RU2699080C1 - Fire extinguisher with u-shaped gas-generator housing for explosion-fire prevention and hard foam extinguishing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire safety.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fire extinguishing techniques, namely portable fire extinguishers and fire extinguishers for fire and explosion prevention and fire fighting with inorganic fast-hardening foam. In a fire extinguisher for fire and explosion prevention and hard foam extinguishing, comprising sealed housing with components of fire-extinguishing substance placed in it, means for mixing components of fire-extinguishing substance and foaming mixture of components of fire extinguishing agent, means for creating pressure inside housing with possibility of pressure extinguishing by components of fire-extinguishing substance from housing into facility for mixing and foaming mixture of components of fire-extinguishing substance and means of separate supply of components of fire extinguishing substance from housing into facility for mixing components of fire extinguishing substance and foaming mixture of components of fire extinguishing agent, housing of fire extinguisher is U-shaped in form of two mainly vertically oriented balloons, in which lower ends are connected to each other from below by means of taps, and upper ends on top are closed by covers, to one of which there connected are pipelines of means of separate supply of fire-extinguishing substance components to device for mixing and foaming mixture of fire-extinguishing substance components, and to another is device for creation of pressure inside housing in form of gas generator.

EFFECT: improving operating reliability of a fire extinguisher and fire extinguishing efficiency and explosion-fire firearm.

14 cl, 9 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to fire extinguishing equipment, namely, fire extinguishing devices and fire extinguishers for fire prevention and extinguishing a fire with inorganic quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel and can be used in fire and explosion prevention and suppression of fires in the initial stage of their occurrence in enclosed spaces and in open areas when burning of petroleum products, rubber products, products from synthetic materials, alcohols, wood, paints and varnishes and other solid and liquid carbonaceous combustible materials.

State of the art

It is known that water is the most widely used fire extinguisher for extinguishing fires [A.N. Baratov, E.N. Ivanov. Fire fighting at chemical and oil refining enterprises. - M.: Chemistry, 1979, p. 64-72].

To increase the fire extinguishing ability of water, it is usually added additives that increase the viscosity of water (thickeners) or reduce its surface tension (foaming agents) [SU 797707, A62D 1/00, 1981], or add additives of inorganic salts - chlorides, carbonates and bicarbonates of alkali metals, clay and other fine substances that increase the fire extinguishing ability of water.

Known, in particular, is a mineral-water suspension for extinguishing a fire [RU 2098158, A62D 1/00, А62С 3/00, 12/10/1997], which contains, by weight, to increase the adhesive and insulating properties of the mineral-water composition. %: 7-16 water glass, 13-72 clay and 20-80 water. The resulting suspension is used by spraying with various existing methods (using pumps, spills from airplanes or helicopters). The most effective are dispersion methods using explosion energy or pressure accumulators (air, powder, etc.), because allow dispersing the composition to droplets with a diameter of less than 10 microns, significantly increasing the surface of interaction with the flame.

The main disadvantage of such compositions is the multicomponent, the complexity of preparation and the possibility of separation during storage, as well as the allocation of toxic combustion products during the decomposition of organic components of the composition.

Known extinguishing agent for extinguishing oil and oil products [RU 2263525, A62D 1/00, 11/10/2005], which to increase efficiency, low cost and ease of use contains an extinguishing agent applied to granules of refractory porous material with a diameter of 10-50 mm with a working 1-5 mm thick layer. The extinguishing composition contains calcium bicarbonate in an amount of 0.2-0.8 weight. o'clock, liquid glass in an amount of 0.2-0.8 weight. hours and 0.1-0.3 weight. including inhibitory additives.

The known composition [DE 10054686, 06/06/2002], containing more than 50% liquid glass, mainly 90-98% with a liquid glass module in the range of 1-4. The effectiveness of this composition is ensured by the ability of liquid glass to form a heat-resistant insulating film on the combustion surface, which prevents the access of oxygen to the combustion surface.

The main disadvantage of this composition is its high viscosity, in connection with which this extinguishing composition is applied to the combustion surface from aerosol containers using transport gases - nitrogen, carbon dioxide or foaming agents, as well as using other devices.

For more efficient use of liquid glass as a quenching composition, it is necessary to reduce its viscosity by introducing water into the composition. In relation to water, water glass is a thickener, and in relation to water glass, water is a thinner.

A known composition for extinguishing forest fires with a small amount of water [RU 2449825, A62D 1/00, 05/10/2012] containing water and a finely ground mixture of fusible glass at a concentration of 0.0001-10% in the form of a solution or suspension. When melted by fire, the components form a glass film on the surface of a burning object and prevent the access of oxygen.

Known aqueous solution for extinguishing fires [RU 2275951, A62D 1/00, 05/10/2006], which in order to ensure the necessary level of viscosity and achieve a significant reduction in temperature in the combustion zone, high temperature resistance and insulating ability of the composition due to evaporation of free water and thermal foaming liquid glass, contains water in an amount of 50-95 wt. % and as a thickening additive liquid glass with a module of 2.5-3.2 in the amount of 5-50 wt. %

Additionally, this composition may contain a high molecular weight surfactant (surfactant) in the form of a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol-toluene-water with a surface tension of less than 30 mN / m at the rate of 0.001-0.1 kg of surfactant per cubic meter of water in solution.

The presence of surfactants in this composition of the solution improves its dispersion when spraying and fixing on the combustion surface. After quenching with the proposed composition, the surface of combustion objects as a result of thermal foaming or, in their physical essence, boiling as a result of intense heating of the sprayed layer of the solution is covered with a layer of solid inorganic foam 2.5-5.5 cm thick, and this layer, acting as a kind of filter, provides a smaller residual smoke from the combustion surface.

As indicated in the description of RU 2275951, extinguishing a fire with this composition is carried out according to the following mechanism: When a jet of liquid glass approaches the combustion surface, the solution heats up under the influence of high temperature and its viscosity decreases, which contributes to a better spreading of the solution on the combustion surface.

When water evaporates from a solution on the combustion surface, the concentration of water glass increases, its viscosity increases significantly, and when water completely evaporates from the solution on the combustion surface, a liquid glass film with the property of continuity remains.

An increase in the wettability of the combustion surface with a solution and an increase in the degree of dispersion of the jet are achieved by introducing a high molecular weight surfactant with a surface tension of less than 30 менее10 ^-3 N / m, for example, based on polyvinyl alcohol, toluene and water in an amount of 0.001 -0.1 kg / m ^{3 of} water in solution.

A liquid glass film formed after evaporation of free water on the combustion surface at a temperature of 120-200 ° C loses molecular water and acquires a solid state. In the temperature range 200-400 ° C, chemically bound water begins to be removed from the solid liquid glass, under the influence of which the liquid glass crust acquires a pyroplastic state, and the water vapor released, due to a sharp increase in its volume, foams this crust and its volume increases by 10-50 time. The density of the foam layer formed on the combustion surface is 30-50 kg / m ³ and this layer blocks the access of air oxygen to the combustion surface.

The resulting foam layer is not susceptible to burning, as it is an inorganic substance in its composition - anhydrous alkali metal silicate, has a low thermal conductivity coefficient (0.03-0.036 W / m иK) and prevents the quenched surface from heating up to the ignition temperature due to a sharp decrease in intensity exposure to heat flux generated by the emission of flame and convective heat from flue gases.

The disadvantages of RU 2275951 are the practical impossibility of uniformly spraying and the practical impossibility of providing controlled thermal foaming of the liquid glass solution on the surfaces of burning materials that are almost always uneven and changing during the burning process and, accordingly, the impossibility of obtaining a given thickness of a solid foam of a certain structure, as well as the need for high temperature for thermal foaming, namely the need for a temperature of 120-200 ° C for the evaporation of a mole acous- water and tverdoobraznogo acquisition status and the need for a temperature of 200-400 ° C to remove tverdoobraznogo waterglass chemically bound water, under the action of the crust which becomes waterglass pyroplastic state, and the subsequent intensive discharge of water vapor (boiling) for foaming of the crust.

It is known to use sprayed water as a fire extinguishing agent, however, sprayed water has a relatively low fire extinguishing efficiency, and its generating devices require connection to pressurized water pipes.

It is known to use air-mechanical foam of low and medium multiplicity, which has increased fire extinguishing efficiency compared to sprayed water, however, most of the known water-foam generators and fire extinguishers provide liquid air-mechanical foam based on an aqueous solution of a foaming agent and air or gas, which quickly settles and does not hold on vertical and inclined surfaces, which significantly reduces efficiency and increases fire fighting time.

A fire extinguisher is known that contains a container with a fire extinguishing liquid, a system for displacing a liquid from a container, a locking and starting device, a liquid atomizer with a centrifugal flow swirler and an outlet nozzle, and a pipeline connecting the output of the locking and starting device with a liquid atomizer, in which, to increase the efficiency of extinguishing ignition zones, first of all, classes “A” and “B” by generating a high-speed atomized stream of extinguishing liquid with a given spray angle, the output nozzle of the liquid atomizer a profiled channel including a section narrowing in the direction of the fluid flow, wherein the centrifugal swirl is made in the form of a hollow insert with at least one tangentially directed inlet channel formed in the side wall of the insert and an inlet axial channel, the insert cavity being in communication with the inlet of the profiled nozzle [RU 43465 A62C 13/62, A62C 31/02, publ. January 27, 2005].

A fire extinguisher is known that contains a container filled with a liquid fire extinguishing agent, a source of displacing gas, a shut-off and starting device, a liquid spray connected through a pipe to the exit of the locking and starting device, while the liquid spray is configured to generate a directed finely dispersed jet of fire-extinguishing substance, in which, to provide the ability to effectively extinguish fires of Class A and B fires and electrical equipment under high voltage, and long-term storage and ex of extinguishing a fire extinguisher at low temperatures, a mixture of an aqueous salt solution selected from the following substances is used as a liquid extinguishing agent: diammonium phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, and a foaming agent, and the salt content in the extinguishing agent is at least 10 wt. . %, the content of the film-forming foaming agent in the extinguishing agent is at least 5 wt. % In this case, compressed gas was used as the source of displacing gas, filling the gas cavity in the container above the surface of the liquid extinguishing agent, and the liquid atomizer is equipped with a jet-centrifugal liquid flow swirl and an outlet nozzle and is made with a profiled channel including an inlet section of a cylindrical shape and an outlet section in the shape of a conical diffuser, while the inlet of the outlet section is associated with the outlet of the cylindrical section [RU 82562 A62C 13/62, A62C 31/02, publ. 05/10/2009].

