RU183049U1 - Fire extinguisher for fire prevention and solid extinguishing - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to fire extinguishing techniques, namely portable fire extinguishing devices and fire extinguishers for fire prevention and extinguishing of fire by inorganic quick-hardening foam, and can be used in fire-explosion prevention and suppression of fires in the initial stage of their occurrence in enclosed spaces and in open areas. and fire extinguishing and fire prevention efficiency fire extinguisher for fire prevention and solid-state fire extinguishing, with holding a sealed enclosure with the extinguishing agent components housed therein, a means for mixing the extinguishing agent components and a means for supplying the extinguishing agent components from the enclosure to the means for mixing the extinguishing agent components with compressed gas pressure inside the enclosure, the extinguisher is configured to produce a foamed silica gel as an extinguishing agent quick-hardening foam obtained by mixing and foaming placed inside the fire extinguisher body and feeding components of the extinguishing agent used to mix the pressure of the compressed gas inside the housing: component A - an aqueous solution of a mixture of alkali metal silicate, mainly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, mainly synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, and component B - silica ash activating agent, mainly in the form an aqueous solution of acetic acid, and a means of mixing the components of the extinguishing agent is made in the form of an ejector mixer-foam generator torus, with mixing of components A and B and foaming a mixture of components A and B ejected foam generator to the mixer-atmospheric air. 11 s.p. f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to fire extinguishing techniques, namely, portable fire extinguishing devices and fire extinguishers for explosive fire prevention and extinguishing a fire with inorganic quick-hardening foam and can be used for fire and explosion prevention and suppression of fires in the initial stage of their occurrence in enclosed spaces and in open areas.

State of the art

It is known that water is the most widely used fire extinguisher for extinguishing fires [A.N. Baratov, E.N. Ivanov. Fire fighting at chemical and oil refining enterprises. - M.: Chemistry, 1979, p. 64-72].

To increase the fire extinguishing ability of water, organic additives are usually added to its composition, which increase the viscosity of water (thickeners) or reduce its surface tension (foaming agents) [SU 797707, A62D 1/00, 1981], or add additives of inorganic salts - chlorides, carbonates and bicarbonates of alkali metals, clay and other fine substances that increase the fire extinguishing ability of water.

Known, in particular, is a mineral-water suspension for extinguishing a fire [RU 2098158, A62D 1/00, А62С 3/00, 12/10/1997], which contains, by weight, to increase the adhesive and insulating properties of the mineral-water composition. %: 7-16 water glass, 13-72 clay and 20-80 water. The resulting suspension is used by spraying with various existing methods (using pumps, spills from airplanes or helicopters). The most effective are dispersion methods using explosion energy or pressure accumulators (air, powder, etc.), because allow dispersing the composition to droplets with a diameter of less than 10 microns, significantly increasing the surface of interaction with the flame.

The main disadvantage of such compositions is the multicomponent, the complexity of preparation and the possibility of separation during storage, as well as the allocation of toxic combustion products during the decomposition of organic components of the composition.

Known extinguishing agent for extinguishing oil and oil products [RU 2263525, A62D 1/00, 11/10/2005], which to increase efficiency, low cost and ease of use contains an extinguishing agent applied to granules of refractory porous material with a diameter of 10-50 mm with a working 1-5 mm thick layer. The extinguishing composition contains calcium bicarbonate in an amount of 0.2-0.8 weight. o'clock, liquid glass in an amount of 0.2-0.8 weight. hours and 0.1-0.3 weight. including inhibitory additives.

The known composition [DE 10054686, 06/06/2002], containing more than 50% liquid glass, mainly 90-98% with a liquid glass module in the range of 1-4. The effectiveness of this composition is ensured by the ability of liquid glass to form a heat-resistant insulating film on the combustion surface, which prevents the access of oxygen to the combustion surface.

The main disadvantage of this composition is its high viscosity, in connection with which this extinguishing composition is applied to the combustion surface from aerosol containers using transport gases - nitrogen, carbon dioxide or foaming agents, as well as using other devices.

For more efficient use of liquid glass as a quenching composition, it is necessary to reduce its viscosity by introducing water into the composition. In relation to water, water glass is a thickener, and in relation to water glass, water is a thinner.

A known composition for extinguishing forest fires with a small amount of water [RU 2449825, A62D 1/00, 05/10/2012] containing water and a finely ground mixture of fusible glass at a concentration of 0.0001-10% in the form of a solution or suspension. When melted by fire, the components form a glass film on the surface of a burning object and prevent the access of oxygen.

Known aqueous solution for extinguishing fires [RU 2275951, A62D 1/00, 05/10/2006], which in order to ensure the necessary level of viscosity and achieve a significant reduction in temperature in the combustion zone, high temperature resistance and insulating ability of the composition due to evaporation of free water and thermal foaming liquid glass, contains water in an amount of 50-95 wt. % and as a thickening additive liquid glass with a module of 2.5-3.2 in the amount of 5-50 wt. %

Additionally, this composition may contain a high molecular weight surfactant (surfactant) in the form of a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol-toluene-water with a surface tension of less than 30 mN / m at the rate of 0.001-0.1 kg of surfactant per cubic meter of water in solution.

The presence of surfactants in this composition of the solution improves its dispersion when spraying and fixing on the combustion surface. After quenching with the proposed composition, the surface of combustion objects as a result of thermal foaming or, in their physical essence, boiling as a result of intense heating of the sprayed layer of the solution is covered with a layer of solid inorganic foam 2.5-5.5 cm thick, and this layer, acting as a kind of filter, provides a smaller residual smoke from the combustion surface.

As indicated in the description of RU 2275951, extinguishing a fire with this composition is carried out according to the following mechanism: When a jet of liquid glass approaches the combustion surface, the solution heats up under the influence of high temperature and its viscosity decreases, which contributes to a better spreading of the solution on the combustion surface.

When water evaporates from a solution on the combustion surface, the concentration of water glass increases, its viscosity increases significantly, and when water completely evaporates from the solution on the combustion surface, a liquid glass film with the property of continuity remains.

An increase in the wettability of the combustion surface with a solution and an increase in the degree of dispersion of the jet are achieved by introducing a high molecular weight surfactant with a surface tension of less than 30 менее10 ^-3 N / m, for example, based on polyvinyl alcohol, toluene and water in an amount of 0.001 -0.1 kg / m ^{3 of} water in solution.

A liquid glass film formed after evaporation of free water on the combustion surface at a temperature of 120-200 ° C loses molecular water and acquires a solid state. In the temperature range 200-400 ° C, chemically bound water begins to be removed from the solid liquid glass, under the influence of which the liquid glass crust acquires a pyroplastic state, and the water vapor released, due to a sharp increase in its volume, foams this crust and its volume increases by 10-50 time. The density of the foam layer formed on the combustion surface is 30-50 kg / m ³ and this layer blocks the access of air oxygen to the combustion surface.

The resulting foam layer is not susceptible to burning, as it is an inorganic substance in its composition - anhydrous alkali metal silicate, has a low thermal conductivity coefficient (0.03-0.036 W / m иK) and prevents the quenched surface from heating up to the ignition temperature due to a sharp decrease in intensity exposure to heat flux generated by the emission of flame and convective heat from flue gases.

The disadvantages of RU 2275951 are the practical impossibility of uniformly spraying and the practical impossibility of providing controlled thermal foaming of the liquid glass solution on the surfaces of burning materials that are almost always uneven and changing during the burning process and, accordingly, the impossibility of obtaining a given thickness of a solid foam of a certain structure, as well as the need for high temperature for thermal foaming, namely the need for a temperature of 120-200 ° C for the evaporation of a mole acous- water and tverdoobraznogo acquisition status and the need for a temperature of 200-400 ° C to remove tverdoobraznogo waterglass chemically bound water, under the action of the crust which becomes waterglass pyroplastic state, and the subsequent intensive discharge of water vapor (boiling) for foaming of the crust.

It is known to use sprayed water as a fire extinguishing agent, however, sprayed water has a relatively low fire extinguishing efficiency, and its generating devices require connection to pressurized water pipes.

It is known to use air-mechanical foam of low and medium multiplicity, which has increased fire extinguishing efficiency compared to sprayed water, however, most of the known water-foam generators and fire extinguishers provide liquid air-mechanical foam based on an aqueous solution of a foaming agent and air or gas, which quickly settles and does not hold on vertical and inclined surfaces, which significantly reduces efficiency and increases fire fighting time.

