RU190535U1 - U-shaped fire extinguisher for fire and explosion prevention and solid fire extinguishing - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a fire extinguishing technique, namely to portable fire extinguishing devices and fire extinguishers for fire and fire fighting equipment, to prevent and extinguish fires with inorganic fast-hardening foam. extinguishing agent, a means of mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and foaming a mixture of components of a fire extinguishing agent; means for creating pressure inside the housing; The body of the fire extinguisher is made U-shaped in the form of two mostly vertical orientation points. bath cylindrical cylinders, in which the lower ends are connected to each other from below by means of taps, and the upper ends are closed from the top with lids, to one of which pipelines of separate feeding components of the fire extinguishing agent are connected to the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of fire extinguishing substance components, and to the other - creating pressure inside the case in the form of a gas generator with the possibility of creating a pressure of 0.8-1 MPa inside the case, for example, a solid-fuel generator GG-10 (B) -02. 12 hp f-ly, 2 tab. 9 il.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to a fire extinguishing technique, in particular, to fire extinguishing devices and fire extinguishers for fire and explosion prevention and fire extinguishing with an inorganic fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel and can be used for fire prevention and fire extinguishing in the initial stage of their occurrence in enclosed spaces and open areas. and burning petroleum products, rubber products, products made of synthetic materials, alcohols, wood, paints and varnishes fishing and other solid and liquid carbonaceous fuels.

The level of technology

It is known that water is the most widely used fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing fires [A.N. Baratov, E.N. Ivanov. Fire extinguishing at the enterprises of the chemical and petrochemical industry. - M .: Chemistry, 1979, p. 64-72].

To increase the fire extinguishing capacity of water, additives that increase the viscosity of water (thickeners) or reduce its surface tension (foaming agents) [SU 797707, A62D 1/00, 1981] are usually introduced into its composition, or inorganic salts - chlorides, carbonates are added. and alkali metal bicarbonates, clays and other finely dispersed substances that increase the fire extinguishing capacity of water.

Known, in particular, the mineral-water suspension for extinguishing a fire [RU 2098158, A62D 1/00, A62C 3/00, 10.12.1997], which, to increase the adhesion and insulating properties of the mineral-water composition, contains, by weight. %: 7-16 liquid glass, 13-72 clay and 20-80 water. The resulting suspension is used by spraying various existing methods (using pumps, bottling from aircraft or helicopters).

The main disadvantage of such formulations is the complexity, complexity of preparation and the possibility of separation during storage, as well as the release of toxic combustion products during the decomposition of organic components of the composition.

A fire extinguishing agent is known to extinguish oil and oil products [RU 2263525, A62D 1/00, 10.11.2005], which, to increase efficiency, cheapness and ease of use, contains an extinguishing composition applied to granules of refractory porous material with a diameter of 10-50 mm with a working a layer thickness of 1-5 mm. The extinguishing composition contains calcium bicarbonate in the amount of 0.2-0.8 weight. hours, liquid glass in the amount of 0.2-0.8 weight. hours and 0.1-0.3 weight. h. inhibiting additives.

Known composition [DE 10054686, 06.06.2002], containing more than 50% of liquid glass, mainly 90-98% with a module of liquid glass in the range of 1-4. The effectiveness of such a composition is provided by the ability of liquid glass to form a heat-resistant insulating film on the burning surface, which prevents the access of oxygen to the burning surface.

The main disadvantage of this composition is its high viscosity, and therefore this fire extinguishing composition is applied to the burning surface from aerosol packages with the help of transporting gases - nitrogen, carbon dioxide or blowing agents, as well as with the help of other devices.

For more effective use of liquid glass as an extinguishing composition, it is necessary to reduce its viscosity by introducing water into the composition. In relation to water, liquid glass is a thickener, and in relation to liquid glass, water is a thinner.

Known composition for extinguishing forest fires with a small amount of water [RU 2449825, A62D 1/00, 10.05.2012] containing water and a finely divided mixture of low-melting glass in a concentration of 0.0001-10% in the form of a solution or suspension. When melted under the action of fire components form a glass film on the surface of a burning object and prevent the access of oxygen.

Known aqueous solution for extinguishing fires [RU 2275951, A62D 1/00, 10.05.2006], which is to ensure the necessary level of viscosity and achieve a significant reduction in temperature in the combustion zone, high values of temperature resistance and insulating capacity of the composition due to evaporation of free water and thermal foaming of liquid glass, contains water in the amount of 50-95 wt. % and as a thickening additive liquid glass with a module of 2.5-3.2 in the amount of 5-50 wt. %

Additionally, this composition may contain high-molecular surfactant (surfactant) in the form of a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol-toluene-water with a surface tension of less than 30 mN / m on the basis of 0.001-0.1 kg of surfactant per cubic meter of water in solution. The presence of surfactant in the composition of the solution improves its dispersion when spraying and fixing on the burning surface. After extinguishing with the proposed composition, the surface of combustion objects as a result of thermal foaming or in its physical essence of boiling up as a result of intense heating of the sprayed layer of the solution is covered with a layer of solid inorganic foam 2.5-5.5 cm thick, and this layer, acting as a kind of filter, provides less residual smoke from the burning surface.

As indicated in the description of RU 2275951, the fire is extinguished with this composition according to the following mechanism: When a jet of liquid glass solution flies to the burning surface, the solution heats up under the action of high temperature and decreases its viscosity, which contributes to a better spreading of the solution on the burning surface.

When water evaporates from a solution, the concentration of liquid glass on the burning surface increases, its viscosity increases significantly, and when water is completely evaporated from the composition of the solution, a film of liquid glass remains on the burning surface, which has the property of continuity.

An increase in wettability with a burning surface solution and an increase in jet dispersion is achieved by introducing a high molecular weight surfactant (surfactant) with a surface tension of less than 30⋅10 ^-3 N / m, for example, based on polyvinyl alcohol, toluene and water in an amount of 0.001 -0.1 kg / m ^{3 of} water in solution.

The film of liquid glass formed after the evaporation of free water on the burning surface loses molecular water at a temperature of 120–200 ° C and becomes solid. In the temperature range of 200-400 ° C, chemically bound water begins to be removed from the solid-like liquid glass, under the action of which the crust of liquid glass acquires a pyroplastic state, and the released water vapor, due to a sharp increase in its volume, foams this crust and its volume increases to 10-50 time. The density of the foam layer formed on the burning surface is 30-50 kg / m ³ and this layer blocks the access of oxygen to the burning surface.

The formed foam layer is not subject to burning, since it is inorganic in its composition - anhydrous alkali metal silicate, has a low thermal conductivity (0.03-0.036 W / m⋅K) and prevents the extinguished surface from warming up to the ignition temperature due to a sharp decrease in intensity the effects of heat flux from the radiation of the flame and the convective heat of flue gases.

The disadvantages of RU 2275951 are the practical impossibility of uniform spraying and the practical impossibility of ensuring controlled thermal foaming of a liquid glass solution on almost always uneven and changing surfaces of burning materials during combustion and, accordingly, the impossibility of obtaining a given thickness of solid foam of a certain structure, as well as the need for high temperature for thermal foaming, namely the need for a temperature of 120-200 ° C to evaporate the mole acous- water and tverdoobraznogo acquisition status and the need for a temperature of 200-400 ° C to remove tverdoobraznogo waterglass chemically bound water, under the action of the crust which becomes waterglass pyroplastic state, and the subsequent intensive discharge of water vapor (boiling) for foaming of the crust.

It is known the use of sprayed water as a fire extinguishing agent, however, sprayed water has a relatively low fire-extinguishing efficiency, and the devices generating it require connection to pressurized water pipes.

It is known the use of low-and medium-sized air-mechanical foam, which has increased fire-extinguishing efficiency compared to sprayed water, but most of the known water-based generators and fire extinguishers provide liquid air-mechanical foam on the basis of an aqueous solution of the foaming agent and air or gas, which quickly precipitates and does not hold on vertical and inclined surfaces, which significantly reduces the efficiency and increases the fire extinguishing time.

A fire extinguisher is known that contains a container with an extinguishing fluid, a system for displacing fluid from the reservoir, a starting and closing device, a liquid sprayer with a centrifugal flow swirler and an outlet nozzle, and a pipeline connecting the output of the starting and closing device with a liquid sprayer, in which, to increase the effectiveness of extinguishing hotbeds of fires, first of all, classes "A" and "B" by generating a high-speed spray jet of fire extinguishing fluid with a given spray angle, the output nozzle of the spray gun is It has a profiled channel that includes a section that tapers in the direction of fluid flow, and the centrifugal swirler is made as a hollow insert with at least one tangentially directed inlet channel formed in the side wall of the insert and an input axial channel, and the insert cavity communicates with the inlet of the profiled nozzle [RU 43465 A62C 13/62, A62C 31/02, publ. January 27, 2005].

A fire extinguisher is known that contains a container filled with a liquid extinguishing agent, a source of propellant gas, a starting-up device, a liquid sprayer connected through a pipeline to the output of the starting-up device, wherein the liquid sprayer is capable of generating a directional sprayed fire-extinguishing substance in which to ensure the effective extinguishing of fires of classes A and B and electrical equipment under high voltage, and long-term storage and ex luatation of a fire extinguisher under conditions of negative temperatures, a mixture of an aqueous solution of a salt selected from the following series of substances is used as a liquid extinguishing agent: diammonium phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, and film-forming frother, and the salt content of the extinguishing agent is at least 10 wt. . %, the content of film-forming foaming agent in the extinguishing agent is not less than 5 wt. % At the same time, compressed gas filling the gas cavity in the tank above the surface of the liquid extinguishing agent was used as the source of the propelling gas, and the liquid sprayer was equipped with a jet centrifugal swirler of the fluid flow and an outlet nozzle and was made with a shaped channel including a cylindrical inlet section and an outlet section the shape of a conical diffuser, while the inlet of the outlet section is associated with the outlet of the cylindrical section [RU 82562 A62C 13/62, A62C 31/02, publ. 05/10/2009].