Known portable fire extinguisher containing a reservoir with a fire extinguishing agent, a launcher head housing mounted on a reservoir with a fire extinguishing agent, a spring-loaded rod with a conical protrusion located in a longitudinal channel made in the launcher head housing, which has a first radial hole mounted on the launcher head housing for compressed gas with a sealing membrane facing the conical protrusion of the rod, siphon tube, outlet fitting and means for moving the rod, elastic gasket installed on the rod, while the longitudinal channel has two cavities separated from each other by a sealing element mounted on the rod, the first cavity communicates with the outlet of the compressed gas cylinder and through the first radial hole with the cavity of the reservoir with a fire extinguishing substance, the second cavity communicates with a second radial hole with a siphon tube, and with a third radial hole with an outlet fitting, in which, to prevent leakage of the extinguishing agent during storage and transportation, while maintaining the possibility of a short termination of its operation, a cylindrical spring and a washer are installed on the rod in the second cavity, an elastic gasket is located on the lower surface of the washer, a cylindrical spring is located between the washer and the upper wall of the second cavity, and the length of the cylindrical spring in the axial direction is free state exceeds the distance from the washer to the upper wall of the second cavity [RU 8896 A62C 13/00, publ. 01/16/1999].

Known devices for producing hardening foam from a composition of low molecular weight and high molecular weight substances, providing an increase in foam generation productivity, continuous operation without stops for recharging containers with working solutions, which contains a cylindrical body, nozzles for supplying liquid and gas and a gas-liquid flow diffuser located coaxially to the body, while the nozzles for supplying an aqueous solution of a surfactant and a urea-formaldehyde resin are offset relative to the axis the housing and the mixer at a distance of 5-15% of the inner diameter of the pipe [RU 2226123 B01F 3/04, B01F 5/04, publ. 03/27/2004].

The device according to RU 2226123 can be used to create protective foam screens to prevent the evaporation of oil and oil products during emergency spills and in the technology of processing polymers into porous or cellular products for various purposes, but due to the combustibility of the obtained solid foam, it is not applicable in the field of fire fighting.

A fire extinguisher is known, having at least one container with a fire extinguishing means, is configured to withdraw this means if a real or potential fire is identified. The fire extinguishing agent is a stable aqueous suspension of finely dispersed expanded vermiculite (a natural mineral with the chemical formula (Mg, Fe, Al) ₃ (Al, Si) ₄ O ₁₀ (OH) ₂ 4H ₂ O). The method of extinguishing a fire is carried out by supplying this means of extinguishing a fire to a flame, zones adjacent to it, as well as zones of high risk of fire spread. The fire extinguisher used can be made by at least partially filling a container adapted to remove the fire extinguishing agent. The tool has an improved limiting effect and the formation of an insulating barrier due to the formation of a layer on the surface of the barrier with respect to oxygen and heat, can be used to extinguish fire on humans and animals. It is desirable that the amount of vermiculite is 3-40 wt. %, more preferably 10-30 wt. %, and particularly desirable - 15-25 wt. %, for example, about 20 wt. % Preferred is very fine vermiculite with a particle size in the range from nanometers to 1000 microns, and it is desirable that this size does not exceed 300 microns [RU 2635613 A62D 1/00, A62C 3/00, C09K 21/02 Publ. 11/14/2017].

The disadvantage of RU 2635613 is the possibility of using a fire extinguishing agent only in the form of an aqueous finely divided suspension and the inability to form foam on its basis.

Chemical foam extinguishers are known that generate chemical foam resulting from the sharp foaming of an alkaline solution (usually an aqueous solution of soda) by adding acid (usually sulfuric or hydrochloric) to it.

Known fire extinguisher for the formation and supply of chemical foam, containing a housing filled with an alkaline solution, a spray located in the upper part of the housing, a lid and a bottle of acid, closed with a plug with a rod, while the cylinder is equipped with a float in which, for uniform distribution of acid charge in the fire extinguisher body, the float is made in the form of an annular chamber and is mounted concentrically to the cylinder body in its lower part [RU 26191 АСС 13/04, publ. November 20, 2002].

Known chemical foam fire extinguisher containing a vessel with a lid filled with an alkaline solution, a spray located in the upper part of the vessel, an acid cylinder, the bottom of which is made in the form of a membrane, a drive rod and a sampling tube installed in the vessel, one end of which is connected to the spray, and the other is facing the bottom of the vessel, in which, to increase the operational properties and speed of response, the drive rod is equipped with a piston located in the cavity of the container, and a through hole is made in the wall of the container, located th above the piston part [RU 26192 A62S 13/04, publ. November 20, 2002].

A common disadvantage of known chemical foam fire extinguishers is the insufficient fire extinguishing efficiency, usually caused by a small amount of generated chemical foam, determined by the stoichiometric ratio of the reagents, as well as the possibility of only one use during the course of the reaction with the impossibility of its interruption and subsequent repeated resumption.

Known aqueous solution for extinguishing fires [RU 2275951, A62D 1/00, 05/10/2006], which in order to ensure the necessary level of viscosity and achieve a significant reduction in temperature in the combustion zone, high temperature resistance and insulating ability of the composition due to evaporation of free water and thermal foaming liquid glass, contains water in an amount of 50-95 wt. % and as a thickening additive liquid glass with a module of 2.5-3.2 in the amount of 5-50 wt. %

Additionally, this composition may contain a high molecular weight surfactant in the form of a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol - toluene - water with a surface tension of less than 30 mN / m at the rate of 0.001-0.1 kg of surfactant per cubic meter of water in solution.

The presence of surfactants in this composition of the solution improves its dispersion when spraying and fixing on the combustion surface.

After quenching with the proposed composition, the surface of combustion objects as a result of thermal foaming or, in their physical essence, boiling as a result of intense heating of the sprayed layer of the solution is covered with a layer of solid inorganic foam 2.5-5.5 cm thick, and this layer, acting as a kind of filter, provides a smaller residual smoke from the combustion surface.

As indicated in the description of RU 2275951, extinguishing a fire with this composition is carried out according to the following mechanism: When a jet of liquid glass approaches the combustion surface, the solution heats up under the influence of high temperature and its viscosity decreases, which contributes to a better spreading of the solution on the combustion surface. When water evaporates from a solution on the combustion surface, the concentration of water glass increases, its viscosity increases significantly, and when water completely evaporates from the solution on the combustion surface, a liquid glass film with the property of continuity remains.

An increase in the wettability of the combustion surface with a solution and an increase in the degree of dispersion of the jet are achieved by introducing a high molecular weight surfactant with a surface tension of less than 30 менее10 ^-3 N / m, for example, based on polyvinyl alcohol, toluene and water in an amount of 0.001 -0.1 kg / m ^{3 of} water in solution.

A liquid glass film formed after evaporation of free water on the combustion surface at a temperature of 120-200 ° C loses molecular water and acquires a solid state. In the temperature range 200-400 ° C, chemically bound water begins to be removed from the solid liquid glass, under the influence of which the liquid glass crust acquires a pyroplastic state, and the water vapor released, due to a sharp increase in its volume, foams this crust and its volume increases by 10-50 time. The density of the silicate foam layer formed on the combustion surface is 30-50 kg / m ³ and this layer blocks the access of air oxygen to the combustion surface.

A layer of solid silicate foam formed in this way is not susceptible to burning, as it is an inorganic substance in its composition - anhydrous alkali metal silicate, has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity (0.03-0.036 W / m⋅K) and prevents the quenched surface from heating to ignition temperature beyond due to a sharp decrease in the intensity of the heat flux generated by the emission of flame and convective heat of flue gases.

The disadvantages of RU 2275951 are the practical impossibility of uniformly spraying and controlled thermal foaming of a liquid glass solution on practically always uneven and burning surfaces of burning materials and, accordingly, the inability to obtain a given thickness of a “glass” foam of a certain structure, as well as the need for a high temperature for thermal foaming, namely the need for a temperature of 120-200 ° C for the evaporation of molecular water and the acquisition of solid figurative state and the need for a temperature of 200-400 ° C to remove chemically bound water from the solid liquid glass, under the influence of which the liquid glass crust acquires a pyroplastic state, and the subsequent intensive evolution of water vapor (boiling) for foaming this crust and its transformation into solid silicate the foam.

Known porous xerogel SiO ₂ [RU 2530048 С01В 33/16, publ. 10.10.2014 Application PCT EP 2010/067821 20101119, publication PCT WO 2011/061289 20110526] which contains pores that are larger than 50 nm but less than 1000 nm, in particular less than 500 nm, in particular less than 300 nm, in particular - less than 100 nm, has a density of less than 400 kg / m ³ , in particular less than 290 kg / m ³ , in particular less than 200 kg / m ³ , contains a fraction of carbon that is less than 10%, in particular less than 5%, and has a thermal conductivity at 800 ° C less than 0,060 W / m⋅K, at 400 ° C - less than 0,040 W / m⋅K, at 200 ° C - less than 0,030 W / m⋅K, has an elastic modulus of at least 5 MPa, at temperatures up to 560 ° С (in at oxygen containing sphere) has long-term thermal stability, is a monolithic molded product, granulate or powder.

This xerogel SiO ₂ according to RU 2530048 with a characteristic pore size of less than 1 micrometer is obtained by a sol-gel process with subcritical gel drying using temporary pore fillers or solid skeletal supports (for example, consisting of carbon or organic substances), which at the end of the preparation process removed by thermal oxidation. Ancillary organic particles, or macromolecules, or carbon particles contained in an inorganic gel, inhibit the collapse of the inorganic network during the subcritical drying process. Subsequently, these pore fillers or solid skeletal supports are removed to the maximum extent during heat treatment at temperatures above 300 ° C due to oxidation. The result is xerogel SiO ₂ (with a mass fraction of fibers of less than 5 wt.%) With a porosity of more than 80%, with an unbound or only weakly chemically bonded carbon silicate skeleton of less than 10% and a pore size of less than 1 micrometer.

