WO2019035142A1 - An advanced fire prevention system and method thereof - Google Patents

An advanced fire prevention system and method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019035142A1
WO2019035142A1 PCT/IN2018/050520 IN2018050520W WO2019035142A1 WO 2019035142 A1 WO2019035142 A1 WO 2019035142A1 IN 2018050520 W IN2018050520 W IN 2018050520W WO 2019035142 A1 WO2019035142 A1 WO 2019035142A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fire
air
logic controller
prevention system
fire prevention
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PCT/IN2018/050520
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French (fr)
Inventor
Manish Marlecha Kumar
Arun Prasanth Thamizharasan
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O2 Controls Private Limited
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Publication of WO2019035142A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019035142A1/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames
    • A62C99/0018—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames using gases or vapours that do not support combustion, e.g. steam, carbon dioxide

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of fire prevention, particularly relates to an advanced fire prevention system that deters the ignition of fire in enclosed spaces while maintaining the atmosphere of the enclosed space of a breathable standard for human safety, and the method of operation thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system that offers protection from outside fires, prevents ignition of fires inside the enclosed spaces and extinguish smoldering and pyrolysis fires in the confined or enclosed space.
  • Fire prevention is an important aspect to be considered during the construction of every building, not only for the safety of the residents and the people around, but also for the protection of the building, the surrounding buildings as well as the valuables enclosed within the building.
  • the field of fire protection engineering has seen tremendous technological improvements as the need for protecting valuables such as expensive equipments, important documents and material properties of value has increased more than ever.
  • Some of the significant technological improvements in the field of fire protection are effective sprinkler systems and new fire extinguishing techniques including halogenated fire extinguishing agents, hi-ex foams and water mists, and smoke detectors.
  • the significant disadvantage of these systems is that they do not prevent fire; rather they only offer protection by detecting fire at an early stage followed by suppressing the fire before it leads to considerable damage.
  • Fire prevention systems also called oxygen reduction systems or hypoxic air systems basically reduce the concentration of oxygen in a closed space such that a fire cannot be ignited in the first place.
  • the oxygen content in hypoxic air systems is less than 18% and is safe for humans to breathe until the oxygen concentration does not go below 13%.
  • Hypoxic air systems have been effective in fire prevention and various technologies have evolved in the field with respect to these systems.
  • US 6,334,315 relates to a hypoxic fire prevention and fire suppression system for computer cabinets and fire -hazardous industrial containers wherein the said system comprises an air compressor, an air separation device employing a molecular sieve adsorber for separating the air into an oxygen depleted fraction and into an oxygen enriched fraction and a collecting tank operatively associated with the said separation device receiving selectively said enriched-oxygen gas mixture therefrom and an outlet through which the fire retarding oxygen depleted fraction is supplied to the enclosed environment with oxygen content below 12%.
  • the patent document EP15171399 reveals a system for providing a hypoxic air atmosphere in an enclosed space wherein the system comprises at least a compressor for providing compressed fresh air, pressure switches for continuously monitoring the air inlet pressure, an air separation device having one inlet for the compressed fresh air, one first outlet for the oxygen-depleted air and one second outlet for oxygen-enriched air; a protected zone control valve arranged downstream of the air separation device; and oxygen sensors arranged in the protected zone.
  • the primary objective of the present invention is to provide an advanced fire prevention system which provides a complete fire prevention solution to enclosed systems.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to integrate machine learning with the logic controller to observe, analyse, learn, predict, instruct and take steps to account for air leakages that might compromise the effectiveness of the system.
  • Another objective of the present invention is to provide an embedded system that can monitor and control the system remotely through Internet of things hardware and framework.
  • Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide an advanced fire prevention system integrated with the smoke detection system with a fire extinguishing system for extinguishing smoldering and pyrolysis fires in enclosed spaces.
  • the basic aspect of the present invention is directed to provide an advanced fire prevention system with a fire-extinguishing system to combat smouldering and pyrolytic fires.
  • an advanced fire prevention system (100), providing nitrogen rich air to deter the ignition of fire in an enclosed area, comprising of: a. a protected space (22) enclosed on all sides with one or more fire-rated panels (23 ⁇ a, b ,c...n ⁇ ), wherein the said protected space (22) consists of an air recirculation unit, one or more sensors including one or more gas analysing sensors, one or more limit switches, one or more fire or smoke detectors;
  • one or more filters downstream of the compressor (1) comprising a first a pre-filter (2), a post filter (3), and an activated carbon filter (4);
  • an air separation unit (11) comprising of one or more outlet lines, wherein at least one outlet line [11] output delivers nitrogen rich air as output, and at least one outlet line
  • controllers comprising a first modulation controller controlling pressure fluctuations, and a second controller being a logic controller (100);
  • one or more manual override switches comprising a first manual override switch near the said logic controller, a second manual override switch in the protected space (22);
  • a fire extinguishing system comprising a fire extinguishing apparatus/ device (d) storing a fire extinguishing agent, wherein the fire extinguishing agent is air comprising Nitrogen at a concentration of 95% and above.
  • control valve (19) is controlled by the said logic controller to control the supply of unaltered fresh air to the protected space (22).
  • control valve (14) is a pneumatic valve with i/p converter.
  • Still another objective of the present invention is to provide a system to detect and combat smouldering and pyrolysis fires. It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system (101), providing nitrogen rich air to deter the ignition of fire in multiple enclosed areas concurrently, comprising of:
  • each of the said protected spaces consists of an air recirculation unit, one or more sensors comprising at least one or more gas analysing sensors, one or more limit switches; one or more smoke detectors;
  • one or more air separation units 35 ⁇ a,b,c...n ⁇ connected in parallel, downstream of the heating unit (30), consisting of one or more outlet lines, including a first set of outlet lines to output nitrogen rich air, a second set of outlet lines to output oxygen rich air;
  • one or more manual override switches including a first manual override switch near the said logic controller, at least a second manual override switch in each of the protected spaces (50 ⁇ a,b,c...n ⁇ ); and,
  • a fire extinguishing system comprising a fire extinguishing apparatus/ device (d) storing a fire extinguishing agent, wherein the fire extinguishing agent is air comprising Nitrogen at a concentration of 95% and above.
  • control valves a, e
  • fire-extinguishing apparatus or device containing air with at least 95% Nitrogen gas and is connected to the control valve (14) through a non-returnable valve (c); wherein the valve (a) controls supply of air from the pneumatic control valve (14),
  • valve (c) prevents the backflow from the cylinders to the protected spaces (22), wherein the logic controller on receiving input from the smoke detector in presence of smoke in the protected space (22), sets off the fire/ smoke detector actuating the control valve (e) to activate the fire extinguishing apparatus or device to release the contents into the protected space (22),wherein on extinguishing of the smoke or fire the logic controller maintains the air in the protected space at a concentration of 85-90% of Nitrogen gas, and
  • a level sensor in the fire-extinguishing apparatus or device sends fill status of the apparatus to the logic controller to maintain the nitrogen gas level and concentration in the apparatus (d).
  • control valves (a, e);
  • a fire-extinguishing apparatus or device containing air with at least 95% Nitrogen gas and is connected to the control valve (44) through a non-returnable valve (c);
  • valve (a) controls supply of air from the pneumatic control valve (44), wherein valve (c) prevents the backflow from the cylinders to the protected spaces (50
  • the logic controller on receiving input from the smoke detector in presence of smoke in the protected space (50 ⁇ a,b,c...n ⁇ ), sets off the fire/ smoke detector actuating the control valve (e) to activate the fire extinguishing apparatus or device to release the contents into the protected space (50 ⁇ a,b,c...n ⁇ ),
  • the logic controller maintains the air in the protected space at a concentration of 85-90% of Nitrogen gas
  • a level sensor in the fire-extinguishing apparatus or device sends fill status of the apparatus to the logic controller to maintain the nitrogen gas level and concentration in the apparatus (d).
  • Figure 1 represents the process flow diagram of the advanced fire prevention system of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 represents the process flow diagram of the advanced fire prevention system of the present invention applied to a multi-room set-up.