A fire extinguisher is known that contains a container with a fire extinguishing liquid, a system for displacing a liquid from a container, a locking and starting device, a liquid atomizer with a centrifugal flow swirler and an outlet nozzle, and a pipeline connecting the output of the locking and starting device with a liquid atomizer, in which, to increase the efficiency of extinguishing ignition zones, first of all, classes “A” and “B” by generating a high-speed atomized stream of extinguishing liquid with a given spray angle, the output nozzle of the liquid atomizer a profiled channel including a section narrowing in the direction of the fluid flow, wherein the centrifugal swirl is made in the form of a hollow insert with at least one tangentially directed inlet channel formed in the side wall of the insert and an inlet axial channel, the insert cavity being in communication with the inlet of the profiled nozzle [RU 43465 A62C 13/62, A62C 31/02, publ. January 27, 2005].

A fire extinguisher is known that contains a container filled with a liquid fire extinguishing agent, a source of displacing gas, a shut-off and starting device, a liquid spray connected through a pipe to the exit of the locking and starting device, while the liquid spray is configured to generate a directed finely dispersed jet of fire-extinguishing substance, in which, to provide the ability to effectively extinguish fires of Class A and B fires and electrical equipment under high voltage, and long-term storage and ex of extinguishing a fire extinguisher at low temperatures, a mixture of an aqueous salt solution selected from the following substances is used as a liquid extinguishing agent: diammonium phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, and a foaming agent, and the salt content in the extinguishing agent is at least 10 wt. . %, the content of the film-forming foaming agent in the extinguishing agent is at least 5 wt. % In this case, compressed gas was used as the source of displacing gas, filling the gas cavity in the container above the surface of the liquid extinguishing agent, and the liquid atomizer is equipped with a jet-centrifugal liquid flow swirl and an outlet nozzle and is made with a profiled channel including an inlet section of a cylindrical shape and an outlet section in the shape of a conical diffuser, while the inlet of the outlet section is associated with the outlet of the cylindrical section [RU 82562 A62C 13/62, A62C 31/02, publ. 05/10/2009].

Known portable fire extinguisher containing a reservoir with a fire extinguishing agent, a launcher head housing mounted on a reservoir with a fire extinguishing agent, a spring-loaded rod with a conical protrusion located in a longitudinal channel made in the launcher head housing, which has a first radial hole mounted on the launcher head housing for compressed gas with a sealing membrane facing the conical protrusion of the rod, siphon tube, outlet fitting and means for moving the rod, elastic gasket installed on the rod, while the longitudinal channel has two cavities separated from each other by a sealing element mounted on the rod, the first cavity communicates with the outlet of the compressed gas cylinder and through the first radial hole with the cavity of the reservoir with a fire extinguishing substance, the second cavity communicates with a second radial hole with a siphon tube, and with a third radial hole with an outlet fitting, in which, to prevent leakage of the extinguishing agent during storage and transportation, while maintaining the possibility of a short termination of its operation, a cylindrical spring and a washer are installed on the rod in the second cavity, an elastic gasket is located on the lower surface of the washer, a cylindrical spring is located between the washer and the upper wall of the second cavity, and the length of the cylindrical spring in the axial direction is free state exceeds the distance from the washer to the upper wall of the second cavity [RU 8896 A62C 13/00, publ. 01/16/1999].

Known devices for producing hardening foam from a composition of low molecular weight and high molecular weight substances, providing an increase in foam generation productivity, continuous operation without stops for recharging containers with working solutions, which contains a cylindrical body, nozzles for supplying liquid and gas and a gas-liquid flow diffuser located coaxially to the body, while the nozzles for supplying an aqueous solution of a surfactant and a urea-formaldehyde resin are offset relative to the axis the housing and the mixer at a distance of 5-15% of the inner diameter of the pipe [RU 2226123 B01F 3/04, B01F 5/04, publ. 03/27/2004].

The device according to RU 2226123 can be used to create protective foam screens to prevent the evaporation of oil and oil products during emergency spills and in the technology of processing polymers into porous or cellular products for various purposes, but due to the combustibility of the obtained solid foam, it is not applicable in the field of fire fighting.

A fire extinguisher is known, having at least one container with a fire extinguishing means, is configured to withdraw this means if a real or potential fire is identified. The fire extinguishing agent is a stable aqueous suspension of finely dispersed expanded vermiculite (a natural mineral with the chemical formula (Mg, Fe, Al) ₃ (Al, Si) ₄ O ₁₀ (OH) ₂ 4H ₂ O). The method of extinguishing a fire is carried out by supplying this means of extinguishing a fire to a flame, zones adjacent to it, and also areas of high risk of fire spread. The fire extinguisher used can be made by at least partially filling a container adapted to remove the fire extinguishing agent. The tool has an improved limiting effect and the formation of an insulating barrier due to the formation of a layer on the surface of the barrier with respect to oxygen and heat, can be used to extinguish fire on humans and animals. It is desirable that the amount of vermiculite is 3-40 wt. %, more preferably 10-30 wt. %, and particularly desirable - 15-25 wt. %, for example, about 20 wt. % Preferred is very fine vermiculite with a particle size in the range from nanometers to 1000 microns, and it is desirable that this size does not exceed 300 microns [RU 2635613 A62D 1/00, A62C 3/00, C09K 21/02 Publ. 11/14/2017].

The disadvantage of RU 2635613 is the possibility of using a fire extinguishing agent only in the form of an aqueous finely divided suspension and the inability to form foam on its basis.

Chemical foam extinguishers are known that generate chemical foam resulting from the sharp foaming of an alkaline solution (usually an aqueous solution of soda) by adding acid (usually sulfuric or hydrochloric) to it.

Known fire extinguisher for the formation and supply of chemical foam, containing a housing filled with an alkaline solution, a spray located in the upper part of the housing, a lid and a bottle of acid, closed with a plug with a rod, while the cylinder is equipped with a float in which, for uniform distribution of acid charge in the fire extinguisher body, the float is made in the form of an annular chamber and is mounted concentrically to the cylinder body in its lower part [RU 26191 АСС 13/04, publ. November 20, 2002].

Known chemical foam fire extinguisher containing a vessel with a lid filled with an alkaline solution, a spray located in the upper part of the vessel, an acid cylinder, the bottom of which is made in the form of a membrane, a drive rod and a sampling tube installed in the vessel, one end of which is connected to the spray, and the other is facing the bottom of the vessel, in which, to increase the operational properties and speed of response, the drive rod is equipped with a piston located in the cavity of the container, and a through hole is made in the wall of the container, located th above the piston part [RU 26192 A62S 13/04, publ. November 20, 2002].

A common disadvantage of known chemical foam fire extinguishers is the insufficient fire extinguishing efficiency, usually caused by a small amount of generated chemical foam, determined by the stoichiometric ratio of the reagents, as well as the possibility of only one use during the course of the reaction with the impossibility of its interruption and subsequent repeated resumption.

Known aqueous solution for extinguishing fires [RU 2275951, A62D 1/00, 05/10/2006], which in order to ensure the necessary level of viscosity and achieve a significant reduction in temperature in the combustion zone, high temperature resistance and insulating ability of the composition due to evaporation of free water and thermal foaming liquid glass, contains water in an amount of 50-95 wt. % and as a thickening additive liquid glass with a module of 2.5-3.2 in the amount of 5-50 wt. %

Additionally, this composition may contain a high molecular weight surfactant in the form of a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol - toluene - water with a surface tension of less than 30 mN / m at the rate of 0.001-0.1 kg of surfactant per cubic meter of water in solution.

The presence of surfactants in this composition of the solution improves its dispersion when spraying and fixing on the combustion surface. After quenching with the proposed composition, the surface of combustion objects as a result of thermal foaming or, in their physical essence, boiling as a result of intense heating of the sprayed layer of the solution is covered with a layer of solid inorganic foam 2.5-5.5 cm thick, and this layer, acting as a kind of filter, provides a smaller residual smoke from the combustion surface.

As indicated in the description of RU 2275951, extinguishing a fire with this composition is carried out according to the following mechanism: When a jet of liquid glass approaches the combustion surface, the solution heats up under the influence of high temperature and its viscosity decreases, which contributes to a better spreading of the solution on the combustion surface. When water evaporates from a solution on the combustion surface, the concentration of water glass increases, its viscosity increases significantly, and when water completely evaporates from the solution on the combustion surface, a liquid glass film with the property of continuity remains.

An increase in the wettability of the combustion surface with a solution and an increase in the degree of dispersion of the jet are achieved by introducing a high molecular weight surfactant with a surface tension of less than 30 менее10 ^-3 N / m, for example, based on polyvinyl alcohol, toluene and water in an amount of 0.001 -0.1 kg / m ^{3 of} water in solution.