Xerogel SiO ₂ according to EN 2530048 is used as a non-combustible or non-flammable, transparent or translucent or opaque heat-insulating material, as a supporting heat-insulating material, a catalyst support, a filter, an absorber, a non-combustible or non-flammable, transparent, translucent or non-transparent lightweight electronic building material, dielectric parts, as a system for the controlled or rapid release of drugs, as a coating for use I in thermal diffusion processes, as a mold, as a carrier for sensor molecules in sensor technology, for sound insulation, for humidity control, or as a base material for composite materials.

A known composition for creating a foamed aerosol heat-resistant foam based on sodium silicate [EP 0110328], containing two separate solutions, one of which, solution "A", is based on an aqueous solution of sodium silicate (50-97%) and propellant ( 3-50%), and the other - solution "B", which is a hardener.

According to EP 0110328, various chemical additives in the form of ammonium compounds, borates, synthetic rubbers and various organic and inorganic compounds that increase the mechanical properties of foams and dispersions are added to solution “A” (the main solution), but these compounds must be compatible, i.e. . chemical reactions between them are not supposed. In order to increase the multiplicity of the foam, surfactant additives can be added to the “A” solution (to the alkali metal silicates solution).

According to EP 0110328, organic and inorganic compounds having gelling properties, preferably carboxylic acid esters, for example triaacetate glycerol, which, having high viscosity properties, act as thickeners, increasing the rheological properties of the foams formed upon mixing, are used as the “B” (hardener) solution according to EP 0110328.

Both solutions must be pressurized in separate separation vessels, moreover solution “B” (hardener) is under greater pressure than solution “A” (stock solution).

Separating containers according to EP 0110328 are used in order to avoid the curing of the hardener. To prevent precipitation of the hardener, emulsifiers are also introduced into the solutions, and stabilizing components are introduced into the solution “B” (hardener), which form microcapsules from salts of polyvalent cations, preferably Zn, Mg, and Ca.

The formation of gas bubble inclusions (foaming) according to EP 0110328 occurs under the action of the release of liquefied propylene while compensating for the pressure difference with the atmosphere,

It is proposed to use foams produced according to EP 0110328 that are formed on the basis of alkali metal silicates and have stability up to 300 ° as thermal insulating foams, as a heat insulator in the construction industry.

A common disadvantage of the known silicates of alkali and alkaline earth metals, foams and non-ceramic materials based on them is their relatively low thermal stability, insufficient for their use as a fire extinguishing agent in fire and explosion prevention, since it is known that the ignition temperature for most solid materials is 300 ° C, temperature the flame in a burning cigarette is 700-800 ° C, in a match the flame temperature is 750-850 ° C, the ignition temperature of wood is 300 ° C, and the burning temperature of wood is 800-1000 ° C.

Known foamed silica gel, the use of foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent, in the fire and explosion prevention and as an insulating and filling material in construction and in other industries. [RU 2590379 СВВ 33/16, publ. 07/10/2016].

Foamed silica gel according to RU 2590379 was obtained by air-mechanical foaming on known foam generators of a mixture of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate with a foaming surfactant and an aqueous solution of an ash-forming activator of silica from alkali metal silicate in the form of an aqueous solution of acetic acid, hydrochloric acid or ammonium chloride.

The advantage of foamed silica gel according to RU 2590379 is the almost instantaneous reaction of the components after they come in contact and a set of mechanical strength of the foamed gel in terms of dynamic viscosity from 20 mPa⋅s to 100 Pa⋅s in a time range of 2 seconds, but this makes it practically impossible to use almost all known foam generators and devices for the formation of foam of low and medium multiplicity due to the solidification of the foamed silica gel inside the foam generators and devices with the rapid termination of their norms ceiling elements functioning.

A significant drawback of the technology for generating silica gel foamed gel according to RU 2590379 was that it could be obtained on known foam generators by air-mechanical foaming of a mixture of a solution of 10-70%, mainly 20-50%, sodium silicate, and 1-15%, mainly 6% , foaming surfactant, from 1 to 6%, mainly 1 to 3.5% aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a mass ratio of sodium silicate solution with a foaming surfactant and a solution of acetic acid from 100: 1 to 28: 1, p eimuschestvenno 35: 1.

As a result of the use of practically diluted components, the foamed silica gel obtained in accordance with RU 2590379 was obtained with a large amount of water, namely it mainly contained 20-50% silica, 1 that is, more than half of its amount was water. When using more concentrated components, solid foam is formed in the pipeline for supplying the mixture of components to the foam generator and in the foam generator, which made their normal functioning impossible

A common disadvantage of the known water-based fire extinguishing devices and chemical fire extinguishers is that in the known devices a fire extinguishing agent is formed inside the device body and in the supply lines of the fire extinguishing agent to the spraying or foam generating means, which makes them unsuitable for use with quick-hardening silica foams due to the rapid formation of solid foam inside the device casing and in the pipelines for the supply of the mixture of the extinguishing agent to the spraying means, which stops them normally functioning.

Known chemical air-foam fire extinguisher containing a steel body filled with 9 l of an aqueous alkaline solution in the form of a mixture of sodium bicarbonate NaHCO ₃ and licorice extract, and a polyethylene container filled with an acid mixture in the form of sulfuric acid H ₂ SO ₄ and iron sulfide FeSO ₄ , increasing the volume and strength of the resulting foam, while in order to increase the efficiency of fire protection by increasing the speed and reliability of operation, the polyethylene container is rigidly connected to the valve seat fixed at the bottom of the stack on, rigidly connected to the cover of the steel casing, to the upper part of which a handle is attached for operation in the operation mode of the fire extinguisher, and in the upper part of the casing there is an outlet pipe with a foam generator. The glass is installed inside the housing axisymmetrically to him and the polyethylene container, and the valve is connected to a rod placed axisymmetrically in the glass and spring-loaded. At least three openings are made in the lower part of the glass above the valve, which provide for the connection of the alkaline and acid parts of the fire extinguisher, and on the cover of the fire extinguisher’s body there is a locking and starting device [RU 2427401 А62С 13/04, publ. 08/27/2011].

The disadvantage of this fire extinguisher is the possibility of its one-time use and the insufficient efficiency of its functioning.

A chemical foam fire extinguisher is known, containing a container filled with a liquid fire extinguishing substance, a source of displacing gas, a shut-off and start device, a liquid spray connected through a pipe to the outlet of the shut-off and start-up device, while the liquid spray is configured to generate a directed finely dispersed stream of fire extinguishing substance, in which, for the generation of a finely dispersed stream of fire extinguishing liquid, with the help of which effective extinguishing of fires of classes A and B, as well as of electrical equipment under high voltage and maintaining fire extinguishing efficiency during long-term storage and at low temperatures, a mixture of an aqueous salt solution selected from the following series of substances: diammonium phosphate, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, lithium chloride, and a foaming agent is used as a liquid extinguishing agent moreover, the salt content in the extinguishing agent is at least 10 wt. %, the content of the film-forming foaming agent in the extinguishing agent is at least 5 wt. % The result is an increase in the efficiency of the fire extinguisher of a fire extinguisher by expanding technical capabilities, increasing the operating life, ensuring a stable mode of operation with the exception of the need for turning over and self-operation during operation [RU 2278713 A62C 13/04, publ. 06/27/2006].

As a source of displacing gas in RU 2278713, compressed gas is used to fill a gas cavity in a container above the surface of a liquid extinguishing agent, the liquid atomizer is equipped with a jet-centrifugal fluid flow swirl and an outlet nozzle and is made with a profiled channel that includes an inlet section of a cylindrical shape and an outlet section in in the form of a conical diffuser, wherein the inlet of the outlet section is associated with the outlet of the cylindrical section.

When using RU 2278713, a directed finely dispersed jet of extinguishing liquid is generated, which, as shown above, has a lower fire extinguishing efficiency compared to air-mechanical foam.

Known portable fire extinguishers with the possibility of obtaining solid non-combustible inorganic foam and the possibility of solid-state fire extinguishing and fire prevention.

Known previously developed by the authors of the method and device for fire prevention and extinguishing a fire in the form of quick-hardening inorganic foam based on foamed silica gel SiO ₂ . The method of fire prevention and solid-state quenching involves the preparation of foamed silica gel in the form of quick-hardening foam by mixing component A in the form of an aqueous solution of a mixture of alkali metal silicate and a foaming surfactant, mainly a synthetic hydrocarbon blowing agent, in the ratio, mass. %: 10-70, mainly 20-50 sodium silicate, 1-15, mainly 3-6 foaming surfactant, the rest is water, with component B, comprising 20-60%, mainly from 30-50% aqueous acetic acid solution. A device for fire prevention and solid-state fire extinguishing contains containers with the components of the extinguishing agent, pipelines of the components of the extinguishing agent, a means of mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and a means of foaming the mixture of the components of the extinguishing agent. The device comprises containers with extinguishing agent components arranged in them, piping of the extinguishing agent components, means for mixing the extinguishing agent components, means for foaming the mixture of extinguishing agent components, configured to supply component A to the means for mixing the extinguishing agent components from component A container under the influence of compressed air in the container with component A and production of a foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent in the form of quick-hardening ne s obtained by mixing and foaming a mixture of components A and B at the volumetric ratio of the components A and B of 15: 1 to 6: 1, preferably 10: 1. The device is made placed on a hand truck with the possibility of its mobile movement, and the container with component B is made in the form of a satchel with the possibility of carrying it over the shoulders of the operator [RU 2672945 A62C 13/04, A62C 5/02, C01B 33/14, B01F 3 / 08 Publ. 11/21/2018].

