RU19087U1 - MOBILE UNIT FOR SWABING WELLS - Google Patents

Description

MOBILE UNIT FOR SWABING WELLS

The utility model relates to the oil and gas industry, in particular, it is a mobile unit that is used to excite oil and gas wells equipped with pump-compressor pipes (tubing) by the swabbing method (pistoning) i.e. impact on the reservoir with reduced hydrostatic pressure. This unit can also be used for hoisting operations of the tool during the ongoing maintenance of wells, as well as for geophysical work.

Known devices for exciting wells with low hydrostatic pressure, for example, compressors,

testers, implosion tubes, etc. (see .. Safety rules in the oil and gas industry. Approved by the Gosgortekhnadzor of Russia on 12/14/92, M., Avangard LLP, 1993).

In practice, compressors are widely used. The technology consists in lowering the fluid pressure in the formation zone by blowing the well with compressed air.

However, prolonged use of the compressor for these purposes can lead to an explosive situation, as the air leaving the well is saturated with explosive gases, which can lead to an explosion of the mixture.

Formation testers lower the fluid pressure in the formation by packing the well and sucking out a certain amount of fluid from the packer.

IPC 7 E 21 V 43/25

However, such a device is inefficient because it lowers the pressure of the well fluid only for a short time, which does not allow the formation to run on a constant flow of oil.

These disadvantages are eliminated in devices for impacting the reservoir with reduced hydrostatic pressure by the method of pistoning (swabbing) the well (see K.I. Jafarov. Piston tarturing. Journal of Oil Industry, 1995, No. 5.6, pp. 91-93). A tool for swabbing a well equipped with tubing in the form of a cuff (swab) of elastic material with spring petals on the outer surface is fixed on a cable and through a lubricator fixed to the wellhead, it is lowered into the well with a winch. The fluid flows from under the cuff; when lifting the tool on the cable, the cuff is snug against the tubing walls. This method of well stimulation has found wide application as the most versatile, reliable, easy to implement.

To implement the well-known method of stimulating wells, self-propelled aggregates are used to carry out tripping operations during the current repair of wells, for screwing and unscrewing tubing, deep-sucker rods, and for cleaning sand plugs using a choke. These units, when winding a tartar rope winch onto a drum, can also carry out swabbing operations (see, for example, Promotional Prospect of JSC Krasny Proletary. Units for well repair A2-32, A4-32. Sterlitamak, 1999).

A well-known unit for swabbing a well includes a self-propelled vehicle - a truck, on the platform of which are mounted a telescopic two-section mast consisting of farms with a crown block and a hoist system, a winch with

a drum, a cable on the drum and a brake system of the drum in the form of two brake pulleys with tapes. The mast is mounted on the vehicle platform with the possibility of moving it from the transport position to the working one and vice versa. The platform also has an operator panel, a tool cabinet for working on the well, a hydraulic drive for auxiliary mechanisms (mast lifting). As the drive unit is used traction motor vehicle.

However, the known unit has insufficient efficiency when carrying out work on swabbing wells, its use requires large labor and energy costs. This is explained by the following. Since the known unit is not equipped with a tool for swabbing the well, additional material and labor costs are required to purchase a set of these tools, deliver it to the well and store it after work is carried out on the well. At the same time, an additional large complex of work is required to change the unit from one type of work (well repair) to another (swabbing), namely: bring the tool in, rewind the cable from the drum from a large diameter to a smaller one to ensure that work is carried out at great depths.

In addition, the known unit has limitations in use in cases where the well is already equipped with a tower for carrying out any work, in order to carry out work on swabbing such a well with a known unit, it is necessary to dismantle the tower, and after carrying out the work, mount it again on the well that requires additional material and labor costs.

since due to the increased diameter of the cable (to ensure hoisting operations, with a large load on the cable), the cable length is limited by the overall dimensions of the drum.

In addition, due to the presence of a hoist system in the unit, the speed of tripping is limited, which reduces the efficiency of swabbing, as at low lifting speeds of the swab tool, a large flow of fluid into the tubing can occur, which reduces the swab efficiency.

Another disadvantage of the known unit is the insufficient height of the hook - the reserve length of the cable to the upper point of the ground equipment - due to the presence of the tackle system, thus the likelihood of an emergency due to the downhole tool being thrown onto the crown block.