Known portable fire extinguisher containing a tank with a fire extinguishing agent, the body of the starting head mounted on the tank with the fire extinguishing agent, a spring-loaded rod with a conical protrusion, placed in a longitudinal channel made in the body of the starting head, which has a first radial hole mounted on the body of the starting head cylinder for compressed gas with a sealing membrane facing the conical protrusion of the rod, a siphon tube, an outlet fitting and means for moving the rod, an elastic gasket at installed on the rod, while the longitudinal channel has two cavities separated from one another by a sealing element mounted on the rod, the first cavity communicates with the outlet of the compressed gas cylinder and through the first radial hole with the cavity of the extinguishing agent tank, the second cavity communicated with the second radial hole with a siphon tube, and with the help of the third radial hole with an outlet fitting, in which, to prevent leakage of the extinguishing agent during the period stored In the second cavity, a cylindrical spring and a washer are installed on the rod, an elastic gasket is located on the bottom surface of the washer, a cylindrical spring is located between the washer and the upper wall of the second cavity, and the length of the cylindrical spring in the axial direction is free condition exceeds the distance from the washer to the upper wall of the second cavity [RU 8896 А62С 13/00, publ. 1/16/1999].

Known devices for producing hardening foam from the composition of low molecular weight and high molecular weight substances, ensuring an increase in foam generation performance, continuous operation without interruption for recharging containers with working solutions, which contains a cylindrical body, nozzles for supplying liquid and gas and a scatterer located coaxially to the body, a diffuser of gas-liquid flow, while the pipes for supplying an aqueous solution of surfactant and carbamide-formaldehyde resin are offset relative to the axis housing and mixer for a distance of 5-15% of the internal diameter of the pipe [RU 2226123 B01F 3/04, B01F 5/04, publ. March 27, 2004].

The device according to RU 2226123 can be used to create protective foam screens to prevent evaporation of oil and oil products during emergency spills and in polymer processing into porous or cellular products for various purposes, but because of the combustibility of the solid foam produced is not applicable in the field of fire fighting.

A fire extinguisher is known, having at least one container with a fire extinguishing means, is configured to discharge this agent if a real or potential fire has been identified. The extinguishing agent is a stable aqueous suspension of finely dispersed exfoliated vermiculite (a natural mineral with the chemical formula (Mg, Fe, Al) ₃ (Al, Si) ₄ O ₁₀ (OH) ₂ 4H ₂ O). The method of extinguishing fire is carried out by feeding this fire extinguishing agent to the flame, adjacent areas, as well as areas of high risk of fire spreading. A used fire extinguisher can be made by at least partially filling a container adapted to remove a fire extinguishing agent. The tool has an improved limiting effect and the formation of an insulating barrier due to the formation on the surface of a layer that is barrier to oxygen and heat, can be used to extinguish fire on humans and animals. It is desirable that the amount of vermiculite was 3-40 wt. %, more preferably 10-30 wt. %, and particularly desirable - 15-25 wt. %, for example, about 20 wt. % Preferred very fine vermiculite with a particle size in the range from nanometers to 1000 μm, and it is desirable that this size does not exceed 300 μm [RU 2635613 A62D 1/00, A62C 3/00, C09K 21/02 Publ. 11/14/2017].

The disadvantage of RU 2635613 is that it is possible to use an extinguishing agent only in the form of an aqueous fine suspension and the impossibility of forming a foam on its basis.

Chemical foam fire extinguishers are known that generate chemical foam resulting from the sudden foaming of an alkaline solution (usually aqueous soda solution) by adding acid (usually sulfuric or hydrochloric) to it.

Known fire extinguisher for the formation and supply of chemical foam, comprising a housing filled with an alkaline solution, a shower located in the upper part of the housing, a lid and an acid can, closed with a plug with a rod, while the balloon is provided with a float, in which the case of the fire extinguisher, the float is made in the form of an annular chamber and mounted concentric with the cylinder body in its lower part [RU 26191 A62C 13/04, publ. 11/20/2002].

Known chemical foam fire extinguisher containing a vessel with a lid, filled with an alkaline solution, a shower, located in the upper part of the vessel, an acid tank, the bottom of which is made in the form of a membrane, a drive rod and an intake tube installed in the vessel, one end of which is connected to the shower, and the other faces the bottom of the vessel, in which, in order to improve the performance and response speed, the drive rod is provided with a piston located in the cavity of the cylinder, and a through hole is made in the wall of the container th above the piston part [RU 26192 A62S 13/04, publ. 11/20/2002].

A common drawback of the known chemical foam fire extinguishers is the lack of fire extinguishing efficiency, usually due to the small amount of chemical foam generated, determined by the stoichiometric ratio of reagents, and the possibility of only one-time use during the reaction time with the impossibility of its interruption and subsequent repeated renewal.

Known porous xerogel SiO ₂ [RU 2530048 SS 33/16, publ. 10.10.2014 PCT application EP 2010/067821 20101119, PCT publication WO 2011/061289 20110526] which contains pores that are larger than 50 nm but less than 1000 nm, in particular - less than 500 nm, in particular - less than 300 nm, in particular - less than 100 nm, has a density less than 400 kg / m ³ , in particular - less than 290 kg / m ³ , in particular - less than 200 kg / m ³ , contains a fraction of carbon that is less than 10%, in particular - less than 5%, and has a thermal conductivity at 800 ° C less than 0.060 W / m⋅K, at 400 ° C - less than 0.040 W / m⋅K, at 200 ° C - less than 0.030 W / m⋅K, has a modulus of elasticity equal to at least 5 MPa, at temperatures up to 560 ° С (at The atmosphere containing oxygen has a long-term thermal stability, is a monolithic molded product, granulate or powder.

SiO ₂ xerogel according to RU 2530048 is used as a non-combustible or non-flammable, transparent or translucent or non-transparent thermally insulating material, as a carrier thermally insulating material, catalyst carrier, filter, absorber, non-combustible or non-flammable, transparent, translucent or opaque, non-flammable material. parts, as a system for the controlled or rapid release of drugs, as a coating for use I am in thermal diffusion processes, as a mold, as a carrier for sensor molecules in sensor technology, for sound insulation, for controlling humidity, or as a base material for composite materials.

Known composition for creating aerosol foamed by heat-resistant foam based on sodium silicate [EP 0110328], containing two separated solution, one of which, solution "A", is made on the basis of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate (50-97%) and propellant ( 3-50%), and the other - solution "B", which is a hardener.

According to EP 0110328, various chemical additives in the form of ammonium compounds, borates, synthetic rubbers and various organic and inorganic compounds are added to solution “A” (basic solution), which increase the mechanical properties of foams and dispersions, but they must be compatible, i.e. . no chemical reactions are expected between them. To increase the multiplicity of foam in the solution "A" (in a solution of alkali metal silicates), additives of surfactants can be added.

According to EP 0110328, organic and inorganic compounds with gelling properties, preferably carboxylic esters, such as triacetylglycerol, which have high viscosity properties, act as thickeners, increasing the rheological properties of the formed foams when mixed, are used as solution “B” (hardener).

Both solutions must be under pressure in separate separation tanks, and solution “B” (hardener) is under greater pressure than solution “A” (basic solution).

Obtained according to EP 0110328, foams formed on the basis of alkali metal silicates and possessing stability up to 300 ° are proposed to be used as thermoisolating foams, in building production as a heat insulator.

A common disadvantage of the known silicates of alkali and alkaline-earth metals, foams and ceramic foam materials based on them is their relatively low thermal stability, which is insufficient for their use as a fire extinguishing agent for fire and explosion prevention, since it is known that the ignition temperature for most solid materials is 300 ° C, the temperature the flame in a burning cigarette is 700-800 ° C, in a match the flame temperature is 750-850 ° C, the ignition temperature of wood is 300 ° C, and the burning temperature of wood is 800-1000 ° C.

The silica gel is known, the use of silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent, in case of fire and explosion prevention, and as an insulating and filling material in construction and other industries. [EN 2590379 SW 33/16, publ. 07/10/2016]

According to RU 2590379, silica gel was prepared by air-mechanical foaming on known foam generators of a mixture of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate with a foaming surfactant and an aqueous solution of an activating solvent for the formation of silica from an alkali metal silicate as an aqueous solution of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid or ammonium chloride.

The advantage of the foamed silica gel according to RU 2590379 is the almost instantaneous reaction of the components after they come together and the mechanical strength of the foamed gel in terms of dynamic viscosity from 20 mPas to 100 Pa⋅s in the time range from 2 seconds, but this makes it practically impossible to use almost all known foam generators and devices for the formation of low and medium expansion foam due to the solidification of the foamed silica gel inside the foam generators and devices with the rapid termination of their norms ceiling elements functioning.