The closest in technical essence and the achieved technical result (prototype) is a fire extinguisher for fire prevention and solid extinguishing, contains a sealed case in the form of a tee in the form of two cylinders welded to each other, one of which is oriented along the vertical axis and the other along the horizontal axis and equipped with a handle located in the plane of the axes of the cylinders with the components of the extinguishing agent placed therein, means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and means for supplying ENTOV extinguishing agent from the housing means in mixing pressurized extinguishing agent previously injected pressurized gas within the housing. A fire extinguisher is configured to produce a foamed silica gel as a fire extinguisher, forming a quick-hardening foam, obtained by mixing and foaming the components of the fire extinguisher placed inside the fire extinguisher body and supplied to the mixing tool by the pressure of compressed gas inside the body. The components of a fire extinguishing agent are: component A - an aqueous solution of a mixture of an alkali metal silicate, mainly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, mainly a synthetic hydrocarbon blowing agent, and component B - an activator of silica ash formation, mainly in the form of an aqueous solution of acetic acid. The means of mixing the components of the extinguishing agent is made in the form of an ejector mixer-foam generator with the possibility of mixing components A and B and foaming the mixture of components A and B ejected into the ejector mixer-foam generator by atmospheric air [RU 2668753 A62C 13/04 Publ. 10/02/2018 (prototype)].

The disadvantage of the prototype RU 2668753 is the need for preliminary injection of air into the casing during the preparation of the fire extinguisher for operation, which is often impossible in emergency situations, as well as the inability to maintain the working pressure of compressed air inside the casing for a long time and, accordingly, the prototype fire extinguisher is ready for periodically necessary operation pressure reduction in pressure vessels for a certain time.

Solved problem and technical result

The objective of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known analogues and prototype.

The technical result achieved by using the invention is to increase the reliability of the operation of a fire extinguisher and the effectiveness of fire fighting and fire prevention with inorganic quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem is solved and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that in a fire extinguisher for fire prevention and solid-state fire fighting, containing

sealed enclosure with the components of the extinguishing agent placed in it,

means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of the components of the extinguishing agent,

means for creating pressure inside the housing for pressure displacement of the components of the extinguishing agent from the housing into a means for mixing and foaming the mixture of components of the extinguishing agent

and means for separately supplying extinguishing agent components from the housing to a means for mixing the extinguishing agent components and foaming the mixture of extinguishing agent components, according to the invention

the body of the fire extinguisher is made U-shaped in the form of two predominantly vertically oriented cylinders, in which

lower ends are connected to each other from below by means of taps, and upper ends are closed by covers,

to one of which are attached pipelines of means for separate supply of extinguishing agent components to a means for mixing and foaming a mixture of extinguishing agent components,

and to another there is attached a means of creating pressure inside the case in the form of a gas generator with the possibility of creating inside the case pressure of a displacing gas of 0.8-1 MPa, for example, a solid fuel generator GG-10 (B) -02 [https://po59.ru/619/ ; https://www.tmb-fire.ru/calatog/fire-extinguisher-components/others/generator1/ and others] with a means of protection against accidental operation, made, for example, in the form of a safety check of a gas generator, removed when preparing a fire extinguisher to use.

The cylinders connected to each other from below through the bends are predominantly cylindrical and connected at the top by a bypass pipe with the possibility of equalizing the pressure in the upper parts of the cylinders when the body is filled with components of a fire extinguisher and during the operation of the fire extinguisher.

The means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of the components of the extinguishing agent is made in the form of a locking and starting device and a barrel connected to it, made with the possibility of mixing separately supplied components of the extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of the components of the extinguishing agent with atmospheric air ejected into the barrel.

A fire extinguisher is configured to produce a foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent in the form of quick-hardening foam obtained by mixing and foaming a mixture

component A in the form of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, mainly a synthetic hydrocarbon blowing agent, in the ratio, wt. %: 10-70, mainly 20-50 sodium silicate, 1-15, mainly 3-6 foaming surfactant, the rest is water, and component B in the form of 20-60%, mainly from 30-50% aqueous acetic acid solution

with a volume ratio of components A and B from 15: 1 to 6: 1, mainly 10: 1,

with the possibility of obtaining a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness for 1 second to 2 minutes and a change in its volume in the hardened state of not more than 10% within 24 hours,

and with the possibility of obtaining a solid ceramic foam material based on a foamed silica gel having thermal stability at a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 60 minutes, which

contains, by weight. %, 13-65%, mainly 20-50% silica, 1-15%, mainly 6% foaming surfactant, water, the rest;

has a bulk density of 0.1-0.8 g / cm ³ ;

has a volumetric stability of at least 22 hours with a change in volume of not more than 10%,

and in a dehydrated state

has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g / cm ^{3 and}

retains at least 95% of the volume when heated to a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 40 minutes;

has a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² / g;

has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20;

has a hardness in terms of viscosity more than 100Pa⋅s;

has a white or yellowish white color.

The container with component B is made in the form of an elastic bag located in the housing made of a material that is neutral to the effects of an acid and alkaline environment, for example, polyvinyl chloride, with the possibility of feeding component B from the container with component B to the pipeline of component B and by the action of pressure inside the housing.

The fire extinguisher contains a locking and starting device, made with the possibility of starting component A and then component B at the beginning of the use of a fire extinguisher, and, at the end of the use of the fire extinguisher, sequentially stopping the supply of component B and then component A to the barrel.

The locking and starting device comprises a component A valve and a component B valve equipped with rods of various lengths, which are configured to start, at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, the sequential opening of the component A valve and then the component B valve, and upon termination of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, the component B valve will be subsequently closed first and then valve component A.

The locking and starting device is capable of actuating a fire extinguisher by sequentially opening / closing the valves of components A and B with the possibility of sequential supply of components A and B at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, as well as the priority termination of the supply of component B to the barrel and the subsequent termination of component A into the barrel upon termination of the functional use of the fire extinguisher.

Structurally, the locking-starting device comprises a lever containing a squeeze part in the form of a handle pressed against the handle and a piston part in the form of a rectangular pusher of valve stems of components A and B, which, due to their different lengths, provide the primary supply of component A to the barrel at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher and subsequent supply component B into the barrel, as well as the primary termination of the supply of component B to the barrel and the subsequent cessation of the supply of component A to the barrel upon termination of use of fire the eater.

In this case, the component B supply pipeline from the housing to the mixing and foaming agent mixture is made located inside the component A pipeline

Brief Description of the Drawings

The invention is illustrated by the drawings of the proposed fire extinguisher, in which the position numbers show: 1 - U-shaped casing of the fire extinguisher; 2 - handle of a fire extinguisher; 3 - the axis of the wheels of the fire extinguisher; 4 - fire extinguisher wheels; 5 - neck; 6 - a cover; 7 - a union nut; 8 - neck of the gas generator; 9 - a cover of a gas generator; 10 - gas generator; 11 - gas generator housing; 12 - PVC bag for component B; 13 - siphon tube of component A; 14 - pipeline component A; 15 - pipeline component B; 16 - button gas generator; 17 - the firing pin of the gas generator; 18 - adapter gas generator; 19 - channel fitting component A; 20 - pipe fitting component B; 21 - adapter pipe component A; 22 - locking and starting device; 23 - trunk; 24 - a check of the gas generator; 25 - emphasis for fixing the fire extinguisher in a vertical position.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a fire extinguisher.

In FIG. 2 - model fire center.

In FIG. 3, 4 - model fire center after its treatment with quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel.

In FIG. 5 is a side view of a fire extinguisher, showing: U-shaped body of a fire extinguisher 1; fire extinguisher handle 2; fire extinguisher wheels 4; the pipe 14 of component A with the pipe 15 of component B located inside it, providing separate components A and B to the locking-starting device 22 and the barrel 23; a check of the gas generator 24 and an emphasis 25 for fixing the fire extinguisher in a vertical position.

In FIG. 6 in front view is a cross section of a fire extinguisher, which shows: U-shaped body of the fire extinguisher 1; fire extinguisher handle 2; the axis of the wheels of the fire extinguisher 3; fire extinguisher wheels 4; neck 5; cover 6; union nut 7; the neck of the gas generator 8; gas generator cover 9; gas generator 10; the body of the gas generator 11; PVC bag for component B 12; siphon tube of component A 13; component A 14 pipeline; component piping 15; gas generator button 16; gas generator striker 17; a gas generator adapter 18; pipe fitting of component A 19; pipe fitting for component B 20; the adapter pipe component A 21;

In FIG. 7 is a section of a node A, where: a neck 5 with a cover 6 and a nut 7, a pipe 14 of component A with a pipe 15 of component B located inside it; a fitting 19 of the channel of component A; fitting 20 channel component B; the adapter 21 of the pipeline of component A, providing separate components A and B to the locking-starting device 22 by placing the pipe 15 of component B inside the pipe 14 of component A.

In FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the locking and starting devices 42 and barrel 41, which provide separate feeding of components A and B for mixing and subsequent foaming of the mixture of components A and B with atmospheric air ejected into the barrel to produce quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, where the arrows show the corresponding directions of motion components A and B, air and quick-hardening foam, shut-off valves 45 and 46 of components A and B with rods of various lengths for the initial feeding of component A for mixing and subsequent feeding of the component nta B at the start of the fire extinguisher, and when the fire extinguisher is stopped, the initial shutdown of component B and the subsequent shutdown of component A.

In FIG. 9 shows a cross-section of a locking and starting device 22 along line A-A and shut-off valves 35 and 36 of components A and B with rods of different lengths.