  • the present invention relates to an advanced fire prevention system (100), providing nitrogen rich air to deter the ignition of fire in an enclosed area, comprising of:
  • a plurality of filters downstream of the said compressor (1) including a first filter being a pre-filter (2), a second filter being a post filter (3), a third filter being an activated carbon filter (4);
  • an air separation unit (11) consisting of a plurality of outlet lines, including a first outlet line to output nitrogen rich air, a second outlet line (11A) to output oxygen rich air;
  • a plurality of sensors including a first sensor being a pressure sensor (5) upstream of the heating unit (7), a second sensor being a temperature sensor (6) downstream of the said pressure sensor (5), a third sensor also being a temperature sensor (8) placed on the heating unit (7), a fourth sensor also being a temperature sensor (10) downstream of the heating unit (7), a fifth sensor also being a temperature sensor (12) to monitor the temperature of the air leaving the first outlet line of the air separation unit (11), a sixth sensor being a gas analysing sensor (13) upstream of the control valve (14), a seventh sensor also being a gas analysing sensor (17) downstream of the manual valve (16);
  • a plurality of controllers including a first modulation controller controlling pressure fluctuations in the said plurality of compressors, a second controller being a logic controller with hard and soft redundancy to continuously monitor the parameters of the air in the system (100),
  • a plurality of manual override switches including a first manual override switch near the said logic controller, at least a second manual override switch in the protected space (22); and,
  • a fire extinguishing system comprising a fire extinguishing apparatus/ device (d) storing a fire extinguishing agent, wherein the fire extinguishing agent is air comprising Nitrogen at a concentration of 95% and above.
  • the fire -rated panels which enclose the area to be protected provide air-tightness and pressure-tightness inside the enclosure, and additionally provide good thermal insulation as well.
  • at least one of the plurality of compressors delivers air at a pressure higher than the ambient pressure. This compressed air is passed through the said pre-filters, post filters and activated carbon filters to remove dust, oil and other contaminants that might be present in the air.
  • An oil water separator works to separate the oil from the water collected in the eco drain valves for safe and environment friendly disposal.
  • the said compressors employed have a modulation control that smoothens out pressure fluctuations in the compressed air. This may help to reduce any hunting effect in the lines and may lead to improved process efficiency.
  • all of the sensors, valves, compressors and heating units are connected to a logic controller that continuously monitors the parameters of the air in the system.
  • the logic controller used has a hard and soft redundancy built-in so that the process parameters can be monitored and controlled to be within allowable limits at all times.
  • the said remote monitoring embedded device which is an Internet of Things (IoT) hardware and framework, allows for remote monitoring and control of the system (100), data logging in a remote station as well as in the local machine through a cache memory, and storage of the data from the processes, from over the cloud.
  • IoT Internet of Things
  • the controller constantly logs data from all sensors and valves and other equipments controlled through it.
  • the data collection paves way for data mining to predict and prevent any future failures in any of the systems.
  • the logic controller is programmed to have machine learning integrated to monitor, analyse and study the system (100) and the protected space (22) in real time and further analyse and predict the demands and incorporate additional instructions to the action sequences prescribed in the logic controller so as to have a dynamic, reliable and effective fire prevention system.
  • the pressure sensor (5) present at the end of the filters line continuously monitors the pressure of the compressed air.
  • the compressed air from the said compressor is passed through a heating unit (7) to raise the temperature of the air to meet the pre-calculated design conditions of temperature and pressure.
  • the temperature sensors (6, 10) present upstream and downstream of the heating unit (7) respectively, continuously monitor the temperature of the compressed air.
  • the temperature sensor (8) placed on the heating unit coil monitors the correct working of the coil. In case of an abrupt temperature shoot in the compressed air downstream of the heating unit (7), the logic controller will work to cut off the electrical supply to the heating unit (7) until the temperature reaches the preferred set point.
  • the line that provides unaltered fresh air to the protected space is present. This air will be used for flushing and emergency venting.
  • the opening of this line is controlled by the logic controller through the control valve (19).
  • the manual valve (20) is placed after the said control valve.
  • the check valve (21) with a preset cracking pressure higher than the ambient pressure is placed after the said manual valve (20).
  • the said check valve (21) and manual valve (20) together serve two purposes viz., prevent any backflow to the compressed air line from the protected space (22) and serve to reduce the pressure and flow rate of the air supplied to the protected space (22) to prevent any damages to glass partitions and equipments from rapid pressure build up.
  • the pressurised and hot air that meets a pre-calculated and pre-designed value enters the air separation unit (11) which outputs air that is nitrogen rich at one end and oxygen-rich at the sides (11 A).
  • This oxygen rich air is safely vented to the atmosphere through a separate line or used for other applications as dictated by specific requirements.
  • precautions have to be taken so that the air in the protected space (22) does not contain unsafe levels of nitrogen. This is achieved through the use of the control valve (14) with i/p converter, and the manual valve (16). Upstream of the control valve (14) is the sensor for analysing the gas concentration (13).
  • the sensor analyses either the oxygen concentration in the nitrogen-air from the membrane or the nitrogen concentration, depending on the requirement. Since the major constituents in air comprise of oxygen and nitrogen, measurement of one of the two, yields the concentration of the other.
  • the sensor (13) present upstream of the control valve (14) continuously sends signals to the logic controller. Based on the sensor data, the logic controller sends current signals to this control valve (14).
  • the control valve (14) converts the current signals into equivalent pressure values and adjusts the valve position to create a back pressure in the line so that the sensors for analysing gas concentrations (13) read pre-determined and calculated values of gas concentration.
  • the control valve (14) is designed to fail to open so that the manual valve (16) present downstream of the control valve will produce air with a nitrogen concentration in the range of 85-90%.
  • the fail-to-open setting makes sure that in the case of an abrupt control valve failure, the valve's failure will have no effect on the back pressure in the lines and hence no effect on the concentration of nitrogen in the air coming out of the membrane. This ensures that unsafe nitrogen levels never reach the protected space (22).
  • the manual valve (16) is adjusted and set permanently in such a way that the back pressure created by this valve produces nitrogen rich air with a concentration of 85-90% N 2 . Studies have shown that no serious illness or damages to the human body occur at this level of nitrogen in air for short exposure times.
  • the sensor (17) continuously analyses the percentage concentration of air present downstream of the said manual valve. The said sensor (17) sends signals to the logic controller and an alarm is raised whenever unsafe nitrogen concentrations are reached.
  • a separate line that arises downstream of the gas concentration analyser (13) and the control valve (14) will vent the air with unsafe levels of N 2 concentration.
  • the opening of this venting line is controlled through the use of an electrically actuated control valve (15) that is operated by the logic controller. If the control valve (15) in the venting line were to open, a control valve (18) present downstream of the manual valve (16) and the sensor for analysing gas concentration (17) will close, preventing any supply to the protected space (22).
  • a manual override switch is present near the logic controller and in the protected space (22).
  • Activating the said switch leads to three actions, viz., the control valve (18) that supplies the nitrogen rich air to the protected space (22) will be closed; the control valve (15) will open and any air coming out of the air separation unit (11) will be vented to the atmosphere; the control valve (19) will open and fresh air will be pumped to the protected space (22) until N 2 concentrations reach safer levels.
  • the system (100) thus ensures that the air in the protected space (22) never reaches a concentration that endangers human life.
  • an air recirculation unit that does not exchange air with the outside is installed. The said air recirculation unit recirculates the air and maintains the temperature at optimum levels depending on the requirement.
  • the environments inside the protected spaces are inhospitable to most fires yet there may be a chance of smouldering and pyrolysis fires to develop.
  • the heat release rate and spreading of smouldering fires is slow in an oxygen-reduced environment.
  • the smouldering fires are extinguished at a concentration of 5-7.5% 0 2 in the ambient .
  • a preferred embodiment of the present invention discloses a fire-extinguishing system integrated to the fire prevention system to prevent and suppress fire, especially smouldering and pyrolytic fires.
  • the fire extinguishing system comprises a compressor (b), one or more valves (a, e), and a fire extinguishing apparatus.
  • the fire-extinguishing apparatus/ device or container preferably is a cylinder or cylindrical container containing air especially air with a concentration of nitrogen of at least 95%, which is the fire extinguishing agent according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is maintained under pressure by a compressor, which is electronically actuated upon instructions from the logic controller.
  • the fire extinguishing apparatus or device or cylinder (d) is connected to the control valve (14) by a non returnable valve or NRV (c) and valve (a) controls supply of air from the pneumatic control valve (14) and valve (c) prevents backflow from the fire extinguishing apparatus or cylinders (d) to the protected spaces (22).
  • This system is actuated by the logic controller.
  • the trigger to the logic controller is by the smoke detector or smoke alarm or the fire alarm, which signals the fire breakout, by sending instructions to the logic controller.
  • the pneumatic control valve with the i/p converter (14) works with the modulation controller to deliver a pre-calculated flow rate that delivers nitrogen-rich air at a concentration of 95% or higher from the air separation unit (11).
  • the inlet of cylinders (d) has one or more NRV (c) which prevents any backflow to the protected space (22).
