RU18974U1 - Round Longitudinal Cross-Cutting Saw - Google Patents

Abstract

A round longitudinal-transverse planing saw containing a saw blade with groups of teeth located on its periphery, in each tooth group the right and left planing teeth alternately located on the saw blade are made in the form of a segment of a circle, have one flat side face, which is located with the outer side from the middle plane of rotation of the saw blade and with sharpening at an angle and / or bend to the middle plane of rotation of the saw blade, and one radially convex side face, which is located on the inside the sides of the median plane of rotation of the saw blade, and the cutting teeth following the group of planing cutting teeth are located one at a time or in groups with sharpening the edges of the working faces towards the working rotation of the saw or both sides, with sharpening or spreading the side faces at an angle to the median plane of rotation saw blade and with a width of the side faces of the cutting teeth equal to or less than the width of the planing cutting teeth, characterized in that the following group of planing cutting teeth in the form of a part of the disk cutting bya made with sharpening the edges of the working faces or all of their faces and with their tops above the top milling and cutting teeth.

Description

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at 27 at 33/02

Author: Branfilev Mikhail Andreevich

ROUND LONGITUDINAL-TRANSVERSE STROGAL NILE

The utility model relates to round planing saws for fine longitudinal cross-cutting of wood and planing of wood surfaces, and can be used in the woodworking and furniture industries.

It is known that for sawing wood, flat saws with teeth are used to cut the fibers perpendicular to their direction or at a certain angle. Saws with this principle of cutting are used in woodworking enterprises to date and are widely described in the scientific and technical literature. Circular saws for sawing wood (analogues) have, in principle, the same design, including round planing saws for sawing wood: round planing disc and teeth (steel or with carbide inserts) located on the periphery. At the same time, the teeth, although they differ in their shape (with a straight, broken, or curved rear wall), due to their sharp angle between the front wall and the upper face and / or side walls, and the angle of inclination in the direction of rotation, are intended for cutting wood fibers. They have GOSTs: GOST 980-80 Round flat saws for sawing wood; GOST 9769-79 Wood-cutting circular saws with carbide inserts; GOST 18479-73 Round planing saws for sawing wood.

Also known: circular saw for cutting wood according to copyright certificate No. 1207762, class. B 27 B 33/08; circular saw copyright certificate No. 1288060, cl. B 27 B 33/02; circular saw with interchangeable teeth according to copyright certificate No. 1240584, class. B 27 B 33/02; device for cutting wood, description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. PU 2041799, cl. B 27 B 33/08; device for cutting wood, description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation JVb PU 2041800, cl. B 27 B 33/08; circular saw for longitudinal cutting of wood according to copyright certificate No. 674899, cl. В 27 В 33/02, 1978. Disadvantages: insufficient purity of wood surfaces obtained after sawing. the cutting edges of the cutting-trimming teeth are made radially convex to the side

working movement of the saw. Disadvantages: insufficient efficiency of operation of the saw; insufficiently high quality wood processing;

- circular saw Tamahawk for longitudinal cutting of wood according to copyright certificate No. 1488189, class. B 27 B 33/02; disadvantages: difficult sharpening of the cutting elements due to the complex convex shape of the sharpened sides of the cutting elements; insufficiently high purity of processing obtained during the cutting of wood surfaces due to the difficult to achieve uniformity of sharpening of the sharpened sides of the cutting elements; the impossibility of planing wood surfaces; frequent jamming of saws, limited thickness of wood cutting;

circular saw for longitudinal planing of wood, description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. RU 2120852, cl. B 27 B 33/02; in order to simplify the design of the saw and improve the quality of surface treatment of wood, each cutting element (tooth) is made in the form of a part of the disk, has one flat surface, which is located only on one side of the saw body in one plane and with sharpening the working faces at an angle to the plane of the saw, and one radially convex side surface, which is located on the other side of the saw body and in one plane. Disadvantages: insufficient efficiency of use of the saw (limited thickness of cutting wood and the inability to transverse cutting of wood).

- circular planing saw for fine cutting of wood, description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. RU 2149100, class. B 27 B 33/02; In order to simplify the design of the saw and improve the quality of surface treatment of wood, the right and left planing teeth in the form of a segment of a circle part are made with a straight cutting face and are located with their cutting faces alternately on both sides of the working rotation of the saw blade. Disadvantages: insufficient efficiency of operation of the saw.