The implementation of the invention

The composition of the proposed fire extinguisher for explosion prevention and solid extinguishing (hereinafter - fire extinguisher) with an optimal volume of components of a fire extinguisher of 30 liters (Fig. 1, 3-9):

A U-shaped casing of the fire extinguisher 1, designed to store component A (an aqueous solution of water glass and a foaming agent) and to place the container of component B inside the casing;

the handle of the fire extinguisher 2, intended for the convenience of the operator moving the fire extinguisher;

the axis of the wheels of the fire extinguisher 3 with the wheels 4, designed to move the fire extinguisher;

neck 5; fire extinguisher cover 6; union nut 7 for attaching the cover of the fire extinguisher 6 to the neck 5;

the neck of the gas generator 8 and the cover of the gas generator 9;

gas generator (GG-10 (B) -02) 10, designed to create inside the fire extinguisher casing the working pressure of the displacing gas resulting from the combustion of the gas generating substance of the solid fuel cartridge of the gas generator;

a PVC bag 12 for storing the curing component B;

siphon tube 13, designed to supply component pressure A displaced by pressure from the fire extinguisher housing 1 into component A pipe 14, designed to supply component A to the fire extinguisher shut-off and start device;

Component B 15 piping, designed to supply Component B to the fire extinguisher’s locking and starting device and located inside Component A piping;

the button of the gas generator 16, designed to actuate the gas generator by acting on the firing pin of the gas generator 17, intended upon impact to ignite the capsule of the gas generator;

a gas generator adapter 18 for holding the gas generator in the cover of the gas generator 9;

the fitting of the channel component A 19, designed for mounting the pipe component A 14 to the cover of the fire extinguisher 6 through the adapter 21;

the pipe fitting of component B 20, intended for mounting the pipe of component B 15 to the cover of the fire extinguisher 6 by means of an adapter;

locking and starting device 22 connected to the barrel 23, providing mixing of components A and B, foaming the mixture of components A and B with ejected atmospheric air to produce a jet of quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel;

the check of the gas generator 24, which ensures the prevention of careless pressing or hitting the button with the mechanism of the starting device of the gas generator and fixing in a stationary position the starting mechanism of the gas generator in the transport and non-working state of the fire extinguisher.

emphasis 25, designed to give the fire extinguisher a stable position.

The fire extinguisher body (reservoir of component A) is made in the form of a welded U-shaped vessel formed by two predominantly vertically oriented cylindrical cylinders connected from below by welding bends with two necks in the upper part.

On both mouths of the housing there is a thread for screwing on the covers, one of which is screwed into the pipe fittings of the components of the extinguishing agent, and the other is the trigger mechanism of the gas generator (Fig. 1,6)

The cylindrical cylinders of the U-shaped casing connected from below by taps are connected at the top by a gas transfer pipe designed to redistribute the gas pressure between the parts of the casing in equal proportions. Fire extinguisher handle 2 is welded to the pipe.

In the lower part of the casing, axles 3 are welded to which the wheels of the fire extinguisher 4 are attached. The axes of the fire extinguisher 25 are also welded to the axes.

Case 1 is made of stainless steel AISI 304, resistant to the action of a foaming solution, the outside is painted with powder paint. Covers 5 and 6 and fire extinguisher mechanisms are made of stainless steel.

The U-shaped body of the fire extinguisher 1 is designed for a working internal pressure of 1 MPa, and is tested with a test pressure of 1.5 MPa.

The capacity of component B 12 is designed to store component B - the hardener of the foaming solution, which is an aqueous solution of acetic acid "LHC": water - 50%, acetic acid "LHC" - 50%. The capacity of component B 12 is located inside the housing with component A and interacts externally with the alkaline environment of component A.

The capacity of component B 12 is an elastic bag made in the form of a cylinder with an optimal volume of 3.6 liters of polyvinyl chloride material (PVC), neutral to the effects of acid and alkaline environments.

A valve is installed in the container of component B 12 with an internal thread into which the adapter is screwed onto the channel of component B.

The locking and starting device 22 is a device connected to the pipelines of components A and B, which includes two shut-off valves with stems 35 and 36. Component A, which is located in the body of the fire extinguisher, is fed into the barrel through a valve with a stem 35 and through a valve with a stem 36 - component B, located in the elastic tank 12.

The valves of components A and B can be structurally identical and differ only in the length of the rods. The valve stem 35 is 2.5 mm longer than the valve stem 36 (Fig. 9), which ensures the first opening of the valve 35 and the first supply to the barrel of component A when starting the fire extinguisher and the first opening of the valve 35 and the first stop feeding the component B to the barrel at the end of the fire extinguisher

The piston of the lever 34 of the locking and starting device, which is mounted to the handle 33 of the locking and starting device by means of a bolt and nut through the eye, can press on the valve stems.

Due to the difference in the length of the rods at the beginning of the use of the fire extinguisher, the valve stem of component A is first put into translational motion and opens the channel of component A, which, under pressure, starts to flow from the housing 1 into the barrel 23.

After the valve stem 35 of component A is displaced by 2.5 mm, the piston 34 of the locking and starting mechanism begins to press on the valve stem 36 of component B, opening the piping of component B, which begins to flow under pressure from the container of component B 12 in the housing through the fitting and the locking trigger and barrel 23.

Thus, components A and B enter the mixing chamber of the barrel 23 separately and in a certain sequence, mix in the barrel and at the outlet of the mixing chamber the mixture of components A and B is saturated with the flow of air ejected into the barrel and foams.

At the exit from the barrel 23, a stream of low and medium-speed quick-hardening foam of foamed silica gel is formed, consisting of a mixture of components A, B and air, which, upon reaching the source of ignition, forms a fire-extinguishing and explosion-proof quick-hardening foam (Fig. 8).

The mechanism of the starting device of the gas generator is actuated by hitting the button of the gas generator 16. The firing pin of the gas generator 17, screwed into the cover of the gas generator 9, hits the capsule of the gas generator and drives it. To achieve operating pressure in the fire extinguisher housing 1 requires at least 5 seconds.

As a result of the combustion of the gas generating substance, gas is released from the combustion products of the solid fuel cartridge of the gas generator and the pressure inside the housing 1 rises to 0.8-1.0 MPa.

Under the influence of pressure generated by the gas generator in the housing, component A is displaced through the siphon tube 13 into the pipeline of component A 14.

The pressure generated by the gas generator in the case also acts on the PVC package 12, from where component B is forced into the pipeline of component B 15 located inside the pipeline of component A.

The flows of components A and B do not mix inside the pipelines, providing a separate supply of components A and B to the locking and starting device.

When the locking and starting device is opened, components A and B are ejected into the barrel 23, where they are mixed.

The resulting binary mixture of components A and B, passing through the barrel with holes, foams due to air ejection and forms an air-foam mixture, which in the form of a continuous stream of quick-hardening foam escapes from the barrel and is sent to the fire source. The fire extinguisher works as follows.

To bring the fire extinguisher into working condition, it is necessary to quickly pull out the pin 24 from the starting device of the gas generator, and hit the button of the gas generator, which actuates the firing pin of the gas generator cartridge.

The firing pin strikes the capsule and activates the gas generator, the solid fuel material of the gas generator ignites and burns, emitting gaseous products of combustion that create excess pressure inside the sealed housing, which forces components A and B to be displaced from the case into pipelines of components A and B, to the locking and starting device and in the trunk.

At least 5 seconds are usually required to achieve operating pressure in the fire extinguisher body as a result of the combustion of the solid fuel material of the gas generator.

To actuate the fire extinguisher and begin to use it, it is necessary to direct the barrel 23 towards the fire and press the lever 34 of the locking and starting device, pressing it to the handle 33.

The piston portion of the lever 34 initially presses on the valve stem 35 of component A and opens the feed channel of component A.

The gas pressure of the combustion products of the solid propellant material of the gas generator inside the housing of component A is displaced through the siphon tube 12 into the pipe of component A 14, and then into the shut-off switch 22 and into the barrel 23.

Due to the difference in the height of the valve rods 35 and 36, component A first passes through the shut-off switchgear and first enters the barrel 23.

Then, the piston portion of the lever 34 begins to act on the valve stem 36 of component B and opens the piping of component B.

The gas pressure of the combustion products of the solid fuel material of the gas generator inside the housing compresses the elastic container with component B 12 and component B begins to flow into the pipeline of component B 15, then into the shut-off and distribution device and into the barrel 23.

The mixing of components A and B takes place in the barrel. The resulting mixture of components A and B passing through the barrel 23 with holes in the side walls due to ejection into the air barrel foams and is sprayed with the formation of an air-foam mixture, which in the form of a continuous stream flies out of the barrel 23 as a stream of quick-hardening foam of the foamed silica gel is fed into center of fire.

To stop using the fire extinguisher, the lever 34 is squeezed from the handle 33, and at the same time, the supply of component B to the locking-starting device and the barrel 23 is first stopped, and the supply of component A is stopped when the lever 34 is fully pressed.

Thus, it is possible to repeatedly turn on / off a fire extinguisher and its repeated periodic use until the full production of volumes of components A and B.

After full use of the volumes of components A and B, the fire extinguisher must be recharged with a foaming solution in the body (component A) and a hardener of foam in an elastic container PVC 12 (component B), which can only be done at the manufacturer's site.

After using the components of the extinguishing agent and the disappearance of excess pressure inside the body of the extinguisher, the gas generating device is replaced, which is screwed into the corresponding adapter.

Installation and carrying of a fire extinguisher is allowed only in an upright position, with the bottom down and the covers up.

When fighting a fire, a fire extinguisher can serve one or two people. To bring the fire extinguisher into action it is necessary: - holding the handle of the fire extinguisher, roll it to the place of fire at a distance of 5-6 meters from the source on the windward side, do not tilt the fire extinguisher body more than 45 °;

- unwind the fire extinguisher hose by holding the handle of the fire extinguisher’s locking and starting device without pressing the lever;

- pull out the pin of the starting device of the gas generator and hit the button of the gas generator;

- after 5 seconds, start extinguishing the fire, for which aim the barrel of the fire extinguisher in the direction of the fire and press the lever of the trigger-locking device with your thumb;

- direct the foam stream towards the fire starting from the nearest border of the fire;

For maintenance of a fire extinguisher, personnel who have studied the fire extinguisher device and the rules for its operation, as well as the rules for handling gas generating devices, may be allowed.

After use, a fire extinguisher can only be disassembled after completely bleeding off the pressure extinguisher body.

It is strictly forbidden to tighten threaded connections in the presence of air pressure in the fire extinguisher body.

The fire extinguisher must be stored away from heating appliances, at a distance of at least 1 meter.

A fire extinguisher with a life of more than 5 years is prohibited.

In the event that an OTV gets on electrical equipment that is under voltage, it must be de-energized, since the solution is electrically conductive.

A charged fire extinguisher must be transported in an upright position with the bottom down.

When handling gas generators, it is forbidden to hit them, throw them, disassemble them, or heat them to temperatures above 60 ° C.