  • the cylinder's (d) discharge is controlled through a control valve (e) which is electrically actuated upon instructions from the logic controller.
  • a level sensor sends the fill status of the one or more cylinders (d) to the logic controller.
  • the air in the one or more cylinders (d) remains stored until instructed by the logic controller to release the contents to the protected space (22).
  • the logic controller issues this instruction as and when an alarm is raised by the one or more smoke detection units or smoke detectors which are triggered by sensors which are present inside the protected space (22), this further sets off the smoke detector actuating the control valve (e) to activate the fire extinguishing apparatus or device (d) to release the contents into the protected space.
  • One or more compressors (b) are present before the inlet to the fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) to compress the air at a concentration of 95% nitrogen or higher and store it in a pressurized form in the cylinders (d). The high pressure of the 95% nitrogen or higher, helps with faster discharge and delivery from the cylinders (d) into the protected spaces (22).
  • the supply of air at a concentration of 95% nitrogen or higher into the fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) from the pneumatic control valve with i/p converter (14) is controlled by the opening and closing of the control valve (a).
  • This control valve (a) is also connected to the logic controller and receives instruction from the same.
  • the logic controller After said discharge from the one or more cylinders (d), the logic controller checks for smoke through the smoke detection units present in the protected space (22). In case of no smoke, after a finite period of time, the logic controller instructs the advanced fire prevention system (100) to supply air at a concentration of 85-90 % Nitrogen to the protected space. The discharged cylinders are auto refilled again and the prescribed levels of nitrogen rich air are maintained by the level sensors, communicating to the logic controller.
  • the sensors fitted in the protected space (22) analyse the concentration of gases such as C0 2 , 0 2 and N 2 and others.
  • the said sensors send data to the logic controller which dictates the actions of the other components of the system.
  • the smoke detectors installed detect smouldering and pyrolysis and are connected to the logic controller as well.
  • the said logic controller has machine learning program to observe, study, analyse and predict the trends, frequency and duration of air leakages into the protected space (22). This is done through a plurality of sensors that detect presence such as a limit switch placed at the entrance to the protected space (22). The only mode of air leakage into the protected space (22) is through the entrance of the system.
  • the logic controller is programmed to take the inputs from the limit switch and instruct the plurality of compressors to prepare for the demand and remain functioning despite the preset logic in the logic controller. This paves way for a dynamic and active fire prevention system that is constantly aware of its surroundings.
  • the system correlates the duration and frequency of air leakages through the entrances with the demands posed to the system and instructs the logic controller to operate within the specified and safe allowable parameters.
  • An Internet of Things (IoT) hardware which is an embedded system with microcontroller and microprocessors, is interfaced to the said logic controller and accesses and reads the data from the logic controller through a Modbus network or a similar mechanism.
  • the IoT hardware has a caching area or EEPROM or similar system that stores the data from all the sensors, valves and compressor and sends the data to a remote station over the cloud.
  • the network connectivity is established over any of Wi-Fi, LAN or GSM.
  • the compressor and valves are also controlled from the remote station through the IoT hardware framework.
  • the IoT hardware also allows for the complete shutdown of the system remotely.
  • a web based platform and a smartphone application with a graphical user interface allows the users to monitor and control the systems remotely.
  • the IoT hardware is embedded as an independent hardware module.
  • one or more humidifiers may be installed in the protected space (22) to maintain comfortable humidity levels.
  • the fire rated panels have a standard fire rating of at least 60 minutes or more depending on the assessment of risk.
  • These fire -rated panels are modular in nature and are insulated metal panels that have a tongue and groove system with fasteners for easy and fast assembly. To improve tightness, sealants are applied between the panels. These panels are generally made of metal laminated sheets for the interior and exterior faces.
  • the inner insulation material that offers fire retardation is made of mineral wool or similar fire retardant material with a fire rating of at least 60 minutes or more.
  • These panels form the ceiling and walls of the area to be protected.
  • the pressure-tight and air-tight fire rated panels minimize the fresh ambient air leakage into and out of the protected space. Any glass panes and doors used have a standard fire rating of at least 60 minutes or more.
  • the air separation unit (11) is a membrane separator and the control valve (14) present downstream of the said air separation unit (11) is a pneumatic valve with an i/p converter.
  • the remote monitoring embedded device is a chip that is located near the logic controller and interfaced to the said logic controller through a Modbus/ ethernet channel.
  • the system as a whole offers fire protection and fire prevention from the inside of the protected space (22), through the nitrogen rich air, and also from the outside of the protected space (22), through the fire rated panels (23 ⁇ a, b, c...n ⁇ ).
  • the set-up is extendable to multiple rooms through the use of one or more compressors and one or more air separation units.
  • the advanced fire prevention system (101), providing nitrogen rich air to deter the ignition of fire in multiple enclosed areas concurrently, comprises of:
  • each of the said protected spaces consist of an air recirculation unit, a plurality of sensors including at least a pair of gas analysing sensors, a limit switch to detect the presence of air leakage, located at the entrance, a plurality of smoke detectors;
  • a plurality of compressors including a first compressor (24), a second compressor (26), the said first compressor (24) connected in parallel with the said second compressor (26); c. a plurality of filters (25, 27) downstream of each of the said compressors (24, 26), including a plurality of pre-filters, a plurality of post filters, a plurality of activated carbon filters;
  • a plurality of air separation units 35 ⁇ a,b,c...n ⁇ connected in parallel, downstream of the heating unit (30), consisting of a plurality of outlet lines, including a first set of outlet lines to output nitrogen rich air, a second set of outlet lines to output oxygen rich air; f. a plurality of valves;
  • a plurality of controllers including a first modulation controller controlling pressure fluctuations in the said plurality of compressors, a second controller being a logic controller with hard and soft redundancy to continuously monitor the parameters of the air in the system (101);
  • a plurality of manual override switches including a first manual override switch near the said logic controller, at least a second manual override switch in each of the protected spaces (50 ⁇ a,b,c, ...n ⁇ ); and,
  • a remote monitoring embedded device interfaced to the said logic controller.
  • a fire extinguishing system comprising a fire extinguishing apparatus/ device (d) storing a fire extinguishing agent,
  • the fire extinguishing agent is air comprising Nitrogen at a concentration of 95% and above.
  • a line for supplying fresh compressed air to the protected spaces arises upstream of the heating unit (30) and the opening of this line is controlled by the logic controller through a control valve (49).
  • the compressed air from the said compressors (24, 26) is passed through the heating unit (30) to raise the temperature of the compressed air to the pre-calculated design values.
  • Pressure and temperature sensors (29, 31, 32) monitor the parameters of the compressed air before it enters the batch of air separation units (35 ⁇ a, b, c...n ⁇ ).
  • the entry to each batch of said air separation units is controlled by the logic controller through a control valve (34).
  • the logic controller decides the batches of air separation units to be opened. Each batch typically contains 4 to 6 air separation units.
  • the air coming out of the air separation units is sent to the sensor (39) for analysing the concentration of N 2 in air through the opening of the control valve (38).
  • a manual valve (40) present downstream of this sampling line creates back pressure such that the sensor reads a concentration of 85-90% N 2 .
  • Downstream of the said manual valve is present a temperature sensor/transmitter (41) that detects the temperature of the flow, a gas concentration analyser (42) and a pneumatic valve with i/p converter (44).
  • the opening and closing of this valve is controlled by the logic controller with inputs from the gas concentration analyser.
  • the pneumatic control valve with i/p converter (44) is designed to fail-to-open so that the manual valve (40) present downstream of the control valve will produce air with a nitrogen concentration in the range of 85-90%.
  • the supply of nitrogen rich air and fresh air for flushing purposes for each of the protected areas is controlled through solenoid valves (46, 49).
  • the fail-to-open setting makes sure that in the case of an abrupt control valve failure, the valve's failure will have no effect on the back pressure in the lines and hence no effect on the concentration of nitrogen in the air coming out of the air separation unit. This ensures that unsafe nitrogen levels never reach any of the protected areas.
  • the fire extinguishing system comprising a compressor (a), a fire extinguishing apparatus or device (d) preferably comprises one or more cylinders (d) that store air at a concentration of 95% nitrogen or higher to combat smouldering and pyrolysis fires.
  • a control valve connected to the logic controller and controls the supply of the air
  • One or more compressors to compress the air at a concentration of 95% nitrogen or higher and store it in the cylinders (d) as a pressurised form
  • One or more NRVs to prevent the backflow from the cylinders to the protected spaces (50 ⁇ a,b,c...n ⁇ ).