The technical task to which the claimed utility model is directed is to create a mobile universal unit for swabbing any wells: both not equipped and equipped with derricks, while ensuring ease of conversion from mast to mastless version (using the tower that is equipped with well), as well as increasing the efficiency of swabbing operations by increasing the lifting speed of the swabbing tool.

The stated technical problem is achieved due to the fact that in the known unit for swabbing wells, including a self-propelled vehicle, on the platform of which is mounted with the possibility of moving from transport to working position the mast with crown block, as well as a winch with a drum and brake system and with a cable laid on the drum , operator panel with workstation, wardrobe

for tools, as well as drive mechanisms, sections of the telescopic mast are made up of pipes, and when the mast is in transport position, the swab set is mounted on the mast, including the downhole part of the equipment located in the ground part of the equipment, and the mast support is made in the form of a screw outrigger with ball joint and shoe, the winch is additionally equipped with a unit for winding the cable onto the drum and a sensor for measuring the length of the cable, and the brake system of the winch is made in the form of an installed th one end of the drum brake pulley with tape, while on the platform further has a guide block and a suspension unit with a cable tension sensor.

For the convenience of servicing the upper part of the ground equipment during geophysical or survey work on the well, the lower platform of the mast is fixed with the possibility of extending the working platform with the flight ladder to the working position.

The proposed constructive design of a unit for swabbing a well has allowed the creation of a mobile universal unit that provides work on wells both not equipped and equipped with derricks, which makes the device universal. Moreover, the proposed swab assembly provides high swab efficiency, high operational reliability. This is achieved due to the fact that the introduction of an additional guide block and a suspension block with a tension sensor, as well as the implementation of the mast consisting of pipe sections, in the absence of a tackle system, made it possible to seamlessly transfer the operation of the unit from the mast version to the version using the tower, which the well is already equipped with the moment of swabbing. Securing the swab tool kit directly onto the cable (without using a tackle

systems) allowed, firstly, to increase the lifting speed of the tool for swabbing in the well and thereby reduce the flow of fluid into the tubing and increase the efficiency of the unit, as well as significantly reduce the time for hoisting operations, and secondly, allowed to increase the height of the lifting tool (up to 16 m instead of 12.2 from the known one) with respect to the upper point of the ground equipment, thereby reducing the likelihood of a well tool being thrown onto the crown block in case of an emergency. The implementation of the unit only for the swabbing of wells allowed the installation of a drum with a larger rope capacity. As a result, the inventive unit operates in wells with great depth (at least 3000 m). To move the cable with the tool, it is enough to place the brake system from one end of the drum ..

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawing, in which in FIG. 1 shows a mobile unit for swabbing a well (in a transport version); in FIG. 2 - the same, top view; in FIG. 3 unit in working position at the well, mast version; in FIG. 4 unit in working position on a well equipped with a tower; in FIG. 5 - embodiment of the unit with the working platform.

The mobile swab unit includes a self-propelled vehicle 1 mounted on an Ural-55571-30 off-road vehicle chassis. As a drive unit mechanisms used traction motor vehicle. A telescopic two-section mast 3 is fixed on the vehicle platform 2, each section of which is made of pipes. The axis 4 is rigidly fixed on the lower section of the mast 3, relative to which the mast 3 is rotated when it is transferred from the transport to the working position. Axis 4 rotates in bearings mounted on racks 5, rigidly

mounted on the platform 2. On the upper section of the mast 3 is mounted crown block 6. The mast mast 3 is a screw outrigger 7 with a ball bearing and a shoe. Using a screw, the outrigger 7 is set to the desired height in the working position of the mast 3.

A frame 8 is mounted on the platform 2, on which the winch drum 9 is fixed. The shaft 10 of the drum 9 rotates on two spherical bearings mounted in bearings mounted on the frame 8, and is connected through pneumatic friction clutches. The brake of the drum 9 is made in the form of a pulley 11c with a tape and is fixed on one end of the drum 9. The brake 11 of the drum 9 is controlled by pneumatic and manual mechanical control. A cable 12 is laid on the drum 9. The rope capacity of the drum 9 with a cable diameter of 15 mm is not less than 3000 m. The winch of the drum 9 is additionally equipped with a movable block 13 designed to ensure the cable 12 is correctly wound on the drum 9, and a cable length measurement sensor 14 fixed 12 on the casing of the block 13. The block 13 is mounted on an axis 15 fixed rigidly on the frame 8. To control the cable tension 12 on the crown block 6 of the mast 3, a cable tension sensor 12 is installed (not shown in the drawing).