The prototype of the proposed utility model is a round planer saw for fine sawing wood, a description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. RU 2124983, class. B 27 B 33/08; ; in order to simplify the design of the saw and improve the quality of surface treatment of wood in each group of teeth, the right and left planing teeth alternately located on the saw blade are made as part of a circle, have one flat side sharpened face, which is located on the outside from the median plane of rotation

2 saw blades and with sharpening at an angle to the median plane of rotation of the saw blade, and one

radially convex side face, which is located on the inner side of the median plane of rotation of the saw blade, and the cutting teeth following the group of planing cutting teeth are located one at a time or in groups with sharpening the edges of the working faces in the direction of working rotation of the saw or both sides, with sharpening or by distributing the side faces at an angle to the median plane of rotation of the saw blade and with a width of the side faces of the cutting teeth equal to or less than the width of the planing cutting teeth. Disadvantages: insufficient efficiency of operation of the saw.

The purpose of the proposed utility model is the elimination of the above disadvantages and, in particular, improving the efficiency of operation of the saw.

The essence of the proposed utility model consists in the fact that in order to increase the efficiency of operation of the saw, the cutting teeth located with their front faces towards the working rotation of the saw or on both sides following the group of planing cutting teeth as a part of the disk are made with sharpening the edges of the working faces or all of its faces and with its peaks above the tops of planing teeth.

In the saw of the proposed utility model, each cutting tooth carries out active wood processing irrespective of whether longitudinal or transverse sawing of the wood is carried out and regardless of whether the cutting teeth are located with their front faces towards the working rotation of the saw or both sides, since the working edges or all faces of cutting teeth are sharpened and all teeth are involved in cutting wood (the prototype has one or more inversely directed in the direction of working rotation of the saw blade zayuschih teeth did not participate in the cutting of wood), thus increasing the efficiency of operation of the saw (in comparison with the prototype). With the saw of the proposed utility model, all the teeth participate in the fine cutting of wood and with the same number of teeth on the saw blade of the prototype saw and the saw of the proposed utility model, the quality of the saw processing of the proposed utility model will be higher with other equal characteristics, for example, with the same number of teeth, the number of revolutions saw blade, which also proves the increased efficiency of operation of the saw (compared with the prototype). When the saw is blunted, it is possible to increase the intergrowing period of the saw by turning the saw blade on the other side, that is, by changing the working direction

3 rotations of the saw (depending on the location of the cutting teeth, which may be

located with their front faces on one or both sides of the working rotation of the saw blade). When changing the direction of the working rotation of the saw blade, this process remains identical, that is, all the teeth are actively involved in the cutting process with their two faces at the same time (in the prototype, one or several cutting teeth in the direction opposite to the working rotation of the saw blade did not participate in wood cutting).

In addition, in the saw of the invention, the cutting teeth are made with their vertices higher than the vertices of the planing cutting teeth, i.e. the tops of the cutting teeth are located on a radius that is larger than the radius of the vertices of the planing cutting teeth. This arrangement of the cutting teeth of the saw allows you to combine the functions of the groove and the main saw, located one after another, for example, on the lines and machines of leading foreign companies, designed for high-precision and high-quality sawing and cutting of plywood, laminate, laminated wood boards and other similar materials (the prototype did not allow efficient processing of similar materials), i.e. shows the increased operational efficiency of the proposed saw (compared with the prototype). In this situation, the cutting teeth perform the function of a grooving (cutting) saw and saw wood with a saw cut less than the saw cut of planing teeth, and the planing teeth perform the function of the main saw and not only clean the wood surfaces that have already been treated with cutting teeth, but plan them with higher quality is similar to planing on planing machines, i.e. the combination of the functions of two saws in the saw of the invention is shown (the prototype did not have such an opportunity), which shows an increase in the efficiency of the saw of the proposed utility model (compared to the prototype).

Sharpening of all right and left planing cutting teeth located on the saw blade as part of the blade segment can be performed on one side or on both sides. Sharpening or spreading of the side faces of the cutting teeth is carried out at the same angle to the median plane of rotation of the saw blade and in the same plane, which also allows you to not only sharpen or spread them at the same angle with the planing cutting teeth and on standard equipment, to reduce the amount of grinding work or work for divorce, but also to achieve high uniformity of sharpening or divorce of the side faces of the adjusting teeth. All this, accordingly, affects the improvement of quality.