  • the discharge from the one or more cylinders (d) to each of the protected spaces (50 ⁇ a,b,c...n ⁇ ) is controlled through the respective control valves ( e).
  • the air in the one or more cylinders (d) remain stored until instructed by the logic controller to release the contents to the protected space (50 ⁇ a,b,c,...n ⁇ ).
  • the logic controller issues this instruction when an alarm is raised by the one or more smoke detection units which are present inside the protected space (50 ⁇ a,b,c,...n ⁇ ).
  • the logic controller maintains the air in protected space at a concentration of 85-90% of nitrogen gas and the level sensor in the fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) sends fill status of the apparatus to the logic controller to auto-refill and maintain the nitrogen gas level and concentration in the apparatus (d).
  • the said remote monitoring embedded device which is an Internet of Things (IoT) hardware and framework, allows for remote monitoring and control of the system (100), data logging in a remote station as well as in the local machine through a cache memory, and storage of the data from the processes, from over the cloud.
  • the controller constantly logs data from all sensors and valves and other equipment controlled through it.
  • the data collection paves way for data mining to predict and prevent any future failures in any of the systems.
  • the logic controller is programmed to have machine learning integrated to monitor, analyse and study the system (100) and the protected space (22) in real time and further analyse and predict the demands and incorporate additional instructions to the action sequences prescribed in the logic controller so as to have a dynamic, reliable and effective fire prevention system
  • the multi-room system has the same set of precautionary and emergency venting lines to ensure that the N2 concentrations never reach unsafe levels in any of the protected spaces. This includes the emergency manual override switch located nearby the logic controller.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
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  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

An advanced fire prevention system and method thereof, wherein the said system (100) provides a wholesome fire prevention solution to enclosed spaces while keeping the atmosphere inside the said enclosure of breathable standards for human safety. The advanced fire prevention system (100) is fail safe and encompasses additional safety measures to ensure fail proof operation and can also be applied to a multi-room set-up (101). The present invention provides a holistic protection by preventing fires from igniting inside the enclosed spaces, extinguishing any smoldering and pyrolysis fires inside the enclosed spaces as well as offers protections from fires from the outside.

Description

AN ADVANCED FIRE PREVENTION SYSTEM AND METHOD THEREOF
FIELD OF INVENTION
The present invention relates to the field of fire prevention, particularly relates to an advanced fire prevention system that deters the ignition of fire in enclosed spaces while maintaining the atmosphere of the enclosed space of a breathable standard for human safety, and the method of operation thereof. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system that offers protection from outside fires, prevents ignition of fires inside the enclosed spaces and extinguish smoldering and pyrolysis fires in the confined or enclosed space.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Fire prevention is an important aspect to be considered during the construction of every building, not only for the safety of the residents and the people around, but also for the protection of the building, the surrounding buildings as well as the valuables enclosed within the building. The field of fire protection engineering has seen tremendous technological improvements as the need for protecting valuables such as expensive equipments, important documents and material properties of value has increased more than ever. Some of the significant technological improvements in the field of fire protection are effective sprinkler systems and new fire extinguishing techniques including halogenated fire extinguishing agents, hi-ex foams and water mists, and smoke detectors. The significant disadvantage of these systems is that they do not prevent fire; rather they only offer protection by detecting fire at an early stage followed by suppressing the fire before it leads to considerable damage.
This gave rise to the engineering of fire prevention wherein fire prevention systems were developed. Fire prevention systems, also called oxygen reduction systems or hypoxic air systems basically reduce the concentration of oxygen in a closed space such that a fire cannot be ignited in the first place. The oxygen content in hypoxic air systems is less than 18% and is safe for humans to breathe until the oxygen concentration does not go below 13%. Hypoxic air systems have been effective in fire prevention and various technologies have evolved in the field with respect to these systems.
US 6,334,315 relates to a hypoxic fire prevention and fire suppression system for computer cabinets and fire -hazardous industrial containers wherein the said system comprises an air compressor, an air separation device employing a molecular sieve adsorber for separating the air into an oxygen depleted fraction and into an oxygen enriched fraction and a collecting tank operatively associated with the said separation device receiving selectively said enriched-oxygen gas mixture therefrom and an outlet through which the fire retarding oxygen depleted fraction is supplied to the enclosed environment with oxygen content below 12%. The patent document EP15171399 reveals a system for providing a hypoxic air atmosphere in an enclosed space wherein the system comprises at least a compressor for providing compressed fresh air, pressure switches for continuously monitoring the air inlet pressure, an air separation device having one inlet for the compressed fresh air, one first outlet for the oxygen-depleted air and one second outlet for oxygen-enriched air; a protected zone control valve arranged downstream of the air separation device; and oxygen sensors arranged in the protected zone.
The above cited prior art documents; do not however, give a wholesome fire protection solution. They only prevent the ignition of fire inside the enclosed spaces and do not protect the enclosure from catching fire from the outside. Additionally, the prior art documents do not address the concern of providing a fail-safe fire prevention system nor do they have a measure to dynamically account for air leakage. The above systems also do not have an effective method to combat smouldering and pyrolysis fires Therefore, there is a need in the art to provide an advanced fire prevention system that addresses all the above mentioned technical problems and can further be applied to multiple rooms concurrently without the effectiveness of the system being affected.
OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION
The primary objective of the present invention is to provide an advanced fire prevention system which provides a complete fire prevention solution to enclosed systems.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide an advanced fire prevention system for enclosed spaces such that the atmosphere inside the said enclosure is of breathable standards for human safety. Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide an advanced fire prevention system which completely protects the enclosed system from fire from within as well as from the outside. Another objective of the present invention is to provide an advanced fire prevention system that is fail safe and encompasses additional safety measures to ensure fail proof operation of the system. Another objective of the present invention is to provide an advanced fire prevention system which can also be applied to a multi-room set-up.
Another objective of the present invention is to integrate machine learning with the logic controller to observe, analyse, learn, predict, instruct and take steps to account for air leakages that might compromise the effectiveness of the system.
Another objective of the present invention is to provide an embedded system that can monitor and control the system remotely through Internet of things hardware and framework.
Yet another objective of the present invention is to provide an advanced fire prevention system integrated with the smoke detection system with a fire extinguishing system for extinguishing smoldering and pyrolysis fires in enclosed spaces. SUMMARY OF INVENTION
The basic aspect of the present invention is directed to provide an advanced fire prevention system with a fire-extinguishing system to combat smouldering and pyrolytic fires.
It is a primary aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system (100), providing nitrogen rich air to deter the ignition of fire in an enclosed area, comprising of: a. a protected space (22) enclosed on all sides with one or more fire-rated panels (23 {a, b ,c...n}), wherein the said protected space (22) consists of an air recirculation unit, one or more sensors including one or more gas analysing sensors, one or more limit switches, one or more fire or smoke detectors;
b. one or more compressors [1], comprising one or more redundant compressors;
c. one or more filters downstream of the compressor (1), comprising a first a pre-filter (2), a post filter (3), and an activated carbon filter (4);
d. a heating unit (7), downstream of the compressor (1);
e. an air separation unit (11) comprising of one or more outlet lines, wherein at least one outlet line [11] output delivers nitrogen rich air as output, and at least one outlet line
(11A) delivers oxygen rich air as output;
f. one or more valves downstream of the said first output line of the air separation unit (11), comprising a series of control valves (14, 15, 17, 19), manual valves (16, 20), and check valve (21); g. one or more sensors, including one or more pressure sensor (5), one or more temperature sensors (6), a third a temperature sensor (8) placed on the heating unit (7), a fourth temperature sensor (10) downstream of the heating unit (7), a fifth temperature sensor (12) to monitor the temperature of the air leaving the first outlet line of the air separation unit (11), one or more gas analysing sensors (13,17) downstream of the air separation unit(l 1) downstream of the gas separation unit;
h. a line upstream of the heating unit (7), downstream of the pressure unit (5), to provide unaltered fresh air to the protected space (22);
i. one or more controllers, comprising a first modulation controller controlling pressure fluctuations, and a second controller being a logic controller (100);
j. one or more manual override switches comprising a first manual override switch near the said logic controller, a second manual override switch in the protected space (22);
k. a remote monitoring embedded device interfaced to the said logic controller;
1. a fire extinguishing system comprising a fire extinguishing apparatus/ device (d) storing a fire extinguishing agent, wherein the fire extinguishing agent is air comprising Nitrogen at a concentration of 95% and above.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein the said fire-rated panels (23 {a, b, c...n}) are made up of insulated metal panels with a tongue and groove system, along with fasteners.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein the inner and outer faces of the said fire-rated panels (23 {a, b, c...n}) are made of metal laminated sheets, the said faces are packed with a fire-retardant material in between.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein a sealant is applied between the said fire-rated panels (23 {a, b, c...n}).