A significant disadvantage of the technology for generating foamed silica gel according to RU 2590379 was that it could be obtained on known foam generators by air-mechanical foaming of a mixture of 10-70% solution, mainly 20-50%, sodium silicate, and 1-15%, mainly 6% , foaming surfactant, from 1 to 6%, mainly 1 to 3.5% aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a mass ratio of sodium silicate solution with a foaming surfactant and acetic acid solution from 100: 1 to 28: 1, n eimuschestvenno 35: 1.

As a result of the use of practically dilute components, the foamed silica gel obtained according to RU 2590379 was obtained with a large amount of water, namely it mainly contained 20-50% silica, 1 that is, more than half of its amount was water. When using more concentrated components, solid foam is formed in the pipeline for feeding the mixture of components to the foam generator and the foam generator, which made their normal functioning impossible.

A common disadvantage of the known water-based fire extinguishing devices and fire extinguishers is that, in known devices, the fire extinguishing agent is formed inside the device case and in the pipelines for supplying the fire extinguishing agent to the spraying or foam generating means, which makes them unsuitable for use with quick-hardening silica foams due to the rapid formation of solid foam inside enclosures of devices and in pipelines supplying a mixture of fire extinguishing agents to spray equipment, which stops their normal functioning ment.

Known chemical air-foam fire extinguisher containing steel body, filled with 9 liters of aqueous-alkaline solution in the form of a mixture of sodium bicarbonate NaHCO ₃ and licorice extract, and a polyethylene container, filled with an acid mixture in the form of sulfuric acid H ₂ SO ₄ and iron sulfide FeSO ₄ , increases the volume and strength of the resulting foam, while, to increase the effectiveness of fire protection by increasing the speed and reliability of operation, the polyethylene tank is rigidly connected to the valve seat fixed in the lower part of the stack on, rigidly connected to the lid of the steel case, to the upper part of which a handle is attached for operation in the operating mode of the fire extinguisher, and an exhaust pipe with a foam generator is placed in the upper part of the case. The glass is installed inside the housing axisymmetrically to it and a plastic container, and the valve is connected to the stem, located axisymmetrically in the glass and spring-loaded spring. At the bottom of the glass, above the valve, at least three holes are made to connect the alkaline and acid parts of the fire extinguisher, and the shut-off device is mounted on the lid of the fire extinguisher housing [RU 2427401 A62C 13/04, publ. August 27, 2011].

The disadvantage of this fire extinguisher is the possibility of its one-time use and the lack of effectiveness of its operation.

A chemical fire extinguisher is known that contains a container filled with a liquid fire extinguishing agent, a source of propellant gas, a starting and starting device, a liquid sprayer connected through a pipeline to an output of the starting and starting device, and the liquid sprayer is designed to generate a directional sprayed extinguishing agent in which, for the generation of a spray of a fire extinguishing fluid, with the help of which effective extinguishing of fire centers of classes A and B, as well as Electrical equipment under high voltage and preservation of fire extinguishing efficiency during long-term storage and at negative temperatures, a mixture of aqueous salt solution selected from the following series of substances was used as a liquid extinguishing agent: diammonium phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, and a film-forming foaming agent, moreover, the salt content in the extinguishing agent is not less than 10 wt. %, the content of film-forming foaming agent in the extinguishing agent is not less than 5 wt. % The result is an increase in the effectiveness of the fire extinguishing ability of a fire extinguisher by expanding technical capabilities, increasing the service life, ensuring sustainable operation with the exception of the need for turning and self-firing during operation [RU 2278713 A62C 13/04, publ. 27.06.2006].

In the source of the propelling gas in RU 2278713 compressed gas is used that fills the gas cavity in the tank above the surface of the liquid extinguishing agent; the liquid nebulizer is equipped with a jet centrifugal swirler of the fluid flow and an outlet nozzle and is made with a shaped channel that includes a cylindrical inlet section and an outlet section the shape of a conical diffuser, while the inlet of the outlet section is associated with the outlet of the cylindrical section.

When using RU 2278713, the generation of a directed spray of a fire extinguishing liquid is provided, which, as was shown above, has a lower fire-fighting efficiency than the air-mechanical foam.

Portable fire extinguishers are known with the possibility of producing solid non-combustible inorganic foam and the possibility of solid extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention.

Known previously developed by the authors of the method and device for fire and explosion prevention and fire fighting in the form of fast-hardening inorganic foam based on foamed silica gel SiO ₂ . The method of fire and fire prevention and solid extinguishing involves preparing a foamed silica gel in the form of a rapidly hardening foam by mixing component A in the form of an aqueous solution of a mixture of alkali metal silicate and a foaming surfactant, mainly a synthetic hydrocarbon frother, at a ratio of, by mass. %: 10-70, mainly 20-50 sodium silicate, 1-15, mainly 3-6 foaming surfactant, the rest is water, with component B, constituting 20-60%, mainly from 30-50% aqueous acetic acid solution. The device for fire and explosion prevention and solid extinguishing includes containers with components of the extinguishing agent placed in them, pipelines of the components of the extinguishing agent, means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and means for foaming a mixture of the components of the extinguishing agent. The device contains containers with components of the extinguishing agent, pipelines of the components of the extinguishing agent, means of mixing the components of the extinguishing agent, means for foaming the mixture of components of the extinguishing agent with the ability to supply component A to the means of mixing components of the extinguishing agent from the container with component A and obtaining as a fire extinguishing agent a foamed silica gel in the form of a fast-hardening foam. s obtained by mixing and foaming a mixture of components A and B at the volumetric ratio of the components A and B of 15: 1 to 6: 1, preferably 10: 1. The device is made placed on a hand truck with the possibility of its mobile movement, and the container with component B is made in the form of a backpack with the possibility of carrying it behind the operator’s shoulders [RU 2672945 A62C 13/04, A62C 5/02, C01B 33/14, B01F 3 / 08 Publ. 11/21/2018].

The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result (prototype) is a fire extinguisher for fire and explosion prevention and solid fire extinguishing, contains a sealed housing in the form of a tee in the form of two cylinders welded to each other, one of which is oriented along the vertical axis, and the other along the horizontal axis and equipped with a handle, located in the plane of the axes of the cylinders, with components of the extinguishing agent placed therein, means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and means for feeding the components nents of fire extinguishing substance from the body to the means of mixing the components of the fire extinguishing substance by the pressure of the pre-injected compressed gas inside the body. The fire extinguisher is made with the possibility of obtaining as a fire extinguishing agent a foamed silica gel forming a fast-hardening foam obtained by mixing and foaming placed inside the fire extinguisher body and supplied to the mixing means of the components of the fire extinguishing substance by pressure of compressed gas inside the body. The following components are used as components of the extinguishing agent: Component A is an aqueous solution of a mixture of alkali metal silicate, predominantly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, mainly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, and Component B is an activating solvent for forming silica in the form of an aqueous solution of acetic acid. The means of mixing the components of the extinguishing agent is made in the form of an ejector mixer-foam generator with the possibility of mixing components A and B and foaming a mixture of components A and B ejected into the ejector mixer-foam generator atmospheric air [RU 2668753 A62C 13/04 Publ. 10/02/2018 (prototype)].

The disadvantage of the prototype RU 2668753 is the need for pre-pumping air into the body when preparing a fire extinguisher to work, which is often impossible in emergency situations, and the impossibility of long-term preservation of the working pressure of compressed air inside the body and, accordingly, long-term readiness of the fire extinguisher prototype pressure reduction in pressure vessels for a certain time.

Solved problem and technical result

The task of the utility model is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known analogues and the prototype.

The technical result achieved when using the utility model is to improve the reliability of the fire extinguisher and the effectiveness of fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention with an inorganic fast-hardening foam based on a foamed silica gel.

The essence of the utility model

The problem is solved and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that in a fire extinguisher for fire and explosion prevention and solid extinguishing containing

sealed enclosure with fire extinguishing agent components,

a means of mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of components of the extinguishing agent,

pressure generating means inside the case for the pressure expelling of the components of the extinguishing agent from the case into the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components of the extinguishing agent

and means for separately feeding the components of the extinguishing agent from the housing into the means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of components of the extinguishing agent,

according to the utility model

the body of the fire extinguisher is made U-shaped in the form of two mainly vertically oriented cylinders, in which

the lower ends are connected to each other from below by means of taps, and the upper ends from the top are closed with lids,

one of which is attached to the piping means for separately supplying the components of the extinguishing agent to the mixing and foaming means of the mixture of components of the extinguishing agent,

and another means of creating pressure inside the case is attached in the form of a gas generator with the possibility of creating a pressure of 0.8-1 MPa for the displacing gas inside the case, for example, a solid fuel generator GG-10 (B) -02 [https://po59.ru/619/ ; https://www.tmb-fire.ru/calatog/fire-extinguisher-components/others/generatorl/, etc.] with a means of protecting against accidental operation, made, for example, in the form of safety checks of the gas generator, which is removed when preparing a fire extinguisher to use.

The cylinders, which are connected to each other from the bottom through the outlets, are made predominantly cylindrical and are connected at the top by an overflow pipe with the possibility of equalizing the pressure in the upper parts of the cylinders when the body is filled with components of a fire extinguishing agent and when the fire extinguisher functions.

The means of mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of components of the extinguishing agent is made in the form of a locking device and an attached barrel made with the possibility of mixing separately supplied components of the extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of the components of the extinguishing agent with atmospheric air ejected into the trunk.