It is forbidden to use gas generators for installation in a fire extinguisher that have defects that violate the integrity of the housing.

Only gas generators that are designed for it can be installed in a fire extinguisher.

Assembling a gas generator with a starter should only be carried out if a safety pin is installed.

A fire extinguisher is operational in the range of positive ambient temperatures of 5 ÷ 50 ° C and relative humidity of air up to 100%, in temperate and tropical climates.

The chemical process for producing foamed silica gel and ceramic foam based on dehydrated foamed silica includes the step of forming a silica sol and the foaming step of a silica sol to form a foamed silica gel and releasing water, as well as the stage of dewatering the foamed silica gel to obtain a solid foam-based silica foam material.

The formation of a silica sol occurs as a result of mixing and mutual homogenization of a mixture of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate, mainly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, mainly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, (component A), and a silica ash activating agent (component B).

The transition of alkali metal silicate, further preferably sodium silicate, to silica is due to the chemical reaction of hydrolysis of sodium silicate in an aqueous medium in the presence of an ash activating agent with the formation of silicic acid

and subsequent condensation of silicic acid, contributing to the nucleation of the dispersed phase of the silica sol and the release of water

The effect of the ash activating activator on the polymerization of the formed silica monomers and the limitation of this stage of the process from further gelation is determined by the size of the hydrodynamic particle radius in the range up to 50 nm, since it is known that an increase in the concentration and size of the dispersed phase leads to the appearance of coagulation contacts between particles and the beginning of structuring

As the authors showed, as an activator of ash formation of silica from alkali metal silicate (component B), it is advisable to use acidic solutions with pH from 0.5 to 5, for example, an aqueous solution from 20 to 60%, mainly from 30-50% aqueous acetic acid solution

The volume ratio of components A and B is from 15: 1 to 6: 1, mainly 10: 1.

Components A and B are mixed and foamed in the ejector foam mixer shown in FIG. 3 designs with the formation of quick-hardening silica foam with a multiplicity of 2-60 with the occurrence of silica sol formation and polycondensation of a silica sol with a sol-gel transition of silica in a foam medium to obtain a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness using the above components in the specified ratio over 1 second to 1.5 minutes and a change in its volume of not more than 10% within 24 hours.

As a result of the natural or forced release of moisture from the foamed silica gel, a solid ceramic foam material is obtained based on the foamed silica gel, which, while maintaining the foamed structure, has thermal stability when exposed to a temperature of at least 1000 ° C for up to 60 minutes, which makes it possible to use the resulting foamed silica gel and ceramic foam material based on foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent for explosion and fire prevention, including extinguishing and localization forest fires by creating fire-resistant foam barrier strips, as an insulating material in construction and in other industries, for localizing radiation hazardous areas and emergency spills of AHOV, for fire and explosion prevention during emergency bottling of molten metals such as copper, aluminum, etc.

As the studies of the authors showed, it is advisable to mix the components A and B simultaneously with foaming the mixture of components A and B, for example, in the barrel of the ejector mixer-foam generator shown in FIG. 3 designs.

The resulting quick-hardening foamed silica foam has good adhesion to various fire extinguishing objects, including vertical metal surfaces, and high structural and mechanical resistance to adverse effects of external factors, such as heat flux and wind.

Concentrations and conditions for the mutual dispersion of alkali metal silicate and silica ash formation activator, as well as sodium silicate concentrations, the chemical properties of the foaming surfactant have a significant effect on the process of ash formation and foaming during foaming, and therefore the choice of concentrations and specific components of the foaming surfactant substances and activator of ash formation of silica may vary in specific cases.

As shown by the authors of the study, mixing the components and foaming the mixture with the formation of foamed silica gel is advisable in the time range from 1-5 seconds, during which the mechanical strength of the gel is set to form a subhard mass of foamed silica with a viscosity of up to 100 Pa · s, which, as It is known that it corresponds to the concept of a solid state of matter.

In addition, within this time range, foams are usually fed to the fire from a distance of 10 m or more.

The growth of monomeric silica chains as a result of polycondensation of silica sol particles leads to an increase in their average hydrodynamic radius and, consequently, to an increase in coagulation contacts between silica sol nanoparticles.

Due to the high homogenization of a mixture of an alkali metal silicate solution with a surfactant and a solution of an activator of ash formation during the simultaneous mixing and foaming in an ejector mixer-foam generator at the stage of formation of a silica sol, an energy barrier is achieved that determines the possibility of chemical interaction of individual monomers of silica sol through equilibrium the thickness of the interlayer of the walls of the foam as a dispersion medium occurs in the entire volume of the foamed mixture of components with a fairly high homogeneity.

This allows a sufficiently high speed to ensure the transition of the mixture of solutions from the state of the silica sol to the silica gel with the formation of rapidly hardening foamed silica gel.

Further polycondensation of the particles of silica sol in the silica gel in the foam results in the release of chemically bound water molecules and the densification of the formed inorganic polymer of foamed silica with the release of water and dehydration.

External factors, for example, the effect of high temperature during a fire, can accelerate the stage of water release and dehydration, and the increase in the thermal stability of the inorganic silica polymer will be proportional to the amount of chemically bound water molecules released, which ultimately helps to increase the fire extinguishing ability of foamed silica.

As a result of the physico-chemical process described in detail, a foamed silica gel is obtained, which, according to the results of the studies conducted by the authors in an undehydrated state, has the following basic properties and characteristics:

contains, by weight. %, 13-65%, mainly 20-50% silica, 1-15%, mainly 6% foaming surfactant, water, the rest;

has a bulk density of 0.1-0.8 g / cm ³ ;

has a volume stability of at least 22 hours with a change in volume of not more than 10%.

In the dehydrated state, the foamed silica gel has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g / cm ^{3 and}

retains at least 95% of the volume when heated to a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 40 minutes;

has a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² / g;

has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20;

has a hardness in terms of viscosity more than 100Pa⋅s;

has a white or yellowish white color.

A foamed silica gel in an advantageous embodiment of the invention is obtained by mixing and ejecting foaming a mixture of an aqueous solution of 10-70%, mainly 20-50%, sodium silicate, and 1-15%, mainly 6%, with a synthetic hydrocarbon blowing agent, from 1 to 6%, predominantly 20 to 50% aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a mass ratio of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate with a foaming surfactant and an aqueous solution of acetic acid from 15: 1 to 5: 1, preferably 10: 1.

Foamed silica gel is obtained on the basis of an aqueous solution of a silica sol formed during the hydrolysis of a foamed mixture of sodium silicate solution with a foaming agent with a pH from 10.5 to 12.0 and an ash formation activator with a pH from 1 to 5 when using an acid solution or with pH from 3 to 8 when using a salt solution, with a hydrodynamic radius of silica particles of not more than 50 nm during ejection foaming of a solution of silica sol during the growth of silica monomers to an average diameter of silica sol of 100 nm with a set of mechanics strength in terms of dynamic viscosity from 20 mPa⋅s to 100 Pa⋅s in a time range of 1-10 seconds.

The indicated general and predominant technological parameters were determined as a result of the studies carried out by the authors, while in the preparation of a foamed silica sol, solutions of alkali and alkaline earth metal silicates can be used, in particular sodium silicate, as the most common alkali metal silicate in industrial production, and can also be used foaming surfactants of various grades, in particular foaming agents for fire extinguishing brands PO-6TsT, "Firex", NSV, PO-6 TF and others, satisfying the conditions of maintaining stability over time, being mixed with an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and without changing its chemical composition;

The soluble alkali metal silicate of lithium, potassium, sodium, commonly called "liquid glass", is a viscous liquid with the general chemical formula R ₂ О⋅mSiO ₂ ⋅nH ₂ O (where R ₂ О is an alkali metal oxide, m is the liquid glass module ) with a density of 1400-1500 kg / m ³ and a dynamic viscosity coefficient of up to 1 Pa⋅s.

Liquid sodium glass mixes with water in any proportions and when contained in a fire extinguishing composition in the indicated amount (10-70%, mainly from 20 to 70%), the solution viscosity changes from 6 mPa⋅s to 40 mPa⋅s with a change in the density of the solution from 1020 kg / m ³ to 1250 kg / m ³ .

In the indicated range of concentration of water glass in the composition of an aqueous solution, the viscosity of the solution increases by 4-500 times in comparison with the viscosity of water (0.001 Pa · s, 20 ° C). Such a change in the viscosity of aqueous solutions used to extinguish fires is practically unattainable when using organic or inorganic thickeners.

In addition, when dissolving liquid glass in water, the density of the solution increases significantly, which contributes to an increase in the kinetic energy of the movement of the jet of fire extinguishing solution or foam in comparison with the energy of the jet of water directed into the combustion chamber at the same speed. The range of the jet of fire extinguishing solution or foam also increases.

When preparing the proposed fire extinguishing agent, it is necessary to use liquid glass with a module m = SiO ₂ / R ₂ O = 2.5-3.2. This range is set based on the economic feasibility of using the most common and affordable liquid glass compositions.

The designated interval of the silicate module allows you to significantly reduce the cost of its production, providing a positive economic effect on the created product. However, it is allowed to use another module with a slight deviation from the set in the range of ± 0.5.

This interval covers almost all types of liquid glasses produced by industry.

The shelf life of a liquid glass solution in sealed metal containers is virtually unlimited and does not cause metal corrosion.

The selection of the concentration of reagents proceeded from the conditions that the set hardness of the foamed substrate from a silica sol during the transition to the gel state was accompanied by a set of viscosity up to 100 Pa · s for a set time interval of 1-10 seconds.

The lower value of the set time interval (1 s) is determined based on the minimum possible time of homogenization of a mixture of solutions with simultaneous foaming.

The upper value of the set time interval (10 seconds) was determined experimentally on the basis of visual observation of the deterioration of the structural and mechanical parameters of the foam at fire extinguishing objects.

With intensive homogenization of a mixture of component B (mainly an aqueous solution of acetic acid) and component A, consisting of an aqueous solution of a surface-active substance (surfactant) and alkali metal silicate, a silica sol can be obtained, which is promising for obtaining a foamed silica gel, however, the key parameters in in this case are the concentrations of silicate and activator of ash formation, the conditions for mixing and foaming of the components, which are determined experimentally by the authors.