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein the said fire -rated panels have a standard fire rating of at least 60 minutes.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein the logic controller consists of hard and soft redundancy. It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein the said logic controller has a remote monitoring embedded device to remotely monitor and control the system (100) and the protected space (22) through a smartphone or a web-based GUI platform or both.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein the sensors, valves, compressors, smoke detectors, and the heating unit (7) are connected to the logic controller.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein the said logic controller has a machine learning program integrated to it.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein the control valve (19) is controlled by the said logic controller to control the supply of unaltered fresh air to the protected space (22).
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein the said control valve (15) is electrically actuated.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein the said air separation unit (11) is a membrane separator.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein the said control valve (14) is a pneumatic valve with i/p converter.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein at least one or more humidifier may be installed in the said protected space (22).
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system, wherein the protected space is selected from a group comprising of, data centres, banks, vaults, cold storages, warehouses, archives, museums and other areas.
Still another objective of the present invention is to provide a system to detect and combat smouldering and pyrolysis fires. It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system (101), providing nitrogen rich air to deter the ignition of fire in multiple enclosed areas concurrently, comprising of:
a. one or more of protected spaces (50 {a, b, c...n}) enclosed on all sides with a one or more fire -rated panels (51 {a, b ,c...n}), wherein each of the said protected spaces consists of an air recirculation unit, one or more sensors comprising at least one or more gas analysing sensors, one or more limit switches; one or more smoke detectors;
b. one or more compressors, comprising redundant compressors
c. one or more filters (25, 27) downstream of each of the said compressors (24, 26), comprising one or more pre-filters, post filters, and activated carbon filters;
d. a heating unit,
e. one or more air separation units (35 {a,b,c...n}) connected in parallel, downstream of the heating unit (30), consisting of one or more outlet lines, including a first set of outlet lines to output nitrogen rich air, a second set of outlet lines to output oxygen rich air;
f. one or more valves downstream of the said first set of output lines;
g. one or more sensors;
h. a line upstream of the heating unit, to provide unaltered fresh air to the protected spaces; i. one or more controllers, including a first modulation controller controlling pressure fluctuations in the one or more compressors, a second logic controller to continuously monitor the parameters of the air in the system (101);
j. one or more manual override switches including a first manual override switch near the said logic controller, at least a second manual override switch in each of the protected spaces (50 {a,b,c...n}); and,
k. a remote monitoring embedded device interfaced to the said logic controller;
and
1. a fire extinguishing system comprising a fire extinguishing apparatus/ device (d) storing a fire extinguishing agent, wherein the fire extinguishing agent is air comprising Nitrogen at a concentration of 95% and above.
It is another aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system for enclosed space (22), wherein the fire extinguishing system comprises:
a compressor (b);
one or more control valves (a, e); and a fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) containing air with at least 95% Nitrogen gas and is connected to the control valve (14) through a non-returnable valve (c); wherein the valve (a) controls supply of air from the pneumatic control valve (14),
wherein valve (c) prevents the backflow from the cylinders to the protected spaces (22), wherein the logic controller on receiving input from the smoke detector in presence of smoke in the protected space (22), sets off the fire/ smoke detector actuating the control valve (e) to activate the fire extinguishing apparatus or device to release the contents into the protected space (22),wherein on extinguishing of the smoke or fire the logic controller maintains the air in the protected space at a concentration of 85-90% of Nitrogen gas, and
a level sensor in the fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) sends fill status of the apparatus to the logic controller to maintain the nitrogen gas level and concentration in the apparatus (d). ther aspect of the present invention to provide an advanced fire prevention system (101)tiple enclosed areas, with a fire extinguishing system comprising of:
a compressor (b);
one or more control valves (a, e); and
a fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) containing air with at least 95% Nitrogen gas and is connected to the control valve (44) through a non-returnable valve (c);
wherein valve (a) controls supply of air from the pneumatic control valve (44), wherein valve (c) prevents the backflow from the cylinders to the protected spaces (50
{a,b,c...n}),
wherein the logic controller on receiving input from the smoke detector in presence of smoke in the protected space (50 {a,b,c...n}),, sets off the fire/ smoke detector actuating the control valve (e) to activate the fire extinguishing apparatus or device to release the contents into the protected space (50 {a,b,c...n}),
wherein on extinguishing of the smoke or fire the logic controller maintains the air in the protected space at a concentration of 85-90% of Nitrogen gas, and
a level sensor in the fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) sends fill status of the apparatus to the logic controller to maintain the nitrogen gas level and concentration in the apparatus (d). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 represents the process flow diagram of the advanced fire prevention system of the present invention.
Figure 2 represents the process flow diagram of the advanced fire prevention system of the present invention applied to a multi-room set-up.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Throughout this specification, the use of the word "comprise" and variations such as "comprises" and "comprising" may imply the inclusion of an element or elements not specifically recited. The present invention relates to an advanced fire prevention system (100), providing nitrogen rich air to deter the ignition of fire in an enclosed area, comprising of:
a. a protected space (22) enclosed on all sides with a plurality of fire-rated panels (23 {a, b ,c...n}), wherein the said protected space (22) consists of an air recirculation unit, a plurality of sensors including at least a pair of gas analysing sensors, a limit switch to detect the presence of air leakage, located at the entrance, a plurality of smoke detectors; b. a plurality of compressors, including a first compressor (1), a second compressor being a redundant compressor;
c. a plurality of filters downstream of the said compressor (1), including a first filter being a pre-filter (2), a second filter being a post filter (3), a third filter being an activated carbon filter (4);
d. a heating unit (7), downstream of the said compressor (1);
e. an air separation unit (11) consisting of a plurality of outlet lines, including a first outlet line to output nitrogen rich air, a second outlet line (11A) to output oxygen rich air;
f. a plurality of valves downstream of the said first output line of the air separation unit (11), including a first control valve (14), a second control valve (15), a third manual valve (16), a fourth control valve (18), a fifth control valve (19), a sixth manual valve (20), a seventh check valve (21);
g. a plurality of sensors, including a first sensor being a pressure sensor (5) upstream of the heating unit (7), a second sensor being a temperature sensor (6) downstream of the said pressure sensor (5), a third sensor also being a temperature sensor (8) placed on the heating unit (7), a fourth sensor also being a temperature sensor (10) downstream of the heating unit (7), a fifth sensor also being a temperature sensor (12) to monitor the temperature of the air leaving the first outlet line of the air separation unit (11), a sixth sensor being a gas analysing sensor (13) upstream of the control valve (14), a seventh sensor also being a gas analysing sensor (17) downstream of the manual valve (16);
h. a line upstream of the heating unit (7), downstream of the pressure unit (5), to provide unaltered fresh air to the protected space (22);
i. a plurality of controllers, including a first modulation controller controlling pressure fluctuations in the said plurality of compressors, a second controller being a logic controller with hard and soft redundancy to continuously monitor the parameters of the air in the system (100),
j. a plurality of manual override switches including a first manual override switch near the said logic controller, at least a second manual override switch in the protected space (22); and,
k. a remote monitoring embedded device interfaced to the said logic controller
a fire extinguishing system comprising a fire extinguishing apparatus/ device (d) storing a fire extinguishing agent, wherein the fire extinguishing agent is air comprising Nitrogen at a concentration of 95% and above.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the fire -rated panels which enclose the area to be protected provide air-tightness and pressure-tightness inside the enclosure, and additionally provide good thermal insulation as well. In this embodiment, at least one of the plurality of compressors delivers air at a pressure higher than the ambient pressure. This compressed air is passed through the said pre-filters, post filters and activated carbon filters to remove dust, oil and other contaminants that might be present in the air. An oil water separator works to separate the oil from the water collected in the eco drain valves for safe and environment friendly disposal. The said compressors employed have a modulation control that smoothens out pressure fluctuations in the compressed air. This may help to reduce any hunting effect in the lines and may lead to improved process efficiency. A redundant compressor that acts a backup kicks-in when the said compressors fail. This ensures an uninterrupted flow of compressed air and eliminates any downtime of the process providing a year round active system. In an embodiment of the present invention, all of the sensors, valves, compressors and heating units are connected to a logic controller that continuously monitors the parameters of the air in the system. The logic controller used has a hard and soft redundancy built-in so that the process parameters can be monitored and controlled to be within allowable limits at all times. The said remote monitoring embedded device which is an Internet of Things (IoT) hardware and framework, allows for remote monitoring and control of the system (100), data logging in a remote station as well as in the local machine through a cache memory, and storage of the data from the processes, from over the cloud. The controller constantly logs data from all sensors and valves and other equipments controlled through it. The data collection paves way for data mining to predict and prevent any future failures in any of the systems. Moreover, the logic controller is programmed to have machine learning integrated to monitor, analyse and study the system (100) and the protected space (22) in real time and further analyse and predict the demands and incorporate additional instructions to the action sequences prescribed in the logic controller so as to have a dynamic, reliable and effective fire prevention system.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the pressure sensor (5) present at the end of the filters line continuously monitors the pressure of the compressed air. The compressed air from the said compressor is passed through a heating unit (7) to raise the temperature of the air to meet the pre-calculated design conditions of temperature and pressure. The temperature sensors (6, 10) present upstream and downstream of the heating unit (7) respectively, continuously monitor the temperature of the compressed air. The temperature sensor (8) placed on the heating unit coil monitors the correct working of the coil. In case of an abrupt temperature shoot in the compressed air downstream of the heating unit (7), the logic controller will work to cut off the electrical supply to the heating unit (7) until the temperature reaches the preferred set point. Upstream of the heating unit (7) and downstream of the pressure sensor (5), the line that provides unaltered fresh air to the protected space is present. This air will be used for flushing and emergency venting. The opening of this line is controlled by the logic controller through the control valve (19). The manual valve (20) is placed after the said control valve. The check valve (21) with a preset cracking pressure higher than the ambient pressure is placed after the said manual valve (20). The said check valve (21) and manual valve (20) together serve two purposes viz., prevent any backflow to the compressed air line from the protected space (22) and serve to reduce the pressure and flow rate of the air supplied to the protected space (22) to prevent any damages to glass partitions and equipments from rapid pressure build up.