The fire extinguisher is made with the possibility of obtaining as a fire extinguishing agent foamed silica gel in the form of a quick-hardening foam obtained by mixing and foaming the mixture

component A in the form of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, and foaming surfactants, mainly synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, at a ratio, wt. %: 10-70, mainly 20-50 sodium silicate, 1-15, mainly 3-6 foaming surfactants, the rest is water, and

component B in the form of 20-60%, mainly from 30-50% aqueous solution of acetic acid,

with a volume ratio of components A and B from 15: 1 to 6: 1, mainly 10: 1, with the possibility of obtaining a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness for from 1 second to 2 minutes and a change in its volume in the hardened state not more than 10% in 24 hours,

and with the possibility of obtaining a solid ceramic foam material based on a foamed silica gel with thermal stability when exposed to a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 60 minutes, which

contains, by weight. %, 13-65%, mainly 20-50% silica, 1-15%, mostly 6% foaming surfactant, water-the rest;

has a volume weight of 0.1-0.8 g / cm ³ ;

has a volume stability of at least 22 hours with a volume change of no more than 10%,

and in a dehydrated state

has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g / cm ³ and

retains at least 95% volumetric shape when heated to a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 40 minutes;

It has a micro and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² / g;

has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of from 2 to 20;

has a hardness in viscosity more than 100 Pa 100s;

has white or yellowish white color.

The container with component B is made in the form of an elastic bag located in the body of a material that is neutral to the effects of acidic and alkaline media, for example, polyvinyl chloride, with the ability to feed component B from the container with component B to component pipe B and the pressure inside the body.

The fire extinguisher contains a shut-off device made with the possibility at the beginning of using a fire extinguisher of sequential feeding into the barrel first component A and then component B, and when using the fire extinguisher to stop feeding into the barrel first component B and then component A.

The locking device contains valves of component A equipped with rods of various lengths and a valve of component B, made possible at the beginning of the functional use of a fire extinguisher of sequential opening of the first valve of component A and then of the valve of component B, and upon the termination of the functional use of the fire extinguisher of sequential closing then valve component A.

The locking device is designed to activate a fire extinguisher by sequential opening / closing valves of components A and B with the ability to ensure the sequential supply of components A and B at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, as well as the primary cessation of supply to the barrel of component B and the subsequent termination of component A in the trunk at the termination of the functional use of a fire extinguisher.

Structurally, the locking-starting device contains a lever that contains the release part in the form of a handle pressed to the handle and the piston part in the form of a rectangular pusher of valve stem components A and B, which, due to their different length, provide the primary flow component of the trunk A at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher and the subsequent flow component B into the barrel, as well as the primary cessation of supply to the barrel of component B and the subsequent cessation of the supply of component A into the barrel when stopping the use of fire earworm.

In this case, the pipeline for supplying component B from the housing to the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components is made located inside the pipeline for component A

Brief Description of the Drawings

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawings of the proposed fire extinguisher, in which the position numbers show: 1 - U-shaped body of the fire extinguisher; 2 - fire extinguisher handle; 3 - axles of the wheels of the fire extinguisher; 4 - fire extinguisher wheels; 5 - a mouth; 6 - cover; 7 - cap nut; 8 - gas generator neck; 9 - gas generator cover; 10 - gas generator; 11 - gas generator housing; 12 - PVC package for component B; 13 - siphon tube component A; 14 - pipeline component A; 15 - pipeline component B; 16 - gas generator button; 17 - gas generator head; 18 - gas generator adapter; 19 - channel fitting component A; 20 - fitting pipe component B; 21 - adapter pipe component A; 22 - stop-starting device; 23 - trunk; 24 - gas generator's check; 25 - emphasis for fixing the fire extinguisher in a vertical position.

FIG. 1 shows a general view of a fire extinguisher.

FIG. 2 - model fire.

FIG. 3, 4 - model fire after treatment with fast-hardening foam based on silica gel foam.

FIG. 5 is a side view of the fire extinguisher, showing: U-shaped body of the fire extinguisher 1; fire extinguisher handle 2; wheel extinguisher 4; pipe 14 of component A with pipe 15 of component B placed inside it, providing separate components A and B to the starting-stop device 22 and trunk 23; check gas generator 24 and the stop 25 for fixing the fire extinguisher in a vertical position.

FIG. 6 in the front view is a cross section of a fire extinguisher, where it is shown: U-shaped body of the fire extinguisher 1; fire extinguisher handle 2; the axles of the wheels of the fire extinguisher 3; wheel extinguisher 4; neck 5; cover 6; coupling nut 7; the neck of the gas generator 8; gas generator cover 9; gas generator 10; gas generator housing 11; PVC package for component B 12; siphon tube component A 13; pipeline component A 14; pipeline component B 15; button gas generator 16; gas generator head 17; gas generator adapter 18; pipe fitting component A 19; pipe fitting component B 20; adapter pipe component A 21;

FIG. 7 shows the section of the node A, where it is shown: the neck 5 with the lid 6 and the nut 7, the pipeline 14 of the component A with the pipeline 15 located inside it of the component B; fitting 19 channel component A; choke 20 of component B channel; an adapter 21 for the component A pipeline, providing separate components A and B to the shut-off device 22 by placing the pipeline 15 for component B inside the pipeline 14 for component A.

FIG. 8 is a cross-section of the shut-off device 42 and the barrel 41, providing separate supply for mixing components A and B and subsequent foaming of the mixture of components A and B by atmospheric air ejected into the barrel to obtain a quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, where the corresponding directions of movement are indicated by arrows components A and B, air and quick-hardening foam, shut-off valves 45 and 46 components A and B with rods of different lengths for the initial supply of the component A to the mixture and the subsequent supply of the component nta B when the fire extinguisher starts working, and when the fire extinguisher stops working, it will initially stop the supply of component B and then stop the supply of component A.

FIG. 9 shows the cross section of the locking device 22 along the line A-A and the shut-off valves 35 and 36 of components A and B with rods of various lengths.

Implementation of the utility model

The composition of the proposed fire extinguisher for explosion prevention and solid extinguishing (hereinafter - fire extinguisher) with an optimal volume of components of the fire extinguishing substance 30 liters (Fig. 1, 3-9):

U-shaped case of fire extinguisher 1, designed to store component A (an aqueous solution of liquid glass and foaming agent) and accommodate inside the container of component B;

the handle of the fire extinguisher 2, designed for easy movement of the fire extinguisher by the operator;

the axis of the wheels of the fire extinguisher 3 with wheels 4, designed to move the fire extinguisher;

neck 5; fire extinguisher cover 6; a cap nut 7, intended for fastening the fire extinguisher cover 6 to the neck 5;

the neck of the gas generator 8 and the cover of the gas generator 9;

gas generator (GG-10 (B) -02) 10, designed to create a working pressure inside the body of the fire extinguisher of the propellant gas resulting from the combustion of the gas-generating substance of the solid-fuel cartridge of the gas generator;

PVC bag 12 for storing the curing component B;

a siphon tube 13 for supplying component A of the component A being displaced by pressure from the body of the fire extinguisher 1 to the pipeline of component A 14, intended for supplying component A to the fire extinguishing device;

pipeline component B 15, designed to supply component B to the locking-starting device of a fire extinguisher and located inside the pipeline component A;

button gas generator 16, designed to actuate the gas generator through the impact on the face of the gas generator 17, intended for impact to ignite the cap of the gas generator;

gas generator adapter 18, designed to hold the gas generator in the lid of the gas generator 9;

a port fitting of component A 19 intended for mounting the pipeline of component A 14 to the lid of the fire extinguisher 6 by means of an adapter 21;

pipe fitting component B 20, designed for installation of the pipeline component B 15 to the lid of the fire extinguisher 6 by means of an adapter;

shut-off device 22 connected to the barrel 23, providing a mixture of components A and B, foaming a mixture of components A and B with ejected atmospheric air to produce a jet of fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel;

gas generator check 24, which ensures the prevention of careless pressing or hitting the button, the mechanism of the gas generator starting device and locking the gas generator starting mechanism in the transport and non-operating state of the fire extinguisher in a fixed position.

emphasis 25, designed to make the fire extinguisher stable.

The case of the fire extinguisher (reservoir of component A) is made in the form of a welded U-shaped vessel formed by two predominantly vertically oriented cylindrical cylinders connected by bottom welding with taps with two necks in the upper part.

On both necks of the housing there is a thread for screwing the covers, one of which is screwed with the pipe connections of the components of the extinguishing agent, and the other is the trigger mechanism of the gas generator device (Fig. 1, 6)

Cylindrical bottom-connected cylinders of the U-shaped housing at the top are connected by a gas transmission pipe designed to redistribute the gas pressure between the parts of the housing in equal proportions. Fire extinguisher handle 2 is welded to the pipe.

In the lower part of the body, axles 3 are welded to which the wheels of the fire extinguisher 4 are attached. The stop of the fire extinguisher 25 is also welded to the axes.

The housing 1 is made of stainless steel AISI 304, resistant to the effects of the foaming solution, is painted on the outside with powder paint. Covers 5 and 6 and fire extinguisher mechanisms are made of stainless steel.

The U-shaped case of the fire extinguisher 1 is calculated on the operating internal pressure of 1 MPa, and is tested with a test pressure of 1.5 MPa.

The capacity of component B 12 is for storing component B - a hardening agent for the foaming solution, which is an aqueous solution of acetic acid "LHC": water - 50%, acetic acid "LHC" - 50%. The capacity of component B 12 is located inside the housing with component A and interacts outside with the alkaline medium of component A.

The capacity of component B 12 is an elastic package made in the form of a cylinder with an optimal volume of 3.6 liters of polyvinyl chloride material (PVC) neutral to the effects of acid and alkaline environments.