A liquid glass film formed after evaporation of free water on the combustion surface at a temperature of 120-200 ° C loses molecular water and acquires a solid state. In the temperature range 200-400 ° C, chemically bound water begins to be removed from the solid liquid glass, under the influence of which the liquid glass crust acquires a pyroplastic state, and the water vapor released, due to a sharp increase in its volume, foams this crust and its volume increases by 10-50 time. The density of the silicate foam layer formed on the combustion surface is 30-50 kg / m ³ and this layer blocks the access of air oxygen to the combustion surface.

A layer of solid silicate foam formed in this way is not susceptible to burning, as it is an inorganic substance in its composition - anhydrous alkali metal silicate, has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity (0.03-0.036 W / m⋅K) and prevents the quenched surface from heating to ignition temperature beyond due to a sharp decrease in the intensity of the heat flux generated by the emission of flame and convective heat of flue gases.

The disadvantages of RU 2275951 are the practical impossibility of uniformly spraying and controlled thermal foaming of a liquid glass solution on practically always uneven and burning surfaces of burning materials and, accordingly, the inability to obtain a given thickness of a “glass” foam of a certain structure, as well as the need for a high temperature for thermal foaming, namely the need for a temperature of 120-200 ° C for the evaporation of molecular water and the acquisition of solid figurative state and the need for a temperature of 200-400 ° C to remove chemically bound water from the solid liquid glass, under the influence of which the liquid glass crust acquires a pyroplastic state, and the subsequent intensive evolution of water vapor (boiling) for foaming this crust and its transformation into solid silicate the foam.

Known xerogel porous SiO ₂ [RU 2530048 S01V 33/16, publ. 10.10.2014 Application PCT EP 2010/067821 20101119, publication PCT WO 2011/061289 20110526] which contains pores that are larger than 50 nm but less than 1000 nm, in particular less than 500 nm, in particular less than 300 nm, in particular - less than 100 nm, has a density of less than 400 kg / m ³ , in particular less than 290 kg / m ³ , in particular less than 200 kg / m ³ , contains a fraction of carbon that is less than 10%, in particular less than 5%, and has a thermal conductivity at 800 ° C less than 0,060 W / m⋅K, at 400 ° C - less than 0,040 W / m⋅K, at 200 ° C - less than 0,030 W / m⋅K, has an elastic modulus of at least 5 MPa, at temperatures up to 560 ° С (in at oxygen containing sphere) has long-term thermal stability, is a monolithic molded product, granulate or powder.

This xerogel SiO ₂ according to RU 2530048 with a characteristic pore size of less than 1 micrometer is obtained by a sol-gel process with subcritical gel drying using temporary pore fillers or solid skeletal supports (for example, consisting of carbon or organic substances), which at the end of the preparation process removed by thermal oxidation. Ancillary organic particles, or macromolecules, or carbon particles contained in an inorganic gel, inhibit the collapse of the inorganic network during the subcritical drying process. Subsequently, these pore fillers or solid skeletal supports are removed to the maximum extent during heat treatment at temperatures above 300 ° C due to oxidation. There was thus obtained xerogel SiO ₂ (having a mass fraction of fibers of less than 5 wt.%) With a porosity of more than 80%, the content of unbound or only loosely chemically bonded to the carbon skeleton silicate less than 10% and a pore size of less than 1 micrometer.

Xerogel SiO ₂ according to EN 2530048 is used as a non-combustible or non-flammable, transparent or translucent or opaque heat-insulating material, as a supporting heat-insulating material, a catalyst support, a filter, an absorber, a non-combustible or non-flammable, transparent, translucent or non-transparent lightweight electronic building material, dielectric parts, as a system for the controlled or rapid release of drugs, as a coating for use I in thermal diffusion processes, as a mold, as a carrier for sensor molecules in sensor technology, for sound insulation, for humidity control, or as a base material for composite materials.

A known composition for creating a foamed aerosol heat-resistant foam based on sodium silicate [EP 0110328], containing two separate solutions, one of which, solution "A", is based on an aqueous solution of sodium silicate (50-97%) and propellant ( 3-50%), and the other - solution "B", which is a hardener.

According to EP 0110328, various chemical additives in the form of ammonium compounds, borates, synthetic rubbers and various organic and inorganic compounds that increase the mechanical properties of foams and dispersions are added to solution “A” (the main solution), but these compounds must be compatible, i.e. . chemical reactions between them are not supposed. In order to increase the multiplicity of the foam, surfactant additives may be added to solution “A” (to a solution of alkali metal silicates).

According to EP 0110328, organic and inorganic compounds having gelling properties, preferably carboxylic acid esters, for example triaacetate glycerol, which, having high viscosity properties, act as thickeners, increasing the rheological properties of the foams formed upon mixing, are used as the “B” (hardener) solution according to EP 0110328.

Both solutions must be pressurized in separate separation vessels, moreover solution “B” (hardener) is under greater pressure than solution “A” (stock solution).

Separating containers according to EP 0110328 are used in order to avoid the curing of the hardener. To prevent precipitation of the hardener, emulsifiers are also introduced into the solutions, and stabilizing components are introduced into the solution “B” (hardener), which form microcapsules from salts of polyvalent cations, preferably Zn, Mg, and Ca.

The formation of gas bubble inclusions (foaming) according to EP 0110328 occurs under the action of the release of liquefied propylene while compensating for the pressure difference with the atmosphere,

It is proposed to use EP 0110328 foams formed on the basis of alkali metal silicates and having stability up to 300 °, it is proposed to use them as thermally insulating foams, in the construction industry as a heat insulator.

A common disadvantage of the known silicates of alkali and alkaline earth metals, foams and non-ceramic materials based on them is their relatively low thermal stability, insufficient for their use as a fire extinguishing agent in fire and explosion prevention, since it is known that the ignition temperature for most solid materials is 300 ° C, temperature the flame in a burning cigarette is 700-800 ° C, in a match the flame temperature is 750-850 ° C, the ignition temperature of wood is 300 ° C, and the burning temperature of wood is 800-1000 ° C.

Known foamed silica gel, the use of foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent, in the fire and explosion prevention and as an insulating and filling material in construction and in other industries. [RU 2590379 СВВ 33/16, publ. 07/10/2016].

Foamed silica gel according to RU 2590379 was obtained by air-mechanical foaming on known foam generators of a mixture of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate with a foaming surfactant and an aqueous solution of an ash-forming activator of silica from alkali metal silicate in the form of an aqueous solution of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid or ammonium chloride.

The advantage of foamed silica gel according to RU 2590379 is the almost instantaneous reaction of the components after they come in contact and a set of mechanical strength of the foamed gel in terms of dynamic viscosity from 20 mPa⋅s to 100 Pa⋅s in a time range of 2 seconds, but this makes it practically impossible to use almost all known foam generators and devices for the formation of foam of low and medium multiplicity due to the solidification of the foamed silica gel inside the foam generators and devices with the rapid termination of their norms ceiling elements functioning.

A significant drawback of the technology for generating silica gel foamed gel according to RU 2590379 was that it could be obtained on known foam generators by air-mechanical foaming of a mixture of a solution of 10-70%, mainly 20-50%, sodium silicate, and 1-15%, mainly 6% , foaming surfactant, from 1 to 6%, mainly 1 to 3.5% aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a mass ratio of sodium silicate solution with a foaming surfactant and a solution of acetic acid from 100: 1 to 28: 1, p eimuschestvenno 35: 1.

As a result of using practically diluted components, the foamed silica gel obtained in accordance with RU 2590379 was obtained with a large amount of water, namely it mainly contained 20-50% silica, 1, i.e., more than half of its amount was water. When using more concentrated components, solid foam is formed in the pipeline for supplying the mixture of components to the foam generator and in the foam generator, which made their normal functioning impossible

A common disadvantage of the known water-based fire extinguishing devices and chemical fire extinguishers is that in the known devices a fire extinguishing agent is formed inside the device body and in the supply lines of the fire extinguishing agent to the spraying or foam generating means, which makes them unsuitable for use with quick-hardening silica foams due to the rapid formation of solid foam inside the device casing and in the pipelines for the supply of the mixture of the extinguishing agent to the spraying means, which stops them normally functioning.