The well swab assembly includes a swab tool kit 16, which is stacked on top of the mast 3 in transport position. The swab tool kit 16 includes a ground part of the equipment: drip tray, stuffing box cleaner 17, releasing device, lubricator 18, and the downhole part of the equipment: cable lock, carbine, cargo, upper and lower mandrels, shock yass, swab cuffs. In the transport position, the downhole part of the equipment is located in the ground part and is compactly located on the mast 3 of the unit. Preventer 19 with an exit signaling device is also included in the equipment set, which is fixed on platform 2 of car 1. On the platform,

the driver’s console 20 and the cabinet 21 for tools are mounted in the driver's cab.

The unit for operation in a mastless version, when the well already has a rig equipment - a tower 22 with an elevator 23, for example, an aggregate for major overhauls, is additionally equipped with a guide block 24 and a suspension block 25 with a cable tension sensor. The guide unit 24 in the operating position of the unit is mounted near the wellhead 26, and the suspension unit 25 is mounted on the elevator 23 of the tower 22. Blocks 24 and 25 serve to change the direction of movement of the cable 12 with the set of tools 16 for swabbing mounted on it when working without a mast 3- e using tower equipment 22 at the well.

For ease of maintenance of the upper part of the ground equipment during geophysical or survey work on the well, the lower section of the mast 3 is fixed with the possibility of extending the working platform 27 with the flight ladder 28 into working position. Cutout was made for the free passage of the tool 16 on the platform 27.

The operation of the unit for swabbing the well is as follows.

A truck 1 with equipment installed on its platform is transported to the well.

When the unit operates according to the variant with the mast 3, the swab unit is installed so that in the working position the axis of the lubricator 18 coincides with the axis of the well. The mast 3 is raised from the transport position to the working position, as well as the extension of the upper mast 3 section to the required height is performed using hydraulic cylinders. From below, the mast 3 rests on the screw outrigger 7. On the cable 12, thrown over the movable block 13 and crown block 6, the whole

a set of tools for swabbing is lowered into the well, and the ground part is fixed at the mouth 26. When lifting the cuff swab on the cable 12, the cable is rolled onto the drum 9 by the operator’s signal.

If the well is equipped with rig equipment, for example, a lifting repair unit with a tower 22, the suspension block 25 is previously mounted on the elevator 23, and the guide block 24 is mounted on the wellhead 26. The cable 12 moves through the guide block 24 and the suspension block 25, the cable tension is controlled by a tension sensor (not shown in the drawing). After readjustment, work on swabbing the well is carried out in the same way as when working with mast 3.

The proposed unit is a mobile universal device for carrying out work on stimulating wells by swabbing, it works in any version: both with its own mast and with the rig equipment of the well. The proposed unit provides a high speed swab; the time of tripping is reduced by at least 2 times than that of known ones. The unit ensures swabbing at wells of great depth - not less than 3000 m (for known units - up to 2300 m). The unit has high operational reliability; during its operation, the likelihood of emergencies is reduced due to the casting of a downhole tool on the crown block. In addition, the entire set of tools for work is always included in the set of equipment of the unit, mounted on a car, which simplifies the preparatory work for work on the well, reduces material and energy resources.

March 5, 2001

Claims (2)

1. A mobile unit for swabbing wells, including a self-propelled vehicle, on the platform of which a telescopic two-section mast with crown block is mounted with the possibility of transferring from a transport to a working position, as well as a winch with a drum and brake system and a cable laid on the drum, an operator console with a working place, tool cabinet and drive, characterized in that the sections of the telescopic mast are made up of pipes, when the mast is in the transport position, the set is fixed to the mast The swab tool includes a downhole component located in the ground part of the equipment, and the mast support is made in the form of a screw outrigger, the drum winch is mounted on an additional frame and is additionally equipped with a movable unit for winding the cable onto the drum and a cable length measuring sensor, and the winch brake system made in the form of a brake pulley mounted on one end of the drum with a tape, while on the platform there is an additional guide block and a suspension block with a cable tension sensor, and in achestve drive mechanisms used Traction vehicle motor. 2. The unit according to claim 1, characterized in that on the mast is fixed with the possibility of extension to the working position of the working platform with a marching ladder.