A valve with an internal thread into which the adapter is screwed into the channel of component B is built into the containers of component B 12.

The shut-off device 22 is a device connected to the pipelines of components A and B, which consists of two shut-off valves with rods 35 and 36. Through the valve with the rod 35, component A is fed into the barrel, which is located in the fire extinguisher body, and through the valve with the rod 36 - component B, located in the elastic container 12.

The valves of components A and B can be structurally identical and differ only in the length of the rods. The valve stem 35 is 2.5 mm longer than the valve stem 36 (FIG. 9), which provides the primary opening of the valve 35 and the primary supply to the barrel of component A when using a fire extinguisher and the primary opening of valve 35 and the first to stop supplying component B to the barrel when the fire extinguisher ends

On the valve stems can push the piston of the lever 34 of the locking-starter, which is mounted to the handle 33 of the locking-starter by means of a bolt and nut through the eye.

Due to the difference in the length of the rods at the beginning of the use of the fire extinguisher, the valve stem of component A is first brought into translational motion and opens the channel of component A, which, under pressure, begins to flow from body 1 to barrel 23.

After displacing the valve stem 35 of component A by 2.5 mm, the piston 34 of the locking mechanism starts to press on the valve stem 36 of component B, opening the pipeline of component B, which begins to flow under the action of pressure from the container of component B 12 in the case through launcher and barrel 23.

Thus, components A and B enter separately into the mixing chamber of the barrel 23, mix them up in the barrel and, at the exit of the mixing chamber, mix the components A and B and saturate the air ejected into the barrel and foams.

At the exit of the barrel 23, a stream of low and medium-sized fast-hardening foam of a foamed silica gel is formed, consisting of a mixture of components A, B and air, which, getting to the source of ignition, forms a fire-extinguishing and explosion-preventing fast-hardening foam (Fig. 8).

The mechanism of the starting device of the gas generator is driven by striking the button of the gas generator 16. The hammer of the gas generator 17, screwed into the cover of the gas generator 9, hits the cap of the gas generator and drives it. To achieve the working pressure in the body of the fire extinguisher 1 takes at least 5 seconds.

As a result of the combustion of the gas-generating substance, the gas of the combustion products of the solid-fuel cartridge of the gas generator is released and the pressure inside the housing 1 rises to 0.8-1.0 MPa.

Under the influence of the pressure generated by the gas generator in the case, component A is expelled through the siphon tube 13 into the pipeline of component A 14.

The pressure in the housing generated by the gas generator also affects the PVC package 12, from where component B is expelled into component B 15 pipeline, located inside component A. pipeline.

The flows of components A and B do not mix inside the pipelines, ensuring the separate supply of components A and B to the shut-off device.

When the locking device is opened, components A and B are released into the barrel 23, where they are mixed.

The resulting binary mixture of components A and B, passing through the barrel with holes, due to the ejection of air foams and an air-foam mixture is formed, which in the form of a continuous stream of fast-hardening foam flies out of the barrel and is sent to the fire

The fire extinguisher works as follows.

To bring the fire extinguisher into working condition, it is necessary to quickly pull out the check 24 from the starting device of the gas generator, and hit the button of the gas generator, which actuates the head of the gas generator cartridge.

The striker hits the primer and actuates the gas generator, the solid fuel material of the gas generator ignites and burns, releasing gaseous products of combustion, creating an overpressure inside the hermetic case, which pushes components A and B out of the case into the pipelines of components A and B, into the shut-off device and in the trunk.

To achieve the working pressure in the body of the fire extinguisher as a result of the combustion of the solid fuel material of the gas generator, it usually takes at least 5 seconds.

To activate the fire extinguisher and start using it, you need to direct the barrel 23 towards the source of fire and press the locking lever 34, pressing it against the handle 33.

The piston portion of the lever 34 initially presses on the valve stem 35 of component A and opens the feed channel of component A.

The pressure of the gases of the combustion products of the solid fuel material of the gas generator inside the housing of component A is forced out through the siphon tube 12 into the pipeline of component A 14, and then into the stop-distributor 22 and into the barrel 23.

Due to the difference in the height of the valve stems 35 and 36, component A first passes through the locking-distributing device and first enters the barrel 23.

Then the piston part of the lever 34 begins to act on the valve stem 36 of component B and opens the pipeline of component B.

The pressure of the gases of the combustion products of the solid fuel material of the gas generator inside the housing compresses the elastic container with component B 12 and component B begins to flow into the pipeline of component B 15, then into the stop-distributor and into the barrel 23.

The mixing of components A and B occurs in the barrel. The resulting mixture of components A and B passing through the barrel 23 with holes in the side walls due to ejection into the air barrel foams and sprays to form an air-foam mixture, which flows out of the barrel 23 as a stream of quick-hardening foam of a foamed silica gel into hotbed of fire.

To stop using the fire extinguisher, the lever 34 is pushed out of the handle 33 and the supply to the locking-starting device and to the barrel 23 of component B is stopped first, and with fully depressed lever 34, the supply of component A also stops.

This provides the possibility of multiple on / off fire extinguisher and its repeated periodic use to fully develop the volumes of components A and B.

After full use of the volumes of components A and B, the fire extinguisher is to be recharged with a foaming solution in the housing (component A) and a foam hardener in an elastic PVC 12 container (component B), which can be done only at the manufacturer's site.

After using the components of the extinguishing agent and the disappearance of excess pressure inside the body of the fire extinguisher replace the gas-generating device, which is screwed into the appropriate adapter.

Installation and carrying of a fire extinguisher is allowed only in an upright position, bottom down, lids up.

When extinguishing a fire, a fire extinguisher can serve one or two people.

To bring a fire extinguisher to:

- grasping the handle of the fire extinguisher, roll it to the fire site at a distance of 5-6 meters from the hearth on the windward side, do not tilt the body of the fire extinguisher by more than 45 °;

- unwind the hose of the fire extinguisher, holding the handle of the locking-starting device of the fire extinguisher, without pressing the lever;

- pull the check of the gas generator start-up device and hit the gas generator button;

- after 5 seconds, start extinguishing the fire, for which purpose direct the barrel of the fire extinguisher towards the fire and push the trigger-trigger lever with your thumb;

- direct the foam jet to the fire, starting from the nearest boundary of the fire;

Maintenance of the fire extinguisher may be allowed to personnel who have studied the device of the fire extinguisher and the rules for its operation, as well as the rules for handling gas-generating devices.

After use, the fire extinguisher can only be disassembled after complete release of pressure from the fire extinguisher case.

Tightening threaded connections in the presence of air pressure in the body of the fire extinguisher is strictly prohibited.

The fire extinguisher should be kept away from heating appliances, at least 1 meter away.

A fire extinguisher that has a lifespan of more than 5 years is prohibited.

In the case of contact with the electrical equipment on the electrical equipment under voltage, it must be de-energized, since the solution is electrically conductive.

Charged fire extinguisher must be transported in an upright position bottom.

When handling gas generators, it is forbidden to strike them, throw, disassemble, heat to a temperature of more than 60 ° C.

It is forbidden to use gas generators with defects that violate the integrity of the body for installation in a fire extinguisher.

Only those gas generators that are designed for it can be installed in a fire extinguisher.

Assembly of the gas generator with the starting device should be carried out only with installed safety checks.

The fire extinguisher is operational in the range of positive ambient temperatures of 5 ÷ 50 ° C and relative air humidity up to 100%, in temperate and tropical climates.

The chemical process of obtaining a foamed silica gel and a ceramic foam material based on dehydrated foamed silica includes a step of forming a silica sol and a step of foaming a silica sol to form a foamed silica gel and releasing water, as well as a step of dehydrating the foamed silica gel to produce a solid foam foamed and the release of water will have a place to take a place to create a non-deformable foamed silica gel to produce a foamed silica gel with the formation of a foamed silica gel and release of water.

The formation of silica sol occurs as a result of mixing and mutual homogenization of a mixture of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate, mainly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, mainly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent (component A), and a silica sol-formation activator (component B).

The transition of alkali metal silicate, then in the preferred embodiment, sodium silicate, to silica is due to the chemical reaction of hydrolysis of sodium silicate in an aqueous medium in the presence of a sol-formation activator with the formation of silicic acid

and the subsequent condensation of silicic acid, contributing to the nucleation of the dispersed phase of silica sol and the release of water

The effect of a sologenization activator on the polymerization of silica monomers formed and the restriction of this stage of the process from further gelling is determined by the size of the hydrodynamic radius of particles in the range up to 50 nm, since it is known that an increase in the concentration and dimensions of the dispersed phase leads to the appearance of coagulation contacts between the particles and the beginning of structuring

As the authors' research has shown, it is advisable to use acidic solutions with a pH of from 0.5 to 5, for example, an aqueous solution from 20 to 60%, mainly from 30-50% aqueous, as an activator of the formation of silica from alkali metal silicate. acetic acid solution

The volume ratio of components A and B is from 15: 1 to 6: 1, preferably 10: 1.

Components A and B are mixed and foamed in an ejector-foam generator shown in FIG. 3 designs with the formation of quick-hardening silica foam with a multiplicity of 2-60 with flow of silica formation and polycondensation of a silica sol with a sol-gel transition of silica with the formation of a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness using the above components in the specified ratio within 1 second to 1.5 minutes and a change in its volume not more than 10% within 24 hours.