Known chemical air foam fire extinguisher comprising a steel case filled with 9 l of the aqueous alkaline solution in the form of sodium bicarbonate mixture of NaHCO ₃ and licorice extract, and a polyethylene container tucked acid mixture in the form of sulfuric acid H ₂ SO ₄ and iron sulfide FeSO _4, increasing the volume and strength of the resulting foam, while in order to increase the efficiency of fire protection by increasing the speed and reliability of operation, the polyethylene container is rigidly connected to the valve seat fixed at the bottom of the stack on, rigidly connected to the cover of the steel casing, to the upper part of which a handle is attached for operation in the operation mode of the fire extinguisher, and in the upper part of the casing there is an outlet pipe with a foam generator. The glass is installed inside the housing axisymmetrically to him and the polyethylene container, and the valve is connected to a rod placed axisymmetrically in the glass and spring-loaded. At least three openings are made in the lower part of the glass above the valve, which provide for the connection of the alkaline and acid parts of the fire extinguisher, and on the cover of the fire extinguisher’s body there is a locking and starting device [RU 2427401 А62С 13/04, publ. 08/27/2011].

The disadvantage of this fire extinguisher is the possibility of its one-time use and the insufficient efficiency of its functioning.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result (prototype) is a chemical foam fire extinguisher containing a container filled with a liquid fire extinguishing substance, a source of displacing gas, a shut-off and start device, a liquid spray connected through a pipe to the exit of the shut-off and start device, while liquid is made with the possibility of generating a directed finely dispersed jet of fire extinguishing substance, in which, for generating a finely dispersed jet of fire extinguishing liquid the type with which effective extinguishing of fires of class A and B fires, as well as electrical equipment under high voltage and maintaining fire extinguishing efficiency during prolonged storage and at low temperatures, is carried out using a mixture of an aqueous salt solution selected from the following series substances: diammonium phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, and a film-forming foaming agent, and the salt content in the extinguishing agent is not less than 10 wt. %, the content of the film-forming foaming agent in the extinguishing agent is at least 5 wt. % The result is an increase in the efficiency of the fire extinguisher of a fire extinguisher by expanding technical capabilities, increasing the operating life, ensuring a stable mode of operation with the exception of the need for turning over and self-operation during operation [RU 2278713 A62C 13/04, publ. 06/27/2006 (prototype)].

As a source of displacing gas in RU 2278713, compressed gas is used to fill a gas cavity in a container above the surface of a liquid extinguishing agent, the liquid atomizer is equipped with a jet-centrifugal fluid flow swirl and an outlet nozzle and is made with a profiled channel that includes an inlet section of a cylindrical shape and an outlet section in in the form of a conical diffuser, wherein the inlet of the outlet section is associated with the outlet of the cylindrical section.

When using RU 2278713, a directed finely dispersed jet of extinguishing liquid is generated, which, as shown above, has a lower fire extinguishing efficiency compared to air-mechanical foam.

Portable fire extinguishers with the possibility of obtaining solid non-combustible inorganic foam and the possibility of solid extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention in the scope of the search were not identified.

Solved problem and technical result

The objective of the utility model is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known analogues and prototype.

The technical result achieved by using the utility model is to increase the reliability of the operation of a fire extinguisher and the effectiveness of fire extinguishing and fire prevention.

Utility Model Essence

The problem is solved and the required technical result is achieved in that a fire extinguisher for fire and fire extinguishing and solid extinguishing, containing a sealed enclosure with the components of the extinguishing agent, means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and means for supplying the components of the extinguishing agent from the enclosure to the means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent with compressed pressure gas inside the case,

according to the utility model, it is made possible to obtain a foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent, which forms a quick-hardening foam, obtained by mixing and foaming the components of the fire extinguisher placed inside the fire extinguisher body and supplied to the mixing tool by the pressure of compressed gas inside the body: component A - an aqueous solution of an alkaline silicate mixture metal, mainly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, mainly synthetic carbohydrates portly foaming agent, and a component B - activator zoleobrazovaniya silica, preferably as an aqueous solution of acetic acid, and

the means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent is made in the form of an ejector mixer-foam generator with the possibility of mixing components A and B and foaming the mixture of components A and B with atmospheric air ejected into the mixer-foam generator,

moreover, the fire extinguisher contains a locking and starting mechanism and a switchgear, configured to start component A and then component B at the beginning of the use of the fire extinguisher in series, and then component B at the end of the use of the fire extinguisher, in order to first start component B in the ejector mixer-foam generator and then component A.

In the proposed fire extinguisher

means for supplying the components of the extinguishing agent from the housing to the means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent is made in the form of a pipeline of component A and a pipeline of component B, and the pipeline of component B can be made located inside the pipeline of component A;

the valve of component A and the valve of component B equipped with rods of different lengths are configured to, at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, sequentially first open the valve of the component A and then the valve of the component B, and upon termination of the functional use of the fire extinguisher sequentially close the valve of the component B and then the valve of component A.

The fire extinguisher’s locking and starting mechanism is capable of actuating the fire extinguisher by sequentially opening / closing the valves of components A and B with the possibility of sequential supply of components A and B to the ejector mixer-foam generator at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, as well as the priority termination of supply to the ejector mixer the foam generator of component B and the subsequent termination of component A into the ejector mixer-foaming agent when the functional nogo use a fire extinguisher.

The locking and starting mechanism of the fire extinguisher structurally contains an eye, a handle and a lever containing a squeeze part in the form of a handle and a piston part in the form of a rectangular pusher of the valve stems of components A and B, which, due to their different lengths, ensure the priority supply of component A to the component A supply pipe and ejector the mixer-foam generator at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher and the subsequent supply of component B to the pipeline of component B and to the mixer-foam generator, as well as the priority stop of feeding into the mixer-ejector foam generator component B and subsequent termination of feeding the ejector-mixer component A foam generator at the termination of use extinguisher.

The eye and handle and the trigger mechanism are attached to the fire extinguisher cover with screws, the piston part of the lever is fixed in the eye by means of a bolt and nut, and a rectangular hole is made in the upper part of the handle for the squeeze part of the lever.

The container with component B is made in the form of an elastic bag attached to the housing cover made of a material that is neutral to the effects of an acid and alkaline environment, such as polyvinyl chloride, with the possibility of feeding component B from the container with component B into the pipeline of component B and into the ejector mixer-foam generator under the action compressed gas pressure inside the housing.

The fire extinguisher may contain a means of preventing accidental operation of the fire extinguisher, made, for example, in the form of a safety check that is removed when preparing the fire extinguisher for use.

The fire extinguisher is made with the possibility of obtaining a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness for 1 second to 2 minutes and a change in its volume in the hardened state of not more than 10% for 24 hours and the possibility of obtaining a solid foam ceramic material based on foamed silica gel with thermal stability at a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 60 minutes, which

contains, by weight. %, 13-65%, mainly 20-50% silica, 1-15%, mainly 6% foaming surfactant, water - the rest;

has a bulk density of 0.1-0.8 g / cm ³ ;

has a volumetric stability of at least 22 hours with a change in volume of not more than 10%,

and in a dehydrated state

has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g / cm ^{3 and}

retains at least 95% of the volume when heated to a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 40 minutes;

has a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² / g;

has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20;

has a hardness in terms of viscosity of more than 100 Pa⋅s;

has a white or yellowish white color.

Brief Description of the Drawings

The utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a General view of a fire extinguisher for fire prevention and solid extinguishing, then a fire extinguisher.

In FIG. 2 is a rear view of a fire extinguisher.

In FIG. 3 shows a cross section of a fire extinguisher along the line AA., Where are shown: switchgear 1; locking trigger 2; fire extinguisher housing 3 with component A located inside the housing; an elastic container 4 with component B located inside the housing; a pipe 5 for feeding component A to the mixing-foaming means; component B; a pipe 6 for feeding component B to the component mixing means; means for mixing components A and B and foaming the mixture of components A and B in the form of an ejector mixer-foam generator 7 with the possibility of mixing components A and B and foaming the mixture of components A and B with ejected atmospheric air.

In FIG. 4 shows the beginning of the extinguishing of the model fire 1A using the proposed fire extinguisher.

In FIG. 5 shows the end of the extinguishing of the model fire 1A using the proposed fire extinguisher 5 seconds after the start of the extinguishing.

In FIG. 6 shows a view of a model fire center 1A immediately after solid-state fire extinguishing by the proposed fire extinguisher.

Utility Model Implementation

The chemical process for producing foamed silica gel and ceramic foam based on dehydrated foamed silica includes the step of forming a silica sol and the foaming step of a silica sol to form a foamed silica gel and releasing water, as well as the stage of dewatering the foamed silica gel to obtain a solid foam-based silica foam material.