The studies took into account such indicators as the stability of the foam material, the structure of the foam material, the multiplicity of the foam material, fire extinguishing properties and heat resistance of the material.

Stability is characterized by a period of time during which the foams did not change their volume (i.e., a decrease in volume of 10%).

The structure of the foamed material was evaluated visually after hardening and drying (after about 3 days at a temperature of 25 ± 5 ° C).

The multiplicity of the foam was determined by the gravimetric method.

Fire extinguishers. properties - time of extinguishing the model fire 1A.

Heat resistance - preservation of the structure and properties of the material when heated to a certain temperature, above which partial melting of the surface layer begins and its compaction.

The operation of conventional fire extinguishers is based on one or more of the following three principles of action:

1) water base: sprayed water supply for pouring tongues of flame and cooling the combustion zone to a temperature below the ignition point in order to prevent the spread of flame;

2) dry powder or foam: surrounding the ignition zone with wet foam or dry powder in order to limit the flames, block the combustion of oxygen and, as a result, extinguish the flames;

3) preventing oxygen from entering the ignition zone or displacing oxygen from the ignition zone with the creation of conditions under which combustion cannot continue.

A distinctive feature of the proposed fire extinguisher for fire prevention and solid extinguishing, hereinafter referred to as the “fire extinguisher” or “solid extinguisher fire extinguisher”, is the possibility of producing a foamed silica gel forming a quick-hardening foam of low and medium multiplicity, obtained by mixing ejection mixing and foaming the housings placed in components of a fire extinguishing agent: component A - an aqueous solution of a mixture of alkali metal silicate, mainly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, mainly a synthetic hydrocarbon blowing agent, and component B, an activator of silica ash formation in the form of an aqueous solution of predominantly acetic acid.

The fire extinguisher of the proposed fire extinguisher is a foamed silica gel forming a quick-hardening foam obtained by mixing two liquid components of a fire extinguisher - component A and component B and ejective foaming of their mixture with atmospheric air.

Component A is an aqueous solution of a mixture of an alkali metal silicate, mainly sodium silicate and a foaming surfactant, mainly a synthetic hydrocarbon blowing agent, with a pH from 10.5 to 12.0, in a ratio, wt. %, 10-70%, mainly 20-50% sodium silicate, 1-15%, mainly 6% foaming surfactant, 30-79% - water.

Component B - an aqueous solution of an activator of ash formation of silica from alkali metal silicate is from 20 to 60%, mainly from 30-50% aqueous solution of mainly acetic acid with a pH from 0.5 to 5.

The volume ratio of components A and B is from 15: 1 to 6: 1, mainly 10: 1.

The mixture of components A and B is foamed by atmospheric air in an ejector mixer-foam generator with the formation of quick-hardening silica foam (foamed silica gel) with the occurrence of silica sol formation and polycondensation of silica sol in a foam medium, with a sol-gel transition of silica and gel formation with foamed gel its hardness for 2 seconds to 2 minutes and a change in its volume in the hardened state of not more than 10% within 24 hours.

As a result of the excess moisture from the foamed silica gel, a solid ceramic foam material is obtained based on the foamed silica gel, which, while maintaining the foamed structure, has thermal stability when exposed to a temperature of at least 1000 ° C for up to 60 minutes, which makes it possible to use the obtained foamed silica gel and foam ceramic material based on foamed silica gel as an effective fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing and fire prevention, including by creating fire resistant foamy barriers.

If necessary, the resulting solid foam (solid foam-ceramic material based on foamed silica gel) can be mechanically destroyed to obtain fine silica powder, which, in chemical terms, is an environmentally friendly fine fine ordinary SiO ₂ sand.

Thus, the flame control by means of a foamed silica gel forming a quick-hardening heat-resistant inorganic foam is carried out by means of an effective combination of all factors combining the individual advantages of various types of known fire extinguishers.

Specific technical advantages of the proposed fire extinguisher for fire prevention and solid extinguishing are as follows:

1) free, physically and chemically bound water of foamed silica gel lowers the temperature of the ignition zone, absorbing latent heat and contributing to the extinguishing of the fire;

2) the foamed silica gel forms an excellent heat-resistant and heat-insulating layer, limiting the hot ignition zone, which, despite cooling due to process (1), can radiate heat, spreading it to the adjacent water-cooled zones;

3) solid silica foam forms a coating layer in the form of a protective heat-gas-insulating fire-resistant coating that prevents any ignition of combustible material in this zone that is under this coating layer;

4) a solid silica foam with a nanosized silica particle creates between the combustible material not yet covered by fire and the oxygen of the surrounding atmosphere a barrier to the oxygen necessary for ignition to occur;

5) nanosized particles of silica due to the formation of a volumetric lattice structure not only retain water well, but also ensures adhesion of fine particles of silica to the fire extinguishing object, and quick-hardening foam, unlike water and ordinary liquid air-mechanical water foam, which flows from vertical, inclined and uneven surfaces provides the formation of solid foam heat-insulating barrier.

The fire extinguisher is supplied with a two-component foam-forming solution charged in a sealed fire extinguisher case (component A) and silica ash activator in an elastic bag located inside the fire extinguisher body (component B).

Refueling the extinguisher with the components of the foaming two-component solution is carried out at the manufacturer.

It is forbidden for fire extinguisher users to remove and open the package with component B, as well as mix it with component A, in order to avoid accidents and damage to the installation. The manufacturer’s warranty does not apply to these cases.

The gas-generating solid-state fire extinguisher is designed to extinguish fires in the initial stage of their occurrence in closed rooms and in open areas when burning petroleum products, rubber products, products from synthetic materials, alcohols, wood, paints and other solid and liquid carbon-containing materials.

A gas generator GG-10 (B) -02 capable of creating a pressure of 0.8-1 MPa or another gas generator, similar in functionality, can be used as a gas source to create operating pressure inside the housing.

The main technical characteristics of the proposed fire extinguisher for explosion prevention and solid extinguishing are shown in table 1.

The main technical characteristics of the gas generator GG-10 (B) -02 are shown in table 2.

The proposed fire extinguisher is characterized by the original layout of the body of the fire extinguisher in a U-shape.

The fire extinguisher is arranged on two wheels with an emphasis for a stable vertical position, allowing the fire extinguisher to be conveniently and ergonomically transported and vertically oriented during its storage and use.

The original U-shaped arrangement of the fire extinguisher body allows, in comparison with the prototype, to increase the total internal volume of the fire extinguisher (from 10 to 30 l) with almost the same overall height of the fire extinguisher.

The U-shape of the case allows you to perform the container for component B in the form of a flat package and place it inside the case. The container for component B can also be made in the form of a vertically oriented package.

The U-shape of the case also allows you to place a gas generator at a safe distance from the siphon tube of component A and the container for component B, thereby ensuring the safety of the component A siphon tube and the container for component B made of polymer material and the impossibility of their damage as a result of high-temperature combustion of solid fuel material the cartridge of the gas generator, providing the creation of working pressure inside the body of the fire extinguisher.

The fire extinguisher’s locking and distribution device is designed for separate supply of components A and B of the fire extinguisher to the barrel and for their subsequent mixing and foaming with the air ejected into the barrel directly in the barrel.

The piping valves of components A and B in the shut-off switchgear can be made structurally identical and can differ only in the length of the rods, providing alternate opening / closing of the valves, namely the initial supply of component A to the barrel at the beginning of the use of the fire extinguisher and the initial termination of component B at the end of using a fire extinguisher.

This increases the reliability of the operation of the fire extinguisher, prevents clogging of the barrel with hard foam and provides the ability to repeatedly turn on / off the fire extinguisher until the full development of the components of the fire extinguisher, which is almost always impossible in chemical fire extinguishers of known designs.

The valve stems perform conjugated with the piston handle locking trigger.

Due to the difference in the length of the rods, the valve stem of component A is first brought into translational motion, which, by pressure in the housing, allows component A to enter the component A. B to component B.

The locking and distribution device is a mechanical actuator for actuating a fire extinguisher by providing sequential supply of components A and B to the barrel for their subsequent mixing and foaming in the barrel of the ejector mixer-foaming agent with ejected air with the formation of quick-hardening foam escaping from the barrel at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, and also the primary termination of the supply of component B to the barrel when the fire extinguisher is turned off.

The trigger mechanism of the shut-off switchgear may structurally consist of a lever, which consists of two functional parts: a squeeze part in the form of a handle and a piston part in the form of a rectangular pusher of valve stems of components A and B.

The piston part of the lever is fixed in the eye and tightened with a bolt and nut.

A safety pin can be threaded through the holes in the handle and lever, protecting the fire extinguisher from being accidentally triggered by accidentally pressing the lever.

The principle of operation of the locking and starting mechanism of a fire extinguisher is based on the mechanical action of the piston part of the lever on the valve stems of components A and B, respectively.

The impact occurs due to the pressing of the squeeze part of the lever to the handle, as a result of which the passage of components A and B in the corresponding pipelines opens sequentially.

Accordingly, when squeezing the squeeze part of the lever from the handle, the passage of components B and A in the corresponding pipelines is sequentially closed.

A fire extinguisher case made in the form of a sealed vessel of a U-shape is designed to store components A and B under it at atmospheric pressure, to place a gas generator cartridge on one of the covers of the starter housing to create excess pressure inside the case when the gas cartridge is triggered, by which during operation of the fire extinguisher components A and B are supplied from the fire extinguisher body through the corresponding valves of the shut-off switchgear to the barrel as medium mixing and foaming the mixture of components A and B to obtain a fire extinguishing agent in the form of a quick-hardening foam of a foamed silica gel.

To protect against corrosion, the body of the fire extinguisher can be painted inside with an epoxy varnish, resistant to the effects of an alkaline solution of component A, and painted with powder paint on the outside.

Covers, distribution and locking-starting mechanisms and starting device of the gas-generating cartridge are made of stainless steel.

The fire extinguisher body is designed for an excess internal working pressure of 1 MPa, and is tested with a test pressure of 1.5 MPa.

