use of low-noise performance with low energy consumption in the device;

- to provide an effective and compact arrangement of the device inside a closed volume by using a smaller number of units and assemblies with minimal weight and size characteristics.

Claims (1)

A device for preventing fires inside sealed habitable objects, mainly submarines, including an air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its remaining components, an oxygen cylinder assembly, a sensor for monitoring the parameters of the gas-air environment located in each controlled room of a sealed object and connected with information and control communication with the input of the control unit of the device, the output of which is connected by a control signal with the input of the node of cylinders with oxygen, The gaseous medium with the filter from mechanical impurities and the filter from harmful chemicals and carbon monoxide is mechanically connected to the high-pressure compressor assembly, the pneumatic output of which is connected to the high-pressure air cylinder assembly, device control unit, oxygen cylinder assembly, cylinder assembly high-pressure air is made uniform for the entire hermetic object, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with an inert gas distributor assembly including a suppression assembly noise located in each controlled room sealed object, and connected information and control communication with the device control unit, and a mechanical connection with the air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and other components, as well as equipped with a node of a low-noise high-pressure oxygen compressor, which is made uniform for the entire hermetic object, and connected by information and control communication with the device control unit, and mechanical connections with the air-to-nitrogen separation unit an inert gas and its remaining components, an oxygen cylinder assembly, an air separation unit for nitrogen or an inert gas and the rest of its components are connected by information and control communication with a device control unit, a high-pressure air cylinder assembly is additionally equipped with a reducer assembly and mechanically connected to an air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its other components, high pressure compressor unit, air separation unit for nitrogen or inert gas and its other components, gas cleaning unit with a filter for cleaning from mechanical impurities and a filter for cleaning from harmful chemicals and carbon monoxide are made uniform for the entire hermetic object.

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