The formation of a silica sol occurs as a result of mixing and mutual homogenization of a mixture of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate, mainly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, mainly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, (component A), and a silica ash activating agent (component B).

The transition of alkali metal silicate, further preferably sodium silicate, to silica is due to the chemical reaction of hydrolysis of sodium silicate in an aqueous medium in the presence of an ash activating agent with the formation of silicic acid

≡ Si-O-Na + H ⁺ → ≡ Si-O-H + Na ⁺

and subsequent condensation of silicic acid, contributing to the nucleation of the dispersed phase of the silica sol and the release of water

≡Si-O-H + ≡Si-OH → ≡Si-O-Si≡ + H ₂ O

The effect of the ash activating activator on the polymerization of the formed silica monomers and the limitation of this stage of the process from further gelation is determined by the size of the hydrodynamic particle radius in the range up to 50 nm, since it is known that an increase in the concentration and size of the dispersed phase leads to the appearance of coagulation contacts between particles and the beginning of structuring

As the authors showed, as an activator of ash formation of silica from alkali metal silicate (component B), it is advisable to use acidic solutions with pH from 0.5 to 5, for example, an aqueous solution from 20 to 60%, mainly from 30-50% aqueous acetic acid solution

The volume ratio of components A and B is from 15: 1 to 6: 1, mainly 10: 1.

Components A and B are mixed and foamed in the ejector foam mixer shown in FIG. 3 designs with the formation of quick-hardening silica foam with a multiplicity of 2-60 with the occurrence of silica sol formation and polycondensation of a silica sol with a sol-gel transition of silica in a foam medium to obtain a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness using the above components in the specified ratio over 1 second to 1.5 minutes and a change in its volume of not more than 10% within 24 hours.

As a result of the natural or forced release of moisture from the foamed silica gel, a solid ceramic foam material is obtained based on the foamed silica gel, which, while maintaining the foamed structure, has thermal stability when exposed to a temperature of at least 1000 ° C for up to 60 minutes, which makes it possible to use the resulting foamed silica gel and ceramic foam material based on foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent for explosion and fire prevention, including extinguishing and localization forest fires by creating fire-resistant foam barrier strips, as an insulating material in construction and in other industries, for the localization of radiation hazardous areas and emergency spills of AHOV, for fire and explosion prevention during emergency bottling of molten metals such as copper, aluminum, etc.

As the studies of the authors showed, it is advisable to mix the components A and B simultaneously with foaming the mixture of components A and B, for example, in the barrel of the ejector mixer-foam generator shown in FIG. 3 designs.

The resulting quick-hardening foamed silica foam has good adhesion to various fire extinguishing objects, including vertical metal surfaces, and high structural and mechanical resistance to adverse effects of external factors, such as heat flux and wind.

Concentrations and conditions for the mutual dispersion of alkali metal silicate and silica ash formation activator, as well as sodium silicate concentrations, the chemical properties of the foaming surfactant have a significant effect on the process of ash formation and foaming during foaming, and therefore the choice of concentrations and specific components of the foaming surfactant substances and activator of ash formation of silica may vary in specific cases.

As shown by the authors of the study, mixing the components and foaming the mixture with the formation of foamed silica gel is advisable in the range of 1-5 seconds, during which the mechanical strength of the gel is set to form a subhard mass of foamed silica with a viscosity of up to 100 Pa s, which as you know, corresponds to the concept of a solid state of matter.

In addition, within this time range, foams are usually fed to the fire from a distance of 10 m or more.

The growth of monomeric silica chains as a result of polycondensation of silica sol particles leads to an increase in their average hydrodynamic radius and, consequently, to an increase in coagulation contacts between silica sol nanoparticles.

Due to the high homogenization of a mixture of an alkali metal silicate solution with a surfactant and a solution of an activator of ash formation during the simultaneous mixing and foaming in an ejector mixer-foam generator at the stage of formation of a silica sol, an energy barrier is achieved that determines the possibility of chemical interaction of individual monomers of silica sol through equilibrium the thickness of the interlayer of the walls of the foam as a dispersion medium occurs in the entire volume of the foamed mixture of components with a fairly high homogeneity.

This allows a sufficiently high speed to ensure the transition of the mixture of solutions from the state of the silica sol to the silica gel with the formation of rapidly hardening foamed silica gel.

Further polycondensation of the particles of silica sol in the silica gel in the foam results in the release of chemically bound water molecules and the densification of the formed inorganic polymer of foamed silica with the release of water and dehydration.

External factors, for example, the effect of high temperature during a fire, can accelerate the stage of water release and dehydration, and the increase in the thermal stability of the inorganic silica polymer will be proportional to the amount of chemically bound water molecules released, which ultimately helps to increase the fire extinguishing ability of foamed silica.

As a result of the physico-chemical process described in detail, a foamed silica gel is obtained, which, according to the results of the studies conducted by the authors in an undehydrated state, has the following basic properties and characteristics:

contains, by weight. %, 13-65%, mainly 20-50% silica, 1-15%, mainly 6% foaming surfactant, water - the rest;

has a bulk density of 0.1-0.8 g / cm ³ ;

has a volume stability of at least 22 hours with a change in volume of not more than 10%.

In the dehydrated state, foamed silica gel

has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g / cm ^{3 and}

retains at least 95% of the volume when heated to a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 40 minutes;

has a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² / g;

has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20;

has a hardness in terms of viscosity of more than 100 Pa⋅s;

has a white or yellowish white color.

The foamed silica gel in the preferred embodiment of the utility model is prepared by mixing and ejecting foaming a mixture of an aqueous solution of 10-70%, mainly 20-50%, sodium silicate, and 1-15%, mainly 6%, with a synthetic hydrocarbon blowing agent, from 1 to 6% , preferably 20 to 50% aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a mass ratio of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate with a foaming surfactant and an aqueous solution of acetic acid from 15: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 10: 1.

Foamed silica gel is obtained on the basis of an aqueous solution of a silica sol formed during the hydrolysis of a foamed mixture of sodium silicate solution with a foaming agent with a pH from 10.5 to 12.0 and an ash formation activator with a pH from 1 to 5 when using an acid solution or with pH from 3 to 8 when using a salt solution, with a hydrodynamic radius of silica particles of not more than 50 nm during ejection foaming of a solution of silica sol during the growth of silica monomers to an average diameter of silica sol of 100 nm with a set of mechanics strength in terms of dynamic viscosity from 20 mPa⋅s to 100 Pa⋅s in a time range of 1-10 seconds.

The indicated general and predominant technological parameters are determined as a result of the studies carried out by the authors, while upon receipt of the foamed silica sol, the proposed method can also use solutions of alkali and alkaline earth metal silicates, in particular sodium silicate, as the most common alkali metal silicate in industrial production, and can also be used foaming surfactants of various grades, in particular foaming agents for fire fighting I stamps by-6TST, "Firex" NSV Software TF-6 and others, satisfying the conditions of preservation of stability over time, is in a mixture with an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, and without changing its chemical composition;

The soluble alkali metal silicate of lithium, potassium, sodium, commonly called "liquid glass", is a viscous liquid with the general chemical formula R ₂ O⋅mSiO ₂ ⋅nH ₂ O (where R ₂ O is an alkali metal oxide, m is a liquid glass module ) with a density of 1400-1500 kg / m ³ and a dynamic viscosity coefficient of up to 1 Pa⋅s.

Liquid sodium glass mixes with water in any proportions and when contained in a fire extinguishing composition in the indicated amount (10-70%, mainly from 20 to 70%), the solution viscosity changes from 6 mPa⋅s to 40 mPa⋅s with a change in the density of the solution from 1020 kg / m ³ to 1250 kg / m ³ .

In the indicated range of concentration of water glass in the composition of an aqueous solution, the viscosity of the solution increases by 4-500 times in comparison with the viscosity of water (0.001 Pa · s, 20 ° C). Such a change in the viscosity of aqueous solutions used to extinguish fires is practically unattainable when using organic or inorganic thickeners.

In addition, when dissolving liquid glass in water, the density of the solution increases significantly, which contributes to an increase in the kinetic energy of the movement of the jet of fire extinguishing solution or foam in comparison with the energy of the jet of water directed into the combustion chamber at the same speed. The range of the jet of fire extinguishing solution or foam also increases.

When preparing the proposed fire extinguishing agent, it is necessary to use liquid glass with a module m = SiO ₂ / R ₂ O = 2.5-3.2. This range is set based on the economic feasibility of using the most common and affordable liquid glass compositions.