As a result of natural or forced release of moisture from the foamed silica gel, a solid ceramic foam material is obtained based on the foamed silica gel, which, while maintaining the foamed structure, has thermal stability when exposed to temperatures of at least 1000 ° C for up to 60 minutes, which allows the resulting foamed silica gel and foamed ceramic material to be used on the basis of the foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent in case of fire and explosion prevention, including for extinguishing and localization forest fires by creating fire-resistant foam fencing strips, as an insulating material in construction and in other industries, for localizing radiation hazardous areas of the terrain and emergency straits of hazardous chemicals, for fire and explosion prevention in case of emergency pouring of molten metals, such as copper, aluminum, etc.

As shown by the research of the authors, the mixing of components A and B should be carried out simultaneously with the foaming of the mixture of components A and B, for example, in the barrel of the ejector mixer-foam generator shown in figure 3 design.

The resulting fast-hardening foamed silica foam has good adhesion to various fire suppression objects, including vertical metal surfaces, and high structural and mechanical resistance to the adverse effects of external factors on it, such as heat flows and wind.

Concentrations and conditions of mutual dispersion of alkali metal silicate and silica sol-forming activator, as well as the concentration of sodium silicate, chemical properties of the foaming surfactant have a significant impact on the process of sol-forming and foaming during foaming, and therefore the choice of concentrations and specific components of the foaming surfactant substances and silica sol-activators may vary in specific cases.

As the studies conducted by the authors have shown, mixing the components and foaming the mixture to form a foamed silica gel is advisable to carry out in the time range from 1-5 seconds, during which the mechanical strength of the gel is set up to form a sub-solid mass of foamed silica with a viscosity of up to 100 Pa · s, which as it is known, corresponds to the notion of a solid state

In addition, within this particular time range, foam is usually supplied to the fire center from a distance of up to 10 m or more.

The growth of silica monomer chains as a result of the polycondensation of silica sol particles leads to an increase in their average hydrodynamic radius and, consequently, to an increase in coagulation contacts between the silica sol nanoparticles.

Due to the high homogenization of a mixture of alkali metal silicate solution with a surfactant and a solution of activator sol formation in the process of simultaneous mixing and foaming in an ejector mixer-foam generator at the stage of formation of a silica sol, achieving an energy barrier that determines the possibility of chemical interaction of individual monomers of silica sol through an equilibrium the thickness of the layer of foam walls as a dispersion medium occurs in the entire volume of the foamed mixture of components with a fairly high homogeneity.

This allows at a sufficiently high rate to ensure the transition of the mixture of solutions from the state of silica sol to silica gel with the formation of a rapidly hardening foamed silica gel.

Further polycondensation of silica sol particles into a silica gel in the foam results in the release of chemically bound water molecules and compaction of the formed inorganic polymer of foamed silica with the release of water and dehydration.

External factors, such as exposure to high temperatures during a fire, can accelerate the stage of water release and dehydration, and the increase in thermal stability of the inorganic silica polymer will be proportional to the amount of chemically bound water molecules released, which ultimately contributes to an increase in the fire extinguishing ability of the foamed silica.

As a result of the physicochemical process described in detail, a foamed silica gel is obtained, which, according to the results of studies conducted by the authors in the undehydrated state, has the following basic properties and characteristics:

contains, by weight. %, 13-65%, mainly 20-50% silica, 1-15%, mostly 6% foaming surfactant, water-the rest;

has a volume weight of 0.1-0.8 g / cm ³ ;

has a volume stability of at least 22 hours with a change in volume of no more than 10%.

In a dehydrated state, silica gel foam

has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g / cm ³ and

retains at least 95% volumetric shape when heated to a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 40 minutes;

It has a micro and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² / g;

has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of from 2 to 20;

has a hardness in viscosity more than 100 Pa 100s;

has white or yellowish white color.

Silica silica gel in the preferred embodiment of the utility model is obtained by mixing and ejection foaming a mixture of an aqueous solution of 10-70%, preferably 20-50%, sodium silicate, and 1-15%, preferably 6%, with a synthetic hydrocarbon frother, from 1 to 6% , mainly 20 to 50% aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a mass ratio of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate with a foaming surfactant and an aqueous solution of acetic acid from 15: 1 to 5: 1, mostly 10: 1.

The foamed silica gel is obtained on the basis of an aqueous solution of silica sol formed during the hydrolysis of the foamed mixture of a solution of sodium silicate with a frother with a pH from 10.5 to 12.0 and an activator of sol formation with a pH from 1 to 5 using an acid solution or with a pH of 3 to 8 when using a salt solution, with a hydrodynamic radius of silica particles no more than 50 nm during ejection foaming of the silica sol solution during the growth of silica monomers to an average silica sol diameter of 100 nm with a set of mechanical in terms of dynamic viscosity from 20 mPas to 100 Pa⋅s in the time range of 1-10 seconds.

The indicated general and predominant technological parameters are determined as a result of the research conducted by the authors, while upon receipt of the foamed silica sol, solutions of silicates of alkali and alkaline earth metals, in particular sodium silicate, as the most common alkali metal silicate in industrial production, can also be used. foam-forming surfactants of various grades were used, in particular foam-forming agents for fire extinguishing of PO-6TT, Firex brands, NSV, PO-6 TF and others, satisfying the conditions for maintaining stability over time, being mixed with an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and not changing its chemical composition;

Soluble alkali metal silicate of lithium, potassium, sodium, commonly called "liquid glass", is a viscous liquid with the general chemical formula R ₂ O⋅mSiO ₂ ⋅2H ₂ O (where R ₂ O is an alkali metal oxide, m is the modulus of liquid glass ) with a density of 1400-1500 kg / m ³ and a dynamic viscosity coefficient up to 1 Pa · s.

Liquid sodium glass is mixed with water in any ratios and when kept in a fire extinguishing composition in the specified amount (10-70%, mostly from 20 to 70%) changes the solution viscosity from 6 mPas to 40 mPa⋅s when the density of the solution varies from 1020 kg / m ³ to 1250 kg / m ³ .

In the indicated range of concentration of liquid glass in the composition of the aqueous solution, the viscosity of the solution increases by 4–500 times as compared with the viscosity of water (0.001 Pa · s, 20 ° С). Such a change in the viscosity of aqueous solutions used to extinguish fires is practically unattainable when using organic or inorganic thickeners.

In addition, the dissolution of liquid glass in water significantly increases the density of the solution, which contributes to an increase in the kinetic energy of motion of the jet of fire extinguishing solution or foam compared to the energy of the jet of water directed to the combustion chamber at the same rate. The range of the fire extinguishing solution or foam is also increased.

When preparing the proposed fire extinguishing agent, it is necessary to use liquid glass with the module m = SiO ₂ / R ₂ O = 2.5-3.2. This range is set based on the economic feasibility of using the most common and affordable liquid glass compositions.

The indicated interval of the silicate module allows to significantly reduce the cost of its production, providing a positive economic effect on the product being created. However, it is allowed to use another module with a slight deviation from the one set in the range of ± 0.5.

This interval covers almost all types of liquid glasses produced by industry.

The shelf life of the liquid glass solution in hermetic metal containers is almost unlimited and does not cause metal corrosion.

The selection of the concentration of reagents was based on the conditions that the set of hardness of the foamed substrate from silica sol upon transition to the gel state was accompanied by a set of viscosity up to 100 Pa⋅s over a specified time interval of 1-10 seconds.

The lower value of the set time interval (1 s) is determined based on the minimum possible time of homogenization of the mixture of solutions with simultaneous foaming.

The upper value of the set time interval (10 seconds) was determined experimentally on the basis of visual observation of the deterioration of the structural and mechanical parameters of the foam at the fire extinguishing facilities.

With intensive homogenization of the mixture of component B (predominantly aqueous solution of acetic acid) and component A, consisting of an aqueous solution of surfactant and alkali metal silicate, a silica sol can be obtained that is promising for obtaining foamed silica gel, but the key parameters in In this case, the concentrations of silicate and activator of zole formation, the conditions of mixing and foaming of the components, which are determined by the authors experimentally.

In studies, such indicators as the stability of the foam material, the structure of the foam material, the multiplicity of the foam material, the fire extinguishing properties and the heat resistance of the material were taken into account.

Stability is characterized by a period of time during which the foam did not change its volume (i.e. a decrease in volume of 10%).

The structure of the foam material was evaluated visually after hardening and drying (after about 3 days at a temperature of 25 ± 5 ° С).

The multiplicity of foam was determined by the gravimetric method.

Fire extinguishing properties - the time of extinguishing the model fire 1A.

Heat resistance - preserving the material structure and properties when heated to a certain temperature, above which begins the partial melting of the surface layer and its compaction.

The operation of conventional fire extinguishers is based on one or more of the following three principles of operation:

1) water base: sprayed water supply for pouring tongues of flame and cooling the combustion zone to a temperature below the ignition point in order to prevent the spread of flame;

2) dry powder or foam: surrounding the ignition zone with wet foam or dry powder in order to limit the flames, block the burning of oxygen and, as a result, quench the flames;

3) preventing oxygen from entering the fire zone or displacing oxygen from the fire zone, creating conditions under which combustion cannot continue.

A distinctive feature of the proposed fire extinguisher for vzryvopozharopredotvrascheniya and tverdopennogo extinguishing hereinafter - "extinguisher" or "extinguisher tverdopennogo quenching", is the possibility of obtaining a foamed silica gel, forming the quick-foam of low and medium ratio obtained by mixing ejection mixing and foaming to be placed in the housing extinguisher liquid components of the extinguishing agent: component A - an aqueous solution of a mixture of alkali metal silicate, mainly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, predominantly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, and component B, an activator of silica sol-formation in the form of an aqueous solution of predominantly acetic acid.