4 wood processing. In addition, the radially convex faces of planing teeth along with

By forming the planing-cutting process, they also perform the function of pushing the chips away to the center of the cut, and the cutting teeth following the group of planing and cutting teeth serve not only for sawing-cutting of wood, but also for transverse cutting of the chips formed during the planing-cutting of planing-cutting teeth, cutting chips into smaller fragments and its removal from wood, as well as to facilitate the supply of wood to the processing zone. The round longitudinal-transverse planing saw of the proposed utility model can be used for wood planing similarly to wood planing on planing machines. This is achieved due to the special shape and special arrangement of planing-cutting and cutting teeth, which allow to plan wood with high quality. The effectiveness of the proposed utility model is also achieved by the fact that each planing cutting tooth is made in the form of a part of a disk having a wedge-shaped sharpening, and the blade (working edge) in the form of a part of the circle of each planing cutting tooth faces the periphery of the saw, while the convexity of the side of the planer the tooth begins at the blade and increases radially to the center O of the circumference of the tooth blade. Moreover, the efficiency of operation of the saw depends on the ratio of the height h of the planing cutting tooth in the form of a part of the circle to the length of the radius R of this tooth; when this ratio changes, the working area of the blade of the planing cutting tooth and, consequently, the quality of processing change (experiments show that in order to achieve greater efficiency of the saw, the cutting teeth in the form of a part of the circle should be less than half the circle, i.e. the height h of the cutting tooth in the form part of the circle should be less than the length of the radius R of this tooth).

The essence of the proposed utility model shows the achievement of the goal, namely, the efficiency of use of the saw is increased, while the functionality of the saw is expanded (along with wood planing, longitudinal sawing-cutting-planing of wood and transverse sawing-cutting-planing of wood, the saw also combines functions groove and main saw, located one after another, for example on lines and machines of leading foreign companies, designed for high-precision and high-quality sawing and cutting plywood, laminate, laminated wood boards and other similar materials from wood) and the quality of wood processing is increased (each saw tooth is actively involved in the planing-cutting of wood).

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Figure 1 shows a round planer saw for fine longitudinal and transverse cutting of wood (with the location of the cutting teeth with its front faces towards the working rotation of the saw blade), general view; figure 2 is a cross section of figure 1; in Fig.Z - cutting tooth 2 (3), having two sharpened facets - front and back; figure 4 is a cross section of a planing cutting tooth 9 (10); in Fig.3 - planing cutting tooth 9 (10) in Fig.4; general form.

A round longitudinal-transverse planing saw consists of a saw blade 1, on which there are alternately located and directed by their planing-cutting faces towards the working rotation of the saw or to the right and left cutting teeth 2 and 3 on both sides, for example, of steel or carbide inserts, having one side face 4, which is located on the outside from the median plane of rotation aa of the saw blade 1, in the same plane and with sharpening and / or bent at an angle (p to the median plane of rotation aa of the saw blade 1, one per the bottom face 5 (the flat side face 4 and the front face 5 form a planually cutting working edge / blade / 6) and one back face 7 (the rear face 7 and the side face 4 form a working edge / blade / 8). In this case, the front faces have a tilt angle in the direction of rotation of the saw, recommended by the relevant GOSTs for longitudinal sawing of wood, and the rear faces - the angle of inclination in the direction of rotation of the saw, recommended by the relevant GOSTs for transverse sawing of wood. Behind the group of right and left cutting teeth 2 and 3, right and left planing teeth 9 and 10 are alternately located, for example, of steel or carbide inserts made in the form of a part of the disk, having one flat side face 11, which is located on the outside from the median plane of rotation aa of the saw blade 1, in the same plane and sharpened at an angle q) i to the median plane of rotation aa of the saw blade 1, and one radially convex side face 12, which is located on the inner side of the median plane of rotation a Saw of disc 1 and in the same plane, with the flat side face 11 and a radially convex lateral face 12 form an edge (leading edge) 13 in the form of the arc of a circle. Moreover, the blades (working edges) 13 in the form of an arc of a circle are turned to the periphery of the saw, the convexity of the side surfaces 12 of planing cutting teeth 9 and 10 begins at the blade 13 in the form of an arc of a circle and increases radially to the center of the circle O; R is the radius of the planing teeth 9 and 10, and A is the height of the planing teeth 9 and 10. The width of the cut

the cutting teeth 2 and 3 are smaller than the cut width of the planing cutting teeth 9 and 10, and the tops of the cutting teeth 2 and 3 are higher than the vertices of the planing cutting teeth 9 and 10.