The designated interval of the silicate module allows you to significantly reduce the cost of its production, providing a positive economic effect on the created product. However, it is allowed to use another module with a slight deviation from the set in the range of ± 0.5.

This interval covers almost all types of liquid glasses produced by industry.

The shelf life of a liquid glass solution in sealed metal containers is virtually unlimited and does not cause metal corrosion.

The selection of the concentration of reagents proceeded from the conditions that the set hardness of the foamed substrate from a silica sol during the transition to the gel state was accompanied by a set of viscosity up to 100 Pa · s for a set time interval of 1-10 seconds.

The lower value of the set time interval (1 s) is determined based on the minimum possible time of homogenization of a mixture of solutions with simultaneous foaming.

The upper value of the set time interval (10 seconds) was determined experimentally on the basis of visual observation of the deterioration of the structural and mechanical parameters of the foam at fire extinguishing objects.

With intensive homogenization of a mixture of component B (mainly an aqueous solution of acetic acid) and component A, consisting of an aqueous solution of a surface-active substance (surfactant) and alkali metal silicate, a silica sol can be obtained, which is promising for obtaining a foamed silica gel, however, the key parameters in in this case are the concentrations of silicate and activator of ash formation, the conditions for mixing and foaming of the components, which are determined experimentally by the authors.

The studies took into account such indicators as the stability of the foam material, the structure of the foam material, the multiplicity of the foam material, fire extinguishing properties and heat resistance of the material.

Stability is characterized by a period of time during which the foams did not change their volume (i.e., a decrease in volume of 10%).

The structure of the foamed material was evaluated visually after hardening and drying (after about 3 days at a temperature of 25 ± 5 ° C).

The multiplicity of the foam was determined by the gravimetric method.

Fire extinguishing properties - time of extinguishing the model fire 1A.

Heat resistance - preservation of the structure and properties of the material when heated to a certain temperature, above which partial melting of the surface layer begins and its compaction.

The operation of conventional fire extinguishers is based on one or more of the following three principles of action:

1) water base: sprayed water supply for pouring tongues of flame and cooling the combustion zone to a temperature below the ignition point in order to prevent the spread of flame;

2) dry powder or foam: surrounding the ignition zone with wet foam or dry powder in order to limit the flames, block the combustion of oxygen and, as a result, extinguish the flames;

3) preventing oxygen from entering the ignition zone or displacing oxygen from the ignition zone with the creation of conditions under which combustion cannot continue.

A distinctive feature of the proposed fire extinguisher for fire prevention and solid extinguishing, hereinafter referred to as the “fire extinguisher” or “solid extinguisher fire extinguisher”, is the possibility of producing a foamed silica gel forming a quick-hardening foam of low and medium multiplicity, obtained by mixing ejection mixing and foaming the housings placed in components of a fire extinguishing agent: component A - an aqueous solution of a mixture of alkali metal silicate, mainly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, mainly a synthetic hydrocarbon blowing agent, and component B, an activator of silica ash formation in the form of an aqueous solution of predominantly acetic acid.

The extinguishing agent of the proposed fire extinguisher is a foamed silica gel forming a quick-hardening foam obtained by mixing two liquid components of a fire extinguishing agent - component A and component B and ejective foaming of their mixture with atmospheric air in an ejector mixer-foam generator.

Component A is an aqueous solution of a mixture of an alkali metal silicate, mainly sodium silicate and a foaming surfactant, mainly a synthetic hydrocarbon blowing agent, with a pH from 10.5 to 12.0, in a ratio, wt. %, 10-70%, mainly 20-50% sodium silicate, 1-15%, mainly 6% foaming surfactant, 30-79% - water.

Component B - an aqueous solution of an activator of ash formation of silica from alkali metal silicate is from 20 to 60%, mainly from 30-50% aqueous solution of mainly acetic acid with a pH from 0.5 to 5.

The volume ratio of components A and B is from 15: 1 to 6: 1, mainly 10: 1.

The mixture of components A and B is foamed by atmospheric air in an ejector mixer-foam generator with the formation of quick-hardening silica foam (foamed silica gel) with the occurrence of silica sol formation and polycondensation of silica sol in a foam medium, with a sol-gel transition of silica and gel formation with foamed gel its hardness for 2 seconds to 2 minutes and a change in its volume in the hardened state of not more than 10% within 24 hours.

As a result of the excess moisture from the foamed silica gel, a solid ceramic foam material is obtained based on the foamed silica gel, which, while maintaining the foamed structure, has thermal stability when exposed to a temperature of at least 1000 ° C for up to 60 minutes, which makes it possible to use the obtained foamed silica gel and foam ceramic material based on foamed silica gel as an effective fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing and fire prevention, including by creating fire resistant foamy barriers.

If necessary, the resulting solid foam (solid foam-ceramic material based on foamed silica gel) can be mechanically destroyed to obtain fine silica powder, which, in chemical terms, is an environmentally friendly fine fine ordinary SiO ₂ sand.

Thus, the flame control by means of a foamed silica gel forming a quick-hardening heat-resistant inorganic foam is carried out by means of an effective combination of all factors combining the individual advantages of various types of known fire extinguishers.

Specific technical advantages of the proposed fire extinguisher for fire prevention and solid extinguishing are as follows:

1) free, physically and chemically bound water of foamed silica gel lowers the temperature of the ignition zone, absorbing latent heat and contributing to the extinguishing of the fire;

2) the foamed silica gel forms an excellent heat-resistant and heat-insulating layer, limiting the hot ignition zone, which, despite cooling due to process (1), can radiate heat, spreading it to the adjacent water-cooled zones;

3) solid silica foam forms a coating layer in the form of a protective heat-gas-insulating fire-resistant coating that prevents any ignition of combustible material in this zone that is under this coating layer;

4) a solid silica foam with a nanosized silica particle creates between the combustible material not yet covered by fire and the oxygen of the surrounding atmosphere a barrier to the oxygen necessary for ignition to occur;

5) nanosized particles of silica due to the formation of a volumetric lattice structure not only retain water well, but also ensures adhesion of fine particles of silica to the fire extinguishing object, and quick-hardening foam, unlike water and ordinary liquid air-mechanical water foam, which flows from vertical, inclined and uneven surfaces provides the formation of a solid-foam heat-insulating barrier (see Fig. 6).

The fire extinguisher is supplied with a two-component foam-forming solution charged in a sealed fire extinguisher case (component A) and silica ash activator in an elastic bag located inside the fire extinguisher body (component B).

A fire extinguisher is charged with gas, mainly compressed air, to a working pressure of 1 MPa directly at the fire extinguishing site using a nipple for pneumatic chambers and constant-pressure tires located on the housing cover, for example a nipple of the type UB, LB GOST 8107-75.

Refueling the extinguisher with the components of the foaming two-component solution is carried out at the manufacturer.

It is forbidden for fire extinguisher users to remove and open the package with component B, as well as mix it with component A, in order to avoid accidents and damage to the installation. The manufacturer’s warranty does not apply to these cases.

The main technical characteristics of the proposed fire extinguisher for fire prevention and solid extinguishing are shown in table 1.

A fire extinguisher for fire and solid fire extinguishing works by supplying a foaming two-component solution of a fire extinguisher to the barrel under the action of compressed gas inside the fire extinguisher body.

In the ejector mixer-foam generator 7, the components A and B are mixed and foamed with atmospheric air with the formation of quick-hardening foam, which is sent to the fire extinguishing or fire prevention zone.

Components A and B are located in the fire extinguisher case under pressure of gas, mainly compressed air, component A directly in the fire extinguisher body, and component B in an elastic PVC bag inside the fire extinguisher body.

Structurally, the proposed fire extinguisher contains (Fig. 1, 2, 3) a switchgear 1, a locking trigger 2, the body of the fire extinguisher 3 in the form of a sealed container with component A) with the reservoir 4 of component B located inside, a flexible supply hose for components A and B c in the form of a co-located pipe-in-pipe conduit 5 of component A supply pipe and component B supply pipe 6 connected to an ejector mixer-foam generator 7 that mixes components A and B to form a fire extinguishing agent in the form silica gel, and foaming a mixture of components A and B with ejected atmospheric air to obtain a quick-hardening foam.

The switchgear located on the housing cover is designed for separate supply of components A and B of the extinguishing agent to the pipelines of components A and B for their subsequent mixing and foaming with ejected atmospheric air directly in the ejection mixer-foam generator.