The extinguishing agent of the proposed extinguisher is a foamed silica gel that forms a fast-hardening foam obtained by mixing two liquid components of the extinguishing agent - component A and component B and ejection foaming of their mixture with atmospheric air.

Component A is an aqueous solution of a mixture of alkali metal silicate, predominantly sodium silicate and a foaming surfactant, predominantly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, with a pH from 10.5 to 12.0, with a ratio, by weight, by weight. %, 10-70%, mostly 20-50% sodium silicate, 1-15%, mostly 6% foaming surfactant, 30-79% water.

Component B - an aqueous solution of the activator of the formation of silica from an alkali metal silicate is from 20 to 60%, mostly from 30-50% aqueous solution of mainly acetic acid with a pH from 0.5 to 5.

The volume ratio of components A and B is from 15: 1 to 6: 1, preferably 10: 1.

The mixture of components A and B is foamed with atmospheric air in an ejector mixer-foam generator with the formation of a rapidly hardening silica foam (silica gel foam) with silica sol formation and polycondensation of the silica sol, with a silica-gel transition and supplying the mixture with a set of volcano silica gel and with a silica gel transition and supplying the mixture with a set of volcanoes. its hardness is from 2 seconds to 2 minutes and the change in its volume in the hardened state is not more than 10% within 24 hours.

As a result of the release of excess moisture from the foamed silica gel, a solid ceramic foam material is obtained based on the foamed silica gel, which, while maintaining the foamed structure, has thermal stability when exposed to temperatures of at least 1000 ° C for up to 60 minutes, which allows the resulting foamed silica gel to be used and the ceramic foam material based on foamed silica gel as an effective extinguishing agent for extinguishing and explosive fire prevention, including by creating fire oyky foam barrier lines.

If necessary, the resulting solid foam (solid ceramic foam material based on a foamed silica gel) can be mechanically destroyed to produce a fine silica powder, which by its chemical essence is an environmentally safe fine SiO ₂ ordinary sand.

Thus, flame fighting with foamed silica gel, which forms a rapidly hardening heat-resistant inorganic foam, is carried out through an effective combination of all the factors combining the individual advantages of various types of known fire extinguishers.

Specific technical advantages of the proposed fire extinguisher for fire and explosion prevention and solid fire extinguishing are as follows:

1) the free, physically and chemically bound water of the foamed silica gel lowers the temperature of the fire zone, absorbing latent heat and contributing to extinguishing the fire;

2) the foamed silica gel forms an excellent heat-resistant and heat-insulating layer, limiting the hot zone of ignition, which, despite the cooling due to process (1), can radiate heat, spreading it to the adjacent water-cooled zones;

3) solid silica foam forms a covering layer in the form of a protective heat-gas-insulating fire-resistant coating, which prevents any ignition of combustible material of this zone, which has appeared under this covering layer;

4) solid silica foam with a nano-sized silica particle creates between the combustible material, not yet engulfed in fire, and the oxygen of the surrounding atmosphere, a barrier to oxygen, which is necessary for a fire to occur;

5) nano-sized silica particles due to the formation of a bulk lattice structure not only retain water well, but also ensures the adhesion of fine silica particles to the fire extinguishing object, and fast-hardening foam, unlike water and ordinary liquid air-mechanical water foam that flows from vertical, inclined and uneven surfaces ensures the formation of a solid heat-gas insulating barrier.

The fire extinguisher is supplied with a two-component foaming solution (component A) charged in an airtight enclosure of the fire extinguisher (silica), and an elastic bag located inside the fire extinguisher’s housing (component B).

The filling of the fire extinguisher with components with a foam-forming two-component solution is carried out at the factory of the manufacturer.

Removing and opening the package with component B, as well as mixing it with component A, users of the fire extinguisher are prohibited in order to avoid accidents and damage to the installation. These cases are not covered by the manufacturer’s warranty.

The gas extinguisher of the solid-state fire extinguishing is designed to extinguish fires in the initial stage of their occurrence in closed premises and in open areas during the burning of petroleum products, rubber products, products made of synthetic materials, alcohols, wood, paintwork materials and other solid and liquid carbon-containing materials.

A gas generator GG-10 (B) -02 capable of creating a pressure of 0.8-1 MPa or another gas generator similar in functionality can be used as a source of gas to create a working pressure inside the housing.

The main technical characteristics of the proposed fire extinguisher for explosion prevention and solid extinguishing are shown in Table 1.

The main technical characteristics of the gas generator GG-10 (B) -02 are shown in Table 2.

The proposed fire extinguisher is characterized by the original layout of the U-shaped fire extinguisher case.

The fire extinguisher is made on two wheels with an emphasis for a stable vertical position, allowing you to conveniently and ergonomically transport and orient the fire extinguisher vertically during storage and use.

The original U-shaped layout of the fire extinguisher case allows, compared to the prototype, to increase the total internal volume of the fire extinguisher (from 10 to 30 liters) with practically the same overall height of the fire extinguisher.

The U-shape of the case allows you to carry capacity for component B in the form of a flat package and place it inside the case. The container for component B can also be made in the form of a vertically oriented package.

The U-shape of the case also allows a gas generator to be placed at a safe distance from the siphon tube of component A and the tank for component B, thereby ensuring the safety of the siphon tube of component A and tank for component B made of polymer material and the impossibility of their damage as a result of high-temperature burning of solid fuel material gas generator cartridge, ensuring the creation of a working pressure inside the fire extinguisher housing.

The fire extinguisher locking device is intended for the separate supply of components A and B of the extinguishing agent to the barrel and for their subsequent mixing and foaming with air ejected into the barrel directly in the barrel.

The valves of the components A and B in the stop-distribution device can be made structurally identical and can differ only in the length of the rods, which provide alternate opening / closing of the valves, namely the initial supply of component A to the barrel at the beginning of use of the fire extinguisher and the initial stop of supply of component B to the trunk at the end of using a fire extinguisher.

This increases the reliability of the fire extinguisher, prevents clogging of the barrel with solid foam and provides the ability to repeatedly turn on / off the fire extinguisher until the fire extinguishing agent components are fully developed, which is almost always impossible in chemical fire extinguishers of known structures.

Valves of the valves perform coupled with the piston handle locking mechanism.

Due to the difference in the length of the rods, the valve stem of component A is first put in motion, which by pressure in the housing ensures the flow of component A into the supply pipe of component A., after which the piston of the handle of the locking mechanism starts pressing pressure on the valve stem of component B, which opens the component B in the pipeline component B.

The locking-distributing device is a mechanical drive of activating the fire extinguisher by ensuring the sequential supply of components A and B to the barrel for their subsequent mixing and foaming in the barrel of the ejector mixer-frother with ejected air with the formation of fast-extinguishing foam escaping from the barrel at the beginning of functional use of the fire extinguisher, also the primary cessation of supply of component B into the barrel when the fire extinguisher is turned off.

The trigger mechanism of the locking-distribution device can consist of a lever, which consists of two functional parts: a release part in the form of a handle and a piston part in the form of a rectangular pusher of valve stems of components A and B.

The piston part of the lever is fixed in the eye and tightened with a bolt and nut.

Through the holes in the handle and the lever a security check can be passed through to protect the fire extinguisher from accidental operation by accidentally pressing the lever.

The operating principle of the fire extinguisher locking mechanism is based on the mechanical action of the piston part of the lever on the valve stems of components A and B, respectively.

The impact occurs due to pressing the release part of the lever to the handle, as a result of which the passage of components A and B to the corresponding pipelines is sequentially opened.

Accordingly, when pushing the release part of the lever from the handle, the passage of components B and A in the respective pipelines is ensured.

The fire extinguisher case designed as a sealed U-shaped vessel is designed to store components A and B in it under atmospheric pressure, placing a gas generator cartridge on one of the covers of the starting case for creating an overpressure inside the case when the gas generating cartridge operates, during which the fire extinguisher functions Components A and B are supplied from the fire extinguisher housing through the corresponding valves of the locking-distributing device into the barrel as media mixing and foaming of the mixture of components A and B to obtain an extinguishing agent in the form of a quick-hardening foam of a foamed silica gel.

To protect against corrosion, the case of the fire extinguisher can be painted on the inside with an epoxy lacquer paint resistant to alkaline component A, and painted on the outside with powder paint.

The caps, the distribution and the locking mechanisms and the starting device of the gas-chuck are made of stainless steel.

The body of the fire extinguisher is counting on an excess internal working pressure of 1 MPa, and is experiencing a test pressure of 1.5 MPa.

The reservoir of component B is intended for storing a solution of a sol-forming activator of silica of the solution, which is an acidic solution in the form of an acid solution or a salt solution. The tank is located inside the housing of component A and interacts outside with an alkaline medium.

The capacity of component B in the proposed fire extinguisher is an elastic package made of PVC in the form of a tube with the required volume of material that is neutral to the effects of an acidic and alkaline environment, for example, polyvinyl chloride.

Determination of the fire extinguishing efficiency of the proposed fire extinguisher of solid extinguishing was carried out according to the method for extinguishing the model fire 1A in accordance with GOST 51057-2001.

The tests were carried out in the open air at a temperature corresponding to the operating temperature range of the fire extinguisher used, and the wind speed not exceeding 5 m / s, in the absence of precipitation.