Further, following the heating unit (7), the pressurised and hot air that meets a pre-calculated and pre-designed value, enters the air separation unit (11) which outputs air that is nitrogen rich at one end and oxygen-rich at the sides (11 A). This oxygen rich air is safely vented to the atmosphere through a separate line or used for other applications as dictated by specific requirements. Before this nitrogen rich air is supplied to the area to be protected, precautions have to be taken so that the air in the protected space (22) does not contain unsafe levels of nitrogen. This is achieved through the use of the control valve (14) with i/p converter, and the manual valve (16). Upstream of the control valve (14) is the sensor for analysing the gas concentration (13). The sensor analyses either the oxygen concentration in the nitrogen-air from the membrane or the nitrogen concentration, depending on the requirement. Since the major constituents in air comprise of oxygen and nitrogen, measurement of one of the two, yields the concentration of the other. The sensor (13) present upstream of the control valve (14) continuously sends signals to the logic controller. Based on the sensor data, the logic controller sends current signals to this control valve (14). The control valve (14) converts the current signals into equivalent pressure values and adjusts the valve position to create a back pressure in the line so that the sensors for analysing gas concentrations (13) read pre-determined and calculated values of gas concentration. The control valve (14) is designed to fail to open so that the manual valve (16) present downstream of the control valve will produce air with a nitrogen concentration in the range of 85-90%. The fail-to-open setting makes sure that in the case of an abrupt control valve failure, the valve's failure will have no effect on the back pressure in the lines and hence no effect on the concentration of nitrogen in the air coming out of the membrane. This ensures that unsafe nitrogen levels never reach the protected space (22). The manual valve (16) is adjusted and set permanently in such a way that the back pressure created by this valve produces nitrogen rich air with a concentration of 85-90% N2. Studies have shown that no serious illness or damages to the human body occur at this level of nitrogen in air for short exposure times. The sensor (17) continuously analyses the percentage concentration of air present downstream of the said manual valve. The said sensor (17) sends signals to the logic controller and an alarm is raised whenever unsafe nitrogen concentrations are reached. In the case of an unsafe nitrogen concentration detected by the said sensor (17), a separate line that arises downstream of the gas concentration analyser (13) and the control valve (14) will vent the air with unsafe levels of N2 concentration. The opening of this venting line is controlled through the use of an electrically actuated control valve (15) that is operated by the logic controller. If the control valve (15) in the venting line were to open, a control valve (18) present downstream of the manual valve (16) and the sensor for analysing gas concentration (17) will close, preventing any supply to the protected space (22). As an additional safety measure, a manual override switch is present near the logic controller and in the protected space (22). Activating the said switch leads to three actions, viz., the control valve (18) that supplies the nitrogen rich air to the protected space (22) will be closed; the control valve (15) will open and any air coming out of the air separation unit (11) will be vented to the atmosphere; the control valve (19) will open and fresh air will be pumped to the protected space (22) until N2 concentrations reach safer levels. The system (100) thus ensures that the air in the protected space (22) never reaches a concentration that endangers human life. To maintain the temperature in the enclosed protected space (22), an air recirculation unit that does not exchange air with the outside is installed. The said air recirculation unit recirculates the air and maintains the temperature at optimum levels depending on the requirement. The environments inside the protected spaces are inhospitable to most fires yet there may be a chance of smouldering and pyrolysis fires to develop. The heat release rate and spreading of smouldering fires is slow in an oxygen-reduced environment. The smouldering fires are extinguished at a concentration of 5-7.5% 02 in the ambient.
A preferred embodiment of the present invention discloses a fire-extinguishing system integrated to the fire prevention system to prevent and suppress fire, especially smouldering and pyrolytic fires. The fire extinguishing system comprises a compressor (b), one or more valves (a, e), and a fire extinguishing apparatus. The fire-extinguishing apparatus/ device or container, preferably is a cylinder or cylindrical container containing air especially air with a concentration of nitrogen of at least 95%, which is the fire extinguishing agent according to an embodiment of the present invention, and is maintained under pressure by a compressor, which is electronically actuated upon instructions from the logic controller. The fire extinguishing apparatus or device or cylinder (d) is connected to the control valve (14) by a non returnable valve or NRV (c) and valve (a) controls supply of air from the pneumatic control valve (14) and valve (c) prevents backflow from the fire extinguishing apparatus or cylinders (d) to the protected spaces (22). This system is actuated by the logic controller. The trigger to the logic controller is by the smoke detector or smoke alarm or the fire alarm, which signals the fire breakout, by sending instructions to the logic controller.
To store air at a concentration of 95% Nitrogen or higher, the pneumatic control valve with the i/p converter (14) works with the modulation controller to deliver a pre-calculated flow rate that delivers nitrogen-rich air at a concentration of 95% or higher from the air separation unit (11). The inlet of cylinders (d) has one or more NRV (c) which prevents any backflow to the protected space (22). The cylinder's (d) discharge is controlled through a control valve (e) which is electrically actuated upon instructions from the logic controller. A level sensor sends the fill status of the one or more cylinders (d) to the logic controller. The air in the one or more cylinders (d) remains stored until instructed by the logic controller to release the contents to the protected space (22). In the event of smoke or fire breakout the logic controller issues this instruction as and when an alarm is raised by the one or more smoke detection units or smoke detectors which are triggered by sensors which are present inside the protected space (22), this further sets off the smoke detector actuating the control valve (e) to activate the fire extinguishing apparatus or device (d) to release the contents into the protected space. One or more compressors (b) are present before the inlet to the fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) to compress the air at a concentration of 95% nitrogen or higher and store it in a pressurized form in the cylinders (d). The high pressure of the 95% nitrogen or higher, helps with faster discharge and delivery from the cylinders (d) into the protected spaces (22). The supply of air at a concentration of 95% nitrogen or higher into the fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) from the pneumatic control valve with i/p converter (14) is controlled by the opening and closing of the control valve (a). This control valve (a) is also connected to the logic controller and receives instruction from the same.
After said discharge from the one or more cylinders (d), the logic controller checks for smoke through the smoke detection units present in the protected space (22). In case of no smoke, after a finite period of time, the logic controller instructs the advanced fire prevention system (100) to supply air at a concentration of 85-90 % Nitrogen to the protected space. The discharged cylinders are auto refilled again and the prescribed levels of nitrogen rich air are maintained by the level sensors, communicating to the logic controller.
In the present embodiment, the sensors fitted in the protected space (22) analyse the concentration of gases such as C02, 02 and N2 and others. The said sensors send data to the logic controller which dictates the actions of the other components of the system. The smoke detectors installed detect smouldering and pyrolysis and are connected to the logic controller as well.