The switchgear contains two valves coupled to the locking-starting mechanism: component A valve and component B valve, through which 0.8 to 1.0 MPa (0.8-1.0 kg / cm ² ) of compressed Components A and B are separately fed through respective pipelines to an ejector mixer-foam generator for subsequent mixing and foaming with ejected atmospheric air.

The valves of components A and B can be made structurally identical and can differ in the length of the stems providing alternate opening / closing of the valves, namely, the initial supply of component A to the barrel at the beginning of the use of the fire extinguisher and the initial termination of the supply of component B to the barrel at the end of the use of the fire extinguisher.

This increases the reliability of the operation of the fire extinguisher, prevents clogging of the barrel with hard foam and provides the ability to repeatedly turn on / off the fire extinguisher until the components A and B are fully developed, which is almost always impossible in chemical fire extinguishers of known designs.

On the lid of the fire extinguisher casing, an injection nipple is placed in the compressed air casing and a nozzle with a pressure gauge is used to control the compressed air pressure inside the casing.

The valve stems perform conjugated with the piston handle locking trigger.

Due to the difference in the length of the rods, the valve stem of component A is first brought into linear motion, which, under the pressure of compressed air in the housing, provides the component A to enter the component A supply pipe, after which the piston of the handle of the locking and starting mechanism starts to press on the valve stem of component B, which allows component B access to component B.

The locking and starting mechanism of the fire extinguisher is a mechanical actuator for actuating the fire extinguisher by providing sequential supply of components A and B to the barrel for their subsequent mixing and foaming in the barrel of the ejector mixer-foaming agent with ejected air with the formation of quick-hardening foam escaping from the barrel at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, as well as the priority termination of the supply of component B to the barrel when the fire extinguisher is turned off.

The locking and starting mechanism of a fire extinguisher can structurally consist of a lever, a handle, and an eye (Fig. 1, 2, 3).

The handle and eye of the trigger mechanism are attached to the fire extinguisher cover with screws.

The lever of the locking and starting mechanism consists of two functional parts: a squeeze part in the form of a handle and a piston part in the form of a rectangular pusher of valve stems of components A and B.

The piston part of the lever is fixed in the eye and tightened with a bolt and nut.

A rectangular hole is made in the upper part of the handle through which the squeeze part is installed. Thus, the trigger lever can rotate relative to the axis of the bolted connection and act on the valve stems of components A and B.

A safety pin is inserted through the holes in the handle and lever, which protects the fire extinguisher from being accidentally triggered by accidentally pressing the lever.

The principle of operation of the locking and starting mechanism of a fire extinguisher is based on the mechanical action of the piston part of the lever on the valve stems of components A and B, respectively.

The impact occurs due to the pressing of the squeeze part of the lever to the handle, as a result of which the passage of components A and B in the corresponding pipelines opens sequentially.

Accordingly, when squeezing the squeeze part of the lever from the handle, the passage of components B and A in the corresponding pipelines is sequentially closed.

The fire extinguisher case 3 made in the form of a sealed vessel is designed to store component A under pressure of compressed air in it, to fix the distributor and locking and starting mechanisms of the fire extinguisher on the case cover, to place a flexible tank with component B inside the case, and also to pump compressed air into it , under excess pressure of which, when the fire extinguisher is functioning, components A and B are supplied from the fire extinguisher body through the corresponding valves of the switchgear on dstvo-mixing foaming components A and B to obtain the fire extinguishing agent in the form of a fast-hardening foam silica.

The body of the fire extinguisher is made in the form of a welded cylindrical vessel, with a bottom in the lower part and a neck in the upper part with a thread for screwing the cap.

To protect against corrosion, the body of the fire extinguisher can be painted inside with an epoxy varnish, resistant to the effects of an alkaline solution of component A, and painted with powder paint on the outside.

The cover, distribution and trigger mechanisms are made of stainless steel.

The fire extinguisher body is designed for an excess internal working pressure of 1 MPa, and is tested with a test pressure of 1.5 MPa.

The capacity of component B is intended for storing a solution of an activator of ash formation of silica solution, which is an acid solution in the form of an acid solution or a salt solution. The tank is located inside the component A fire extinguisher body and interacts externally with the alkaline environment of component A.

The container with component B in the proposed fire extinguisher is an elastic bag made in the form of a tube with a volume of 0.8-1.0 l from a material that is neutral to the effects of acid and alkaline environments, for example, polyvinyl chloride.

The container with component B through the adapter communicates with the valve of component B and then with the pipeline of component B.

A fire extinguisher for fire prevention and extinguishing, then a fire extinguisher, works as follows.

To bring the fire extinguisher into action, it is necessary to quickly pull out the pin, which prevents the lever from being accidentally moved, and press the lever from above, pressing it to the handle. In this case, the piston part of the lever initially presses on the valve stem of component A and opens the passage for component A into the supply pipe of component A.

Overpressure of compressed air inside the case, component A is displaced through a siphon tube into the valve of component A, and then into the switchgear and into the supply pipe of component A, from where it enters the ejector mixer-foam generator.

Due to the difference in the height of the rods in the valves, component A is the first to pass through the switchgear and the pipe of component A is first fed to the ejector mixer-foam generator.

Then, the piston part of the lever begins to act on the valve stem of component B and opens the passage for component B into the supply pipe of component B and into the ejector mixer-foam generator.

The pressure of compressed air in the housing compresses the elastic reservoir of component B and component B begins to flow through the valve of component B into the switchgear, into the pipeline of component B and into the ejector mixer-foam generator.

Mixing of components A and B takes place in an ejector mixer-foam generator.

The mixture of components A and B, passing through the barrel with the holes of the ejector mixer-foam generator due to the ejection of atmospheric air, foams with the formation of an air-foam mixture, which in the form of a continuous stream of quick-hardening foam of foamed silica gel escapes from the barrel and is sent to the fire.

When the functional use of the fire extinguisher is stopped by pressing the lever of the fire extinguisher’s locking and starting mechanism, the supply of component B to the ejector mixer-foam generator is first stopped, and when the lever is completely depressed, the supply of component A to the ejector mixer-foam generator is stopped.

To prevent spontaneous operation of the fire extinguisher, the safety pin 4 must be inserted through the holes in the handle 1 and lever 2 and sealed with a seal.

After full use of components A and B, the fire extinguisher must be recharged by components A and B, which is mainly produced at the manufacturer.

Charging and a fire extinguisher with compressed air to a working pressure inside the housing of 10 kgf / cm ² (1 MPa) is carried out directly at the place of operation through a nipple for pneumatic chambers and constant pressure tires located on the housing cover, for example, UB, LB type according to GOST 8107-75.

The fire extinguisher is installed in a special quick-connect bracket. Installation and carrying of a fire extinguisher is allowed only in an upright position, with the bottom down.

When fighting a fire, a fire extinguisher can serve one person.

To bring a fire extinguisher into action it is necessary:

- remove the fire extinguisher from the standard bracket, tear off the seal and bring it upright to the place of fire;

- come with a fire extinguisher to the fire at the minimum allowable distance from the windward side;

- holding the fire extinguisher by the handle with one hand, pull out the safety pin with the other;

- point the barrel of the fire extinguisher towards the side of the fire and press the trigger handle with the thumb of the holding hand;

- direct the foam stream towards the fire, starting to extinguish from the nearest border of the fire.

The fire extinguisher must be stored away from heating appliances, at a distance of at least 1 meter.

If it is possible for a fire extinguisher to get on electrical equipment that is under voltage, it must be de-energized, since the solution is electrically conductive.

The fire extinguisher must be installed on a special standard bracket, providing ease of removal and fastening in an upright position.

A charged fire extinguisher is transported in an upright position with the bottom down.

Determination of the fire extinguishing efficiency of the proposed fire extinguisher for fire prevention and solid extinguishing was carried out according to the method for extinguishing a model fire 1A in accordance with GOST 51057-2001.

The tests were performed in the open air at a temperature corresponding to the operating temperature range of the fire extinguisher used and a wind speed not exceeding 5 m / s in the absence of precipitation.

According to GOST 51057-2001, the model fire site 1A was a wooden stack in the form of a cube placed on a solid support in such a way that the distance from the base of the stack to the supporting surface was 400 mm.

As a combustible material, 72 softwood bars were used no lower than the third grade according to GOST 8486-86 with a section of 40 mm, a length of 500 mm, and a moisture content of 10-20%.

The stack contained 12 layers of 6 bars in each layer, laid out so that the bars of each subsequent layer were perpendicular to the bars of the underlying layer with the formation of rectangular channels throughout the stack. The free surface area of the model center was 4.7 m ²

Under the stack was a metal tray for flammable liquid with a size of 400 × 400 × 100 mm, into which 5.0 dm ³ was poured to form a continuous, even surface and 1.1 dm ^{3 of} summer type gasoline that meets the requirements of GOST R 51105-97.