The reservoir of component B is intended for storing a solution of an activator of ash formation of silica solution, which is an acid solution in the form of an acid solution or a salt solution. The tank is located inside the housing of component A and interacts externally with an alkaline environment.

The capacity of component B in the proposed fire extinguisher is an elastic bag made of PVC in the form of a tube of the required volume of material that is neutral to the effects of acid and alkaline environments, for example, polyvinyl chloride.

Determination of the fire extinguishing efficiency of the proposed solid-state fire extinguisher was carried out according to the method for extinguishing a model fire 1A in accordance with GOST 51057-2001.

The tests were performed in the open air at a temperature corresponding to the operating temperature range of the fire extinguisher used and a wind speed not exceeding 5 m / s in the absence of precipitation.

Improving the reliability of the operation of the fire extinguisher is ensured by the implementation of the locking and starting mechanism and the dispenser with the possibility of priority supply to the mixing-foaming component A and mixing components A and B directly in the foaming medium, namely, they are made with the possibility of sequential supply to the mixing means when the fire extinguisher starts functioning - foaming of the extinguishing agent of component A and then component B, and at the end of the operation of the fire extinguisher the subsequent interruption of the supply of component B and then component A to the means for spraying and foaming the extinguishing agent, this not only completely prevents the possibility of hardening of the foamed silica gel inside the pipeline for supplying the extinguishing agent to the foaming agent and inside the mixing-foaming agent, but also provides the possibility of repeatedly turning on / off a fire extinguisher and its repeated normal use until the charges of components A and B are fully developed.

Practical tests of the feasibility of achieving a technical result and industrial implementation of the device method were carried out in the open air at a temperature corresponding to the operating temperature range of the fire extinguisher used and a wind speed not exceeding 5 m / s in the absence of precipitation (Fig. 2-4).

According to GOST 51057-2001, the model fire site 1A was a wooden stack in the form of a cube placed on a solid support in such a way that the distance from the base of the stack to the supporting surface was 400 mm.

As a combustible material, 72 softwood bars were used no lower than the third grade according to GOST 8486-86 with a section of 40 mm, a length of 500 mm, and a moisture content of 10-20%.

The stack contained 12 layers of 6 bars in each layer, laid out so that the bars of each subsequent layer were perpendicular to the bars of the underlying layer with the formation of rectangular channels throughout the stack. The free surface area of the model center was 4.7 m ²

Under the stack was a metal tray for flammable liquid with a size of 400 × 400 × 100 mm, into which 5.0 dm ³ was poured to form a continuous, even surface and 1.1 dm ^{3 of} summer type gasoline that meets the requirements of GOST R 51105-97.

A pallet with a flammable liquid was placed under the stack so that the centers of the stack and the pallet coincided.

They set fire to gasoline in the pan and after 8-10 minutes from the moment of the start of burning, when the stack was covered with flames from all sides, they began to extinguish the model fire with various fire extinguishing agents.

During extinguishing, the fire was imparted rotation at a speed of 3-5 rpm, which allowed the extinguishing agents to be supplied to each side of the fire successively and without operator intervention, excluding the influence of the human factor.

Extinguishing using the proposed solid-state fire extinguisher was carried out with the supply of quick-hardening foam from a foamed silica gel with a flow rate of 0.9-1.1 l / s at a pressure of 0.7-0.8 MPa at a distance from the barrel to the fire of 4-6 m. A fire extinguisher was installed stationary.

After the visually observed end of the quenching of the model site by various fire extinguishing compositions, the time until re-ignition was recorded.

The model fire site was considered extinguished if within 10 minutes there was no re-ignition followed by steady burning of the stack.

Field tests have also shown the possibility of quick coating of silica gel with quick-hardening foam on the surfaces of emergency bottling of flammable liquids and explosive objects, providing a sharp decrease in the rate of evaporation of flammable liquids and heating of explosive objects within a few seconds, which ensures quick and effective fire prevention and extinguishing at the very beginning of emergency situations .

Thus, the use of the proposed fire extinguisher for explosion prevention and solid foam extinguishing ensures the confident achievement of a technical result, namely, it significantly increases the reliability of the fire extinguisher and the fire extinguishing efficiency with quick-hardening foam from silica gel foam, and also proves that all the essential features of the invention are in causal connection with technical result obtained from the use of the invention.

Specific materials, design features and manufacturing techniques of a fire extinguisher and / or its individual parts are selected in the usual way in relation to the specific conditions of its operation.

The manufacture of prototypes and the above examples of tests in real conditions showed confident achievement of the technical result.

As individual elements and assemblies of the proposed solid-state fire extinguisher, various fire fighting materials, materials, and structural solutions commonly used in the manufacture and use of fire extinguishers can be used.

The analysis also shows that all the general and particular features of the invention are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the purpose of the invention, but also make it possible to realize the invention in an industrial way.

Given the novelty of the essential features, the technical solution of the problem, the inventive step and the materiality of all general and particular features of the invention, proven in the section "prior art" and "Disclosure of the invention", proven in the section "Implementation of the invention" technical feasibility and industrial applicability of the invention, a successful solution the inventive task and the confident achievement of the required technical result in the implementation and use of the invention, in our opinion, Noah invention meets all the requirements for eligibility requirements for inventions.

Claims (38)

1. Fire extinguisher for fire prevention and solid extinguishing, containing sealed enclosure with the components of the extinguishing agent placed in it, means for mixing the components of the extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of the components of the extinguishing agent, means for creating pressure inside the housing with the possibility of pressure displacement of the components of the extinguishing agent from the housing into a means of mixing and foaming the mixture of components of the extinguishing agent and means for separately supplying extinguishing agent components from the housing to a means for mixing the extinguishing agent components and foaming the mixture of extinguishing agent components, characterized in that fire extinguisher housing is U-shaped in the form of two mainly vertically oriented cylinders in which the lower ends are connected to each other from below by taps, and the upper ends of the top are covered with lids, to one of which pipelines of means for separate supply of extinguishing agent components to a means for mixing and foaming a mixture of extinguishing agent components are connected, and to the other, a means of creating pressure inside the body in the form of a gas generator. 2. A fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a gas generator with the possibility of creating a pressure of 0.8-1 MPa inside the pressure vessel, for example, a solid fuel generator GG-10 (B) -02. 3. A fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains means for protecting against accidental operation of the fire extinguisher, made, for example, in the form of a safety pin of a gas generator, which is removed when preparing a fire extinguisher for use. 4. A fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinders connected to each other from below through taps are connected at the top by a bypass pipe with the possibility of equalizing the pressure in the upper parts of the cylinders when the casing is filled with components of the fire extinguisher and during operation of the fire extinguisher. 5. Fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for mixing the components of the fire extinguishing agent and foaming the mixture of the components of the fire extinguishing agent are made in the form of a locking and starting device and a barrel attached to it, configured to mix separately supplied components of the fire extinguisher and foaming the mixture components of a fire extinguisher with atmospheric air ejected into the barrel. 6. A fire extinguisher according to claim 5, characterized in that it is arranged to obtain a foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent in the form of a quick-hardening foam obtained by mixing and foaming the mixture component A in the form of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate and a foaming surfactant, mainly a synthetic hydrocarbon blowing agent, in the ratio, wt. %: 10-70, mainly 20-50 sodium silicate, 1-15, mainly 3-6 foaming surfactant, the rest is water, and component B in the form of 20-60%, mainly 30-50% aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a volume ratio of components A and B from 15: 1 to 6: 1, mainly 10: 1. 7. A fire extinguisher according to claim 6, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of obtaining a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness for 1 second to 2 minutes and a change in its volume in the hardened state of not more than 10% within 24 hours. 8. A fire extinguisher according to claim 6, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of obtaining a solid ceramic foam material based on a foamed silica gel having thermal stability at a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 60 minutes, which contains, by weight. %, 13-65%, mainly 20-50% silica, 1-15%, mainly 6% foaming surfactant, water - the rest; has a bulk density of 0.1-0.8 g / cm ³ ; has a volumetric stability of at least 22 hours with a change in volume of not more than 10%, and in a dehydrated state has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g / cm ³ and retains at least 95% of the volume when heated to a temperature of 1000 ° C for at least 40 minutes; has a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² / g; has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20; has a hardness in terms of viscosity of more than 100 Pa⋅s; has a white or yellowish white color. 9. A fire extinguisher according to claim 6, characterized in that the container with component B is made in the form of an elastic bag located in the housing made of a material that is neutral to the effects of an acid and alkaline environment, such as polyvinyl chloride, with the possibility of supplying component B from the container with component B to component B piping and by pressure inside the housing. 10. A fire extinguisher according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises a shut-off and start-up device capable of starting component A and then component B in the barrel at the beginning of the use of the fire extinguisher, and then component B at the end of using the fire extinguisher. and then component A. 11. A fire extinguisher according to claim 10, characterized in that the shut-off and start-up device comprises a component A valve and a component B valve equipped with rods of different lengths, which are arranged to start the functional use of the fire extinguisher in order to subsequently open first the component A valve and then the component B valve, and upon termination of the functional use of the fire extinguisher sequentially closing first the valve of component B and then the valve of component A. 12. A fire extinguisher according to claim 10, characterized in that the locking and starting device is arranged to actuate a fire extinguisher by sequentially opening / closing the valves of components A and B with the possibility of sequential supply of components A and B at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher, as well as the primary termination of the supply of component B to the barrel and the subsequent termination of component A into the barrel upon termination of the functional use of the fire extinguisher. 13. A fire extinguisher according to claim 12, characterized in that the locking and starting device comprises a lever containing a squeeze part in the form of a handle pressed against the handle and a piston part in the form of a rectangular pusher of valve stems of components A and B, which, due to their different lengths, provide priority supply component A into the barrel at the beginning of the functional use of the fire extinguisher and the subsequent supply of component B to the barrel, as well as the first termination of the supply of component B to the barrel and the subsequent cessation of component A into the barrel at stop using a fire extinguisher. 14. A fire extinguisher according to claim 1, characterized in that the component B supply pipe from the housing to the mixing and foaming mixture of the components is arranged inside the component A.

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