Improving the reliability of the fire extinguisher is ensured by the execution of the locking mechanism and switchgear with the possibility of first-time supply to the mixing-foaming means of component A and mixing components A and B directly in the foaming means, namely made with the possibility of starting the operation of the fire extinguisher sequential supply to the mixing - foaming of extinguishing substance of component A and then component B, and at the end of the operation of the fire extinguisher successive cessation of supplying component B and then component A to the spraying and foaming means. This not only completely prevents the possibility of hardening of the foamed silica gel inside the supply line of the extinguishing agent to the foaming means and inside the mixing-foaming means, but also makes it possible to repeatedly turn on / off fire extinguisher and its repeated normal use to the full development of the charges of components A and B.

Practical tests of the possibility of achieving a technical result and industrial implementation of the method of the device was carried out in the open air at a temperature corresponding to the operating temperature range of the fire extinguisher used, and a wind speed not exceeding 5 m / s, in the absence of precipitation (Fig. 2-4).

The model fire center 1A according to GOST 51057-2001 was a wooden pile in the form of a cube, placed on a solid support in such a way that the distance from the base of the pile to the supporting surface was 400 mm.

As a combustible material, 72 bars of conifers were used, not lower than the third grade according to GOST 8486-86 with a cross section of 40 mm, a length of 500 mm, and a humidity of 10-20%.

The stack contained 12 layers of 6 bars in each layer, laid out so that the bars of each subsequent layer were perpendicular to the bars of the underlying layer with the formation of channels of rectangular cross-section throughout the volume of the stack. The free surface area of the model focus was 4.7 m ²

A metal pan for a combustible liquid of 400 × 400 × 100 mm was placed under the stack, into which 5.0 dm ³ was poured to form a continuous flat surface and 1.1 dm ^{3 of} summer gasoline meeting the requirements of GOST R 51105-97.

A pan with a flammable liquid was placed under the stack in such a way that the centers of the stack and the pallet coincided.

They set fire to gasoline in the pan and after 8–10 minutes from the moment of the start of burning, when the stack was covered with flames from all sides, they proceeded to extinguish the model fire by various fire extinguishing agents.

During extinguishing, the fire center was given rotation at a speed of 3-5 rpm, which made it possible to supply fire extinguishing substances to each side of the fire site consistently and without operator intervention, with the exception of the human factor.

Quenching using the proposed fire extinguisher solid extinguishing was performed with the supply of fast-hardening foam from the foamed silica gel with a flow rate of 0.9-1.1 l / s at a pressure of 0.7-0.8 MPa at a distance from the trunk to the fire center 4-6 m. The fire extinguisher was installed stationary.

After the visually observed termination of extinguishing of the model hearth, various fire extinguishing compositions fixed the time to re-ignition.

A model fire was considered extinguished, if within 10 minutes no re-ignition occurred, followed by steady burning of the stack.

Field tests also showed the possibility of quickly covering the surfaces of emergency spills of flammable liquids and explosive objects with quick-hardening foam of a foamed silica gel, ensuring a sharp decrease in the evaporation rate of flammable liquids and heating of explosive objects for several seconds, which ensures fast and effective fire and explosion prevention and extinguishing of fire at the beginning of accidents. .

Thus, the use of the proposed fire extinguisher for explosion prevention and solid extinguishing ensures a reliable technical result, namely, significantly increases the reliability of the fire extinguisher and the effectiveness of fire extinguishing with quick-hardening foam from silica gel, and proves that all the essential features of the utility model are in causal relationship with the technical result obtained from the use of the utility model.

Specific materials, design features and manufacturing technology of the fire extinguisher and / or its individual parts are chosen in the usual way with respect to the specific conditions of its operation.

The manufacture of prototypes and the test examples shown above in real conditions showed a confident achievement of the technical result.

As separate elements and assemblies of the proposed fire extinguisher for solid-state extinguishing, various fire-fighting equipment known in the technique of fire extinguishing, commonly used in the manufacture and use of fire extinguishers, can be used.

The analysis also shows that all general and specific features of the utility model are essential, since each of them is necessary, and together they are not only sufficient to achieve the goal of the utility model, but also allow the utility model to be implemented industrially.

Considering the novelty of the essential features, the technical solution of the task, the inventive step and the materiality of all the general and particular features of the utility model, proved in the section “Technological level” and “Disclosure of the utility model”, proved in the section “Implementation of the utility model”, the technical feasibility and industrial applicability of the useful successful solution of the inventive problem and the confident achievement of the required technical result in the implementation and use of the utility model; According to him, the claimed utility model meets all requirements of the criteria for eligibility requirements for a utility model.

Claims (38)

1. Fire extinguisher for fire and explosion prevention and solid fire extinguishing containing sealed enclosure with fire extinguishing agent components, a means of mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of components of the extinguishing agent, Means of creating pressure inside the case with the possibility of pressure expelling the components of the extinguishing agent from the case into the means of mixing and foaming the mixture of components of the extinguishing agent and means for separately feeding the components of the extinguishing agent from the housing into the means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of components of the extinguishing agent, characterized in that fire extinguisher housing is made U-shaped in the form of two mostly vertically oriented cylindrical cylinders, in which the lower ends are connected to each other from the bottom through taps, and the upper ends of the top are covered with lids, one of which is connected to the pipelines of the means for the separate supply of the components of the extinguishing agent to the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components of the extinguishing agent, and to the other - a means of creating pressure inside the body, wherein the cylinders connected to each other through the outlets are connected in the upper parts with an overflow pipe with the possibility of equalizing the pressure in the upper parts of the cylinders when the body is filled with components of the extinguishing agent and when the fire extinguisher is functioning. 2. Fire extinguisher under item 1, characterized in that the means of creating pressure inside the body is made in the form of a gas generator with the ability to create inside the body pressure displacing gas 0.8-1 MPa, for example, a solid fuel generator GG-10 (B) -02. 3. The fire extinguisher under item 1, characterized in that it contains means of protection against accidental operation of the fire extinguisher, made, for example, in the form of safety checks of the gas generator, removed during preparation of the fire extinguisher to use. 4. Fire extinguisher according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of components of the extinguishing agent is made in the form of a locking-starting device and a barrel attached to it, capable of mixing separately supplied components of the extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture components of the extinguishing agent ejected into the trunk of atmospheric air. 5. The fire extinguisher according to claim 4, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of obtaining as a fire extinguishing agent a foamed silica gel in the form of a quick-hardening foam, obtained by mixing and foaming the mixture component A in the form of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, and foaming surfactants, mainly synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, at a ratio, wt. %: 10-70, mainly 20-50 sodium silicate, 1-15, mainly 3-6 foaming surfactants, the rest is water, and component B in the form of 20-60%, mainly from 30-50% aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a volume ratio of components A and B from 15: 1 to 6: 1, preferably 10: 1. 6. The fire extinguisher according to claim 5, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of obtaining a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness for from 1 second to 2 minutes and a change in its volume in the hardened state of not more than 10% within 24 hours. 7. Fire extinguisher according to claim 5, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of obtaining a solid ceramic foam material based on a foamed silica gel, which has thermal stability when exposed to a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 60 minutes, which contains, by weight. %, 13-65%, mainly 20-50% silica, 1-15%, mostly 6% foaming surfactant, water - the rest; has a volume weight of 0.1-0.8 g / cm ³ ; has a volume stability of at least 22 hours with a volume change of no more than 10%, and in a dehydrated state has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g / cm ³ and retains at least 95% of the volume form when heated to a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 40 minutes; It has a micro and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² / g; has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of from 2 to 20; has a hardness in viscosity more than 100 Pa 100s; has white or yellowish white color. 8. Fire extinguisher according to claim 5, characterized in that the container with component B is made in the form of an elastic bag located in the body of a material that is neutral to the effects of acid and alkaline media, for example, from polyvinyl chloride, with the ability to feed component B from the container with component B in the pipeline component B and the action of pressure inside the housing. 9. The fire extinguisher under item 5, characterized in that it contains the locking-starting device, made with the possibility at the beginning of the use of a fire extinguisher of sequential feed into the barrel first component A and then component B, and at the end of using the fire extinguisher sequential stop feed into the barrel first component B and then component A. 10. The fire extinguisher according to claim 9, characterized in that the starting-up device contains a valve of component A equipped with rods of different lengths and a valve of component B, made possible at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher by first opening the valve of component A and then the valve of component B, and at the termination of the functional use of the fire extinguisher sequential closure of first valve component B and then valve component A. 11. The fire extinguisher according to claim 9, characterized in that the shut-off device is configured to activate the fire extinguisher by sequentially opening / closing the valves of components A and B with the ability to ensure the sequential supply of components A and B at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, as well as first stop the supply of component B to the trunk and the subsequent termination of component A into the barrel when the functional use of the fire extinguisher is stopped. 12. The fire extinguisher according to claim 11, characterized in that the locking-starting device contains a lever containing the release part in the form of a handle pressed against the handle and the piston part in the form of a rectangular pusher of valve stem components A and B, which provide, due to their different lengths, priority flow component A into the barrel at the beginning of the functional use of a fire extinguisher and the subsequent supply of component B into the barrel, as well as the primary cessation of supplying the trunk of component B and the subsequent cessation of supplying component A to the barrel when p cessation of use of a fire extinguisher. 13. The fire extinguisher according to Claim. 1, characterized in that the pipeline for supplying component B from the housing to the means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components is made located inside the pipeline for component A.

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