A pallet with a flammable liquid was placed under the stack so that the centers of the stack and the pallet coincided.

They set fire to gasoline in the pan and after 8-10 minutes from the moment of the start of burning, when the stack was covered with flames from all sides, they began to extinguish the model fire with various fire extinguishing agents.

During extinguishing, the fire was imparted rotation at a speed of 3-5 rpm, which allowed the extinguishing agent to be supplied to each side of the fire in sequence and without operator intervention, with the exception of the influence of the human factor.

Extinguishing using the proposed fire extinguisher was carried out with the supply of quick-hardening foam from a foamed silica gel with a flow rate of 0.17-0.20 l / s at a pressure of 0.8-1.0 MPa (8-10 kgf / cm ² ) at a distance from the barrel to fire center 4-6 m.

After the visually observed end of the quenching of the model site by various fire extinguishing compositions, the time until re-ignition was recorded.

The model fire site was considered extinguished if within 10 minutes there was no re-ignition followed by steady burning of the stack.

Calculation of the extinguishing efficiency indicator was calculated by the formula:

где:

Where:

s is the area of the extinguished object, m ² ;

Q - total consumption of extinguishing agent for extinguishing an object, l;

t is the extinguishing time of the object, s.

In the table. 2 presents the results of comparative tests of fire extinguishing efficiency under identical conditions for various fire extinguishing agents: sprayed water from a water fire extinguisher; air-mechanical foam based on a solution of various blowing agents from an air-foam fire extinguisher; quick-hardening foam of foamed silica gel from the proposed solid-state fire extinguisher.

Improving the reliability of the operation of the fire extinguisher is ensured by the implementation of the locking-starting mechanism and switchgear with the possibility of priority supply to the mixing and foaming component A and mixing components A and B directly in the foaming medium, namely, they are made with the possibility of sequential feeding of the fire extinguisher to the ejector at the beginning of the functional use mixer-foam generator, first component A and then component B, and upon termination of functional use the fire extinguisher sequential shutdown of the feed into the ejector mixer-foam generator first component B and then component A.

This not only completely prevents the possibility of hardening of the foamed silica gel inside the component supply pipelines and inside the ejector mixer-foam generator, but also provides the possibility of repeatedly turning on / off the fire extinguisher and its multiple normal functional use until the charges of components A and B are completely depleted.

Thus, the use of the proposed fire extinguisher for fire and solid-state fire extinguishing ensures the reliable achievement of a technical result, namely, it significantly increases the reliability of fire extinguishing and the fire extinguishing efficiency with quick-hardening foam of silica gel foam, and also proves that all the essential features of the utility model are in a causal relationship with technical result obtained from the use of a utility model.

Specific materials, design features and manufacturing techniques of a fire extinguisher and / or its individual parts and assemblies are selected in the usual way with respect to specific operating conditions.

The manufacture of prototypes and the above examples of tests in real conditions showed confident achievement of the technical result.

As individual elements and assemblies of the proposed fire extinguisher, various fire extinguishers known in the art of extinguishing, materials and design solutions that are commonly used in the manufacture and use of fire extinguishers can be used.

The analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the utility model are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the goal of the utility model, but also allow you to implement the utility model in an industrial way.

Given the novelty of the essential features, the technical solution of the problem, the inventive step and the materiality of all the general and particular features of the utility model, proven in the section "Prior Art" and "Disclosure of a utility model", proven in the section "Implementation of a utility model" technical feasibility and industrial applicability of useful models, the successful solution of the inventive task and the confident achievement of the required technical result in the implementation and use of the utility model, in According to him, the claimed utility model meets all requirements ohrannosposobnosti the requirements for utility model m.

The analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the utility model are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the goal of the utility model, but also make it possible to implement the utility model in an industrial way.

In addition, the analysis of the set of essential features of a utility model and achieved using a single technical result shows the presence of a single inventive concept, close and inextricable connection between utility models of the group, the implementation of the method by means of the device and the use of the device to implement the method, which allows combining two utility models in one application.

Claims (16)

1. A fire extinguisher for fire and explosion extinguishing, containing a sealed enclosure with the components of the extinguishing agent, means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and means for supplying the components of the extinguishing agent from the enclosure to the means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent with compressed gas pressure inside the enclosure, characterized in that a fire extinguisher is configured to produce a foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent, forming a quick-hardening foam, obtained by mixing and foaming the components of the fire extinguisher placed inside the fire extinguisher body and supplied with a means of mixing the fire extinguisher with compressed gas: component A - an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate mixture, predominantly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, predominantly synthetic hydrocarbon of the former, and component B - activator of ash formation of silica, mainly in the form of an aqueous solution of acetic acid, the means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent is made in the form of an ejector mixer-foam generator with the possibility of mixing components A and B and foaming the mixture of components A and B with atmospheric air ejected into the ejector mixer-foam generator, wherein the fire extinguisher comprises a locking and starting mechanism and a switchgear configured to first use a sequential fire extinguisher to supply component A and then component B to the ejector mixer-foam generator first, and when component fire extinguisher is used to cease supplying component B first to the ejector mixer-foam generator and then component A. 2. Fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for supplying the components of the extinguishing agent from the housing to the ejector mixer-foam generator is made in the form of a component A pipeline and a component B pipeline. 3. Fire extinguisher according to claim 2, characterized in that the pipeline of component B is made located inside the pipeline of component A. 4. A fire extinguisher according to claim 4, characterized in that the casing is made in the form of a cylindrical cylinder with a screw-on cap, on which a locking-starting mechanism and a distribution device are located. 5. A fire extinguisher according to claim 4, characterized in that the locking and starting mechanism comprises an eye, a handle and a lever containing a squeeze part in the form of a handle and a piston part in the form of a rectangular pusher of valve stems of components A and B, which, due to their different lengths, provide priority the supply of component A to the supply pipe of component A and the ejector mixer-foam generator at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher and the subsequent supply of component B to the pipeline of component B and the ejector mixer-foam generator, and the priority flow termination foam generator to the mixer, the component B and the subsequent termination of supply of component A into the mixer-ejector foam generator at the termination of use extinguisher. 6. Fire extinguisher according to claim 5, characterized in that the eye and handle of the locking and starting mechanism are attached to the fire extinguisher cover with screws, the piston part of the lever is fixed in the eye by means of a bolt and nut, and a rectangular hole is made in the upper part of the handle for the squeeze part of the lever. 7. A fire extinguisher according to claim 5, characterized in that the locking and starting mechanism comprises a component A valve and a component B valve provided with rods of various lengths, configured to start the functional use of the fire extinguisher in order to subsequently open first the component A valve and then the component B valve, and upon termination of the functional use of the fire extinguisher sequentially closing first the valve of component B and then the valve of component A. 8. A fire extinguisher according to claim 7, characterized in that the shut-off and trigger mechanism is configured to actuate a fire extinguisher by sequentially opening / closing the valves of components A and B with the possibility of sequential supply of components A and B at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, as well as the primary termination of the supply of component B to the ejector mixer-foam generator and the subsequent termination of component A to the ejector mixer-foaming agent when the functional and using a fire extinguisher. 9. A fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that the container with component B is made in the form of an elastic bag attached to the housing cover made of a material that is neutral to the effects of an acid and alkaline medium, for example, polyvinyl chloride, with the possibility of supplying component B from the container with component B into the piping of component B and an ejector mixer-foam generator under the action of compressed gas pressure inside the housing. 10. Fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a means of protection against accidental operation of the fire extinguisher, made, for example, in the form of a safety check that is removed when preparing the fire extinguisher for use. 11. Fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of obtaining a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness for 1 second to 2 minutes and a change in its volume in the hardened state of not more than 10% within 24 hours. 12. Fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of obtaining a solid ceramic foam material based on a foamed silica gel having thermal stability at a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 60 minutes, which contains, wt. %: 13-65%, mainly 20-50%, silica, 1-15%, mainly 6%, foaming surfactant, water, the rest; has a bulk density of 0.1-0.8 g / cm ³ ; has a bulk stability of at least 22 hours with a volume change of not more than 10%, and in a dehydrated state has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g / cm ³ and retains at least 95% of the bulk when heated to a temperature of 1000 ° C for not less than 40 minutes; has a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² / g; has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20; has a hardness in terms of viscosity of more than 100 Pa⋅s; has a white or yellowish white color.

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