In the present embodiment, the said logic controller has machine learning program to observe, study, analyse and predict the trends, frequency and duration of air leakages into the protected space (22). This is done through a plurality of sensors that detect presence such as a limit switch placed at the entrance to the protected space (22). The only mode of air leakage into the protected space (22) is through the entrance of the system. The logic controller is programmed to take the inputs from the limit switch and instruct the plurality of compressors to prepare for the demand and remain functioning despite the preset logic in the logic controller. This paves way for a dynamic and active fire prevention system that is constantly aware of its surroundings.
In addition, the system correlates the duration and frequency of air leakages through the entrances with the demands posed to the system and instructs the logic controller to operate within the specified and safe allowable parameters. An Internet of Things (IoT) hardware, which is an embedded system with microcontroller and microprocessors, is interfaced to the said logic controller and accesses and reads the data from the logic controller through a Modbus network or a similar mechanism. The IoT hardware has a caching area or EEPROM or similar system that stores the data from all the sensors, valves and compressor and sends the data to a remote station over the cloud. The network connectivity is established over any of Wi-Fi, LAN or GSM. In addition to logging and monitoring the data from the remote station, the compressor and valves are also controlled from the remote station through the IoT hardware framework. The IoT hardware also allows for the complete shutdown of the system remotely. A web based platform and a smartphone application with a graphical user interface allows the users to monitor and control the systems remotely. The IoT hardware is embedded as an independent hardware module.
In another embodiment of the present invention, one or more humidifiers may be installed in the protected space (22) to maintain comfortable humidity levels.
In a specific preferred embodiment, for the best method of working of the present invention, the fire rated panels have a standard fire rating of at least 60 minutes or more depending on the assessment of risk. These fire -rated panels are modular in nature and are insulated metal panels that have a tongue and groove system with fasteners for easy and fast assembly. To improve tightness, sealants are applied between the panels. These panels are generally made of metal laminated sheets for the interior and exterior faces. The inner insulation material that offers fire retardation is made of mineral wool or similar fire retardant material with a fire rating of at least 60 minutes or more. These panels form the ceiling and walls of the area to be protected. The pressure-tight and air-tight fire rated panels minimize the fresh ambient air leakage into and out of the protected space. Any glass panes and doors used have a standard fire rating of at least 60 minutes or more.
In the said specific embodiment, the air separation unit (11) is a membrane separator and the control valve (14) present downstream of the said air separation unit (11) is a pneumatic valve with an i/p converter.
Furthermore, in the said specific embodiment, the remote monitoring embedded device is a chip that is located near the logic controller and interfaced to the said logic controller through a Modbus/ ethernet channel. The system as a whole offers fire protection and fire prevention from the inside of the protected space (22), through the nitrogen rich air, and also from the outside of the protected space (22), through the fire rated panels (23 {a, b, c...n}).
In another embodiment of the present invention, the set-up is extendable to multiple rooms through the use of one or more compressors and one or more air separation units. The advanced fire prevention system (101), providing nitrogen rich air to deter the ignition of fire in multiple enclosed areas concurrently, comprises of:
a. a plurality of protected spaces (50 {a, b, c...n}) enclosed on all sides with a plurality of fire -rated panels (51 {a, b ,c ...n}), wherein each of the said protected spaces consist of an air recirculation unit, a plurality of sensors including at least a pair of gas analysing sensors, a limit switch to detect the presence of air leakage, located at the entrance, a plurality of smoke detectors;
b. a plurality of compressors, including a first compressor (24), a second compressor (26), the said first compressor (24) connected in parallel with the said second compressor (26); c. a plurality of filters (25, 27) downstream of each of the said compressors (24, 26), including a plurality of pre-filters, a plurality of post filters, a plurality of activated carbon filters;
d. a heating unit (30), downstream of the said plurality of filters;
e. a plurality of air separation units (35 {a,b,c...n}) connected in parallel, downstream of the heating unit (30), consisting of a plurality of outlet lines, including a first set of outlet lines to output nitrogen rich air, a second set of outlet lines to output oxygen rich air; f. a plurality of valves;
g. a plurality of sensors;
h. a line upstream of the heating unit (30), to provide unaltered fresh air to the protected spaces;
i. a plurality of controllers, including a first modulation controller controlling pressure fluctuations in the said plurality of compressors, a second controller being a logic controller with hard and soft redundancy to continuously monitor the parameters of the air in the system (101);
j. a plurality of manual override switches including a first manual override switch near the said logic controller, at least a second manual override switch in each of the protected spaces (50 {a,b,c, ...n}); and,
k. a remote monitoring embedded device interfaced to the said logic controller. 1. a fire extinguishing system comprising a fire extinguishing apparatus/ device (d) storing a fire extinguishing agent,
wherein the fire extinguishing agent is air comprising Nitrogen at a concentration of 95% and above.
Similar to the advanced fire prevention system (100), in this embodiment, a line for supplying fresh compressed air to the protected spaces arises upstream of the heating unit (30) and the opening of this line is controlled by the logic controller through a control valve (49). The compressed air from the said compressors (24, 26) is passed through the heating unit (30) to raise the temperature of the compressed air to the pre-calculated design values. Pressure and temperature sensors (29, 31, 32) monitor the parameters of the compressed air before it enters the batch of air separation units (35 {a, b, c...n}). The entry to each batch of said air separation units is controlled by the logic controller through a control valve (34). Depending on the requirements of the enclosed spaces (50 {a, b, c...n}), the logic controller decides the batches of air separation units to be opened. Each batch typically contains 4 to 6 air separation units. The air coming out of the air separation units is sent to the sensor (39) for analysing the concentration of N2 in air through the opening of the control valve (38). A manual valve (40) present downstream of this sampling line creates back pressure such that the sensor reads a concentration of 85-90% N2. Downstream of the said manual valve is present a temperature sensor/transmitter (41) that detects the temperature of the flow, a gas concentration analyser (42) and a pneumatic valve with i/p converter (44). The opening and closing of this valve is controlled by the logic controller with inputs from the gas concentration analyser. The pneumatic control valve with i/p converter (44) is designed to fail-to-open so that the manual valve (40) present downstream of the control valve will produce air with a nitrogen concentration in the range of 85-90%. The supply of nitrogen rich air and fresh air for flushing purposes for each of the protected areas is controlled through solenoid valves (46, 49). The fail-to-open setting makes sure that in the case of an abrupt control valve failure, the valve's failure will have no effect on the back pressure in the lines and hence no effect on the concentration of nitrogen in the air coming out of the air separation unit. This ensures that unsafe nitrogen levels never reach any of the protected areas.
Downstream of the pneumatic valve with I/p converter (44) is present the fire extinguishing system comprising a compressor (a), a fire extinguishing apparatus or device (d) preferably comprises one or more cylinders (d) that store air at a concentration of 95% nitrogen or higher to combat smouldering and pyrolysis fires. Upstream of the cylinders (d) are present: a control valve (a) connected to the logic controller and controls the supply of the air, One or more compressors (b) to compress the air at a concentration of 95% nitrogen or higher and store it in the cylinders (d) as a pressurised form, One or more NRVs (c) to prevent the backflow from the cylinders to the protected spaces (50 {a,b,c...n}). The discharge from the one or more cylinders (d) to each of the protected spaces (50 {a,b,c...n}) is controlled through the respective control valves ( e). The air in the one or more cylinders (d) remain stored until instructed by the logic controller to release the contents to the protected space (50{a,b,c,...n}). The logic controller issues this instruction when an alarm is raised by the one or more smoke detection units which are present inside the protected space (50{a,b,c,...n}). Once the contents of the fire- extinguishing apparatus/ devices are released, the discharged cylinders are auto refilled again and the prescribed levels of nitrogen rich air are maintained by the level sensors, communicating to the logic controller. The logic controller maintains the air in protected space at a concentration of 85-90% of nitrogen gas and the level sensor in the fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) sends fill status of the apparatus to the logic controller to auto-refill and maintain the nitrogen gas level and concentration in the apparatus (d).
All of the sensors, valves, compressors heating units, fire/ smoke detectors and the fire- extinguishing systems are connected to a logic controller that continuously monitors the parameters of the air in the system. The said remote monitoring embedded device which is an Internet of Things (IoT) hardware and framework, allows for remote monitoring and control of the system (100), data logging in a remote station as well as in the local machine through a cache memory, and storage of the data from the processes, from over the cloud. The controller constantly logs data from all sensors and valves and other equipment controlled through it. The data collection paves way for data mining to predict and prevent any future failures in any of the systems. Moreover, the logic controller is programmed to have machine learning integrated to monitor, analyse and study the system (100) and the protected space (22) in real time and further analyse and predict the demands and incorporate additional instructions to the action sequences prescribed in the logic controller so as to have a dynamic, reliable and effective fire prevention system The multi-room system has the same set of precautionary and emergency venting lines to ensure that the N2 concentrations never reach unsafe levels in any of the protected spaces. This includes the emergency manual override switch located nearby the logic controller.
It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art that the above description is for illustrative purposes only and should not be considered as limiting. Various modifications, additions, alterations, and improvements without deviating from the spirit and the scope of the invention which may be made by a person skilled in the art, shall still fall within the scope and purview of the present invention.

Claims

WE CLAIM:
1. An advanced fire prevention system (100), providing nitrogen rich air to deter the ignition of fire in an enclosed area, comprising of:
a. a protected space (22) enclosed on all sides with one or more fire-rated panels (23 {a, b ,c...n}), wherein the said protected space (22) consists of an air recirculation unit, one or more sensors including one or more gas analysing sensors, one or more limit switches, one or more fire or smoke detectors;
b. one or more compressors [1], comprising one or more redundant compressors;
c. one or more filters downstream of the compressor (1), comprising a pre-filter (2), a post filter (3), and an activated carbon filter (4);
d. a heating unit (7), downstream of the compressor (1);
e. an air separation unit (11) comprising of one or more outlet lines, wherein at least one outlet line [11] delivers nitrogen rich air as output, and at least one outlet line (11 A) delivers oxygen rich air as output;
f. one or more valves downstream of the said first output line of the air separation unit (11), comprising a series of control valves (14, 15, 17, 19), manual valves (16, 20), and check valve (21);
g. one or more sensors, including one or more pressure sensor (5), one or more temperature sensors (6), a third a temperature sensor (8) placed on the heating unit (7), a fourth temperature sensor (10) downstream of the heating unit (7), a fifth temperature sensor (12) to monitor the temperature of the air leaving the first outlet line of the air separation unit (11), one or more gas analysing sensors (13,17) downstream of the air separation unit(l l) downstream of the gas separation unit;
h. a line upstream of the heating unit (7), downstream of the pressure unit (5), to provide unaltered fresh air to the protected space (22);
i. one or more controllers, comprising a first modulation controller controlling pressure fluctuations, and a second controller being a logic controller (100);
j. one or more manual override switches comprising a first manual override switch near the said logic controller, a second manual override switch in the protected space (22); k. a remote monitoring embedded device interfaced to the said logic controller;
and
1. a fire extinguishing system,
characterized in that the advanced fire prevention system prevents outside fires from entering the protected spaces, maintains an atmosphere of a breathable standard for human safety and prevents fires from igniting inside the enclosed spaces, wherein
wherein the fire-extinguishing system extinguishes smouldering and pyrolytic fires inside the protected spaces,
wherein the fire prevention system performance including accounting for dynamic air leakages is optimized by integration with machine learning in the logic controller wherein the embedded system monitors and controls the system remotely through Internet of things hardware and framework.
2. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said fire-rated panels (23 {a, b, c...n}) are made up of insulated metal panels with a tongue and groove system, along with fasteners.
3. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inner and outer faces of the said fire-rated panels (23 {a, b, c...n}) are made of metal laminated sheets, the said faces are packed with a fire-retardant material in between.
4. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein a sealant is applied between the fire-rated panels (23 {a, b, c...n}).
5. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1 and claim 3, wherein the said fire -rated panels have a standard fire rating of at least 60 minutes.
6. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the logic controller consists of hard and soft redundancy.
7. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1 and claim 6, wherein the said logic controller has a remote monitoring embedded device to remotely monitor and control the system (100) and the protected space (22) through a smartphone or a web-based GUI platform or both.
8. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sensors, valves, compressors, smoke detectors, and the heating unit (7) are connected to the logic controller.
9. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said logic controller has a machine learning program integrated to it.
10. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control valve (19) is controlled by the said logic controller to control the supply of unaltered fresh air to the protected space (22).
11. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control valve (15) is electrically actuated.
12. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the said air separation unit (11) is a membrane separator.
13. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control valve (14) is a pneumatic valve with i/p converter.
14. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one or more humidifier may be installed in the said protected space (22).
15. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the protected space (22) is selected from a group comprising of, data centres, banks, vaults, cold storages, warehouses, archives, museums and other areas.
16. An advanced fire prevention system (101), providing nitrogen rich air to deter the ignition of fire in multiple enclosed areas concurrently, comprising of:
a. one or more of protected spaces (50 {a, b, c...n}) enclosed on all sides with a one or more fire -rated panels (51 {a, b ,c...n}), wherein each of the said protected spaces consists of an air recirculation unit, one or more sensors comprising at least one or more gas analysing sensors, one or more limit switches; one or more smoke detectors;
b. one or more compressors, comprising redundant compressors;
c. one or more filters (25, 27) downstream of each of the said compressors (24, 26), comprising one or more pre-filters, post filters, and activated carbon filters;
d. a heating unit; e. one or more air separation units (35 {a, b, c...n}) connected in parallel, downstream of the heating unit (30), consisting of one or more outlet lines, including a first set of outlet lines to output nitrogen rich air, a second set of outlet lines to output oxygen rich air; f. one or more valves downstream of the said first set of output lines;
g. one or more sensors;
h. a line upstream of the heating unit (30), to provide unaltered fresh air to the protected spaces;
i. one or more controllers, including a first modulation controller controlling pressure fluctuations in the one or more compressors, a second logic controller to continuously monitor the parameters of the air in the system (101);
j . one or more manual override switches including a first manual override switch near the said logic controller, at least a second manual override switch in each of the protected spaces (50 {a, b, c...n}); and,
k. a remote monitoring embedded device interfaced to the said logic controller; and
1. a fire extinguishing system,
characterized in that the advanced fire prevention system prevents outside fires from entering the protected spaces, maintains an atmosphere of a breathable standard for human safety and prevents fires from igniting inside the enclosed spaces,
wherein the fire-extinguishing system extinguishes smouldering and pyrolytic fires inside the protected spaces, and
wherein the fire prevention system performance including accounting for dynamic air leakages is optimized by integration with machine learning in the logic controller wherein the embedded system monitors and controls the system remotely through Internet of things hardware and framework.
17. The advanced fire prevention system (100) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fire extinguishing system comprises:
a compressor (b);
one or more control valves (a, e); and
a fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) storing a fire extinguishing agent;
wherein the fire extinguishing agent is air comprising Nitrogen gas at a concentration of
95% and above and is connected to the control valve (14) through a non-returnable valve
(c),
wherein valve (a) controls supply of air from the pneumatic control valve (14), wherein valve (c) prevents the backflow from the cylinders to the protected spaces (22) wherein the logic controller on receiving input from the smoke detector in presence of smoke in the protected space (22), sets off the fire/ smoke detector actuating the control valve (e) to activate the fire extinguishing apparatus or device to release the contents into the protected space (22),
wherein on extinguishing of the smoke or fire the logic controller maintains the air in the protected space at a concentration of 85-90% of Nitrogen gas, and
a level sensor in the fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) sends fill status of the apparatus to the logic controller to auto-refill and maintain the nitrogen gas level and concentration in the apparatus (d).
18. The advanced fire prevention system (101) for multiple enclosed areas as claimed in claim 16, wherein the fire extinguishing system comprises:
a compressor (b);
one or more control valves (a, c); and
a fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) storing a fire extinguishing agent;
wherein the fire extinguishing agent is air comprising Nitrogen gas at a concentration of
95% and above and is connected to the control valve (44) through a non-returnable valve
(c),
wherein valve (a) controls supply of air from the pneumatic control valve (44), wherein valve (c) prevents the backflow from the cylinders to the protected spaces (50 {a, b, c...n}),
wherein the logic controller on receiving input from the smoke detector in presence of smoke in the protected space (22), sets off the fire/ smoke detector actuating the control valve (e) to activate the fire extinguishing apparatus or device to release the contents into the protected space (50 {a, b, c...n}),
wherein on extinguishing of the smoke or fire the logic controller maintains the air in the protected space at a concentration of 85-90% of Nitrogen gas, and
a level sensor in the fire-extinguishing apparatus or device (d) sends fill status of the apparatus to the logic controller to auto-refill and maintain the nitrogen gas level and concentration in the apparatus (d).
PCT/IN2018/050520 2017-08-16 2018-08-09 An advanced fire prevention system and method thereof WO2019035142A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IN201741028935 2017-08-16
IN201741028935 2017-08-16
IN201843020324 2018-05-30
IN201843020324 2018-05-30

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