The saw works as follows (Option I: the right and left cutting teeth are located with their front faces towards the working rotation of the saw blade / Fig. 1/): when rotating the saw blade 1, the right and left cutting teeth 2 and 3, alternately located on the saw blade 1, 6 front edges 5 directed towards the working rotation of the saw with their blades, alternately from the right, then from the left, they are embedded in the wood, cut the wood along the fibers, cut and plan, move the shavings to the middle of the cut and remove from the wood Sina. In this case, the cutting teeth 2 and 3 due to the location of their peaks above the tops of planing teeth 9 and 10 form a cut in the wood. Further, the cutting teeth 2 and 3 are followed by alternately located right and left planing cutting teeth 9 and 10 formed in the wood formed by wood with their blades 13 alternately alternating on the right and left sides with the surfaces already machined with cutting teeth 2 and 3, and move the straggler to cut to the center. At the same time, uniformly sharpened planing and cutting teeth 9 and 10, due to their shape, carry out cutting-planing of wood similar to the process of cutting planing, which occurs in a certain phase of cutting-planing of wood with a planing knife of a veneer planing machine or during cutting with a guillotine knife, which allows to achieve high the quality of surface treatment of wood and receive a variety of wooden blanks that do not require further processing on planing machines. In this situation, longitudinal cutting of wood is carried out.

When performing transverse cutting of wood, the saw blade 1 is turned on the other side, that is, the direction of working rotation of the saw is changed and the wood is transversely cut. That is, when changing the direction of working rotation of the saw blade 1, this process is repeated, and cutting chips, cutting chips into smaller fragments, wood supply is performed by the rear edges 7 with working edges 8. The work of planing cutting teeth 9 and 10 remains the same, but in In this situation, other parts of the blades 13 of planing cutting teeth 9 and 10 participate in this process. Thus, on the saw of the alleged invention, all the classical characteristics of cutting teeth are simultaneously saved as for longitudinal cutting of wood ny, and for cross cutting of wood. The saw works as follows (Option P / is not shown in the explanatory figures /: right

and left planing cutting teeth with their front edges are alternately located on both sides of the working rotation of the saw blade): when the saw blade 1 is rotated, the right and left cutting teeth 2 and 3, alternately located on the saw blade 1, are directed towards the working rotation of the saw with their front 6 blades faces 5, alternately from the right, then from the left side are embedded in the wood, divide the wood along the fibers (with longitudinal cutting of wood), cut and plan, push the chips (sawdust) to the middle of the cut and remove t of wood. Next, the cutting teeth 2 and 3 are followed by alternately located right and left planing cutting teeth 9 and 10 formed in the saw cut in the wood and with their blades 13 alternately either on the right or on the left side planes already machined by the cutting teeth 2 and 3 of the surface and move the chips cut to the center. At the same time, uniformly sharpened planing and cutting teeth 9 and 10, due to their shape, carry out cutting-planing of wood similar to the process of cutting-planing, which occurs in a certain phase of cutting-planing of wood with a planing knife of a wood planing machine or during cutting with a guillotine knife, which allows to achieve high quality surface treatment of wood and receive a variety of wooden blanks that do not require further processing on planing machines. Further, this process is repeated, and cutting chips, cutting chips into smaller fragments, moving chips (sawdust) to the middle of the cut and removing from wood is performed by the rear edges 7 with working edges 8. In a situation of longitudinal planing of wood cutting, the front edges 5 with 6 blades 6 perform a more active process of planing cutting, and in a situation of transverse cutting-planing of wood, everything happens the other way around - the rear faces 7 with blades 8 perform a more active process of planing-cutting of wood When blunting Cex teeth 2, 3, 9 and 10 of the saw blade 1 is rotated by the other party, that is, change the direction of working rotation saws and continue processing timber, increasing its mezhzatochny period.

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Claims (1)

A round longitudinal-transverse planing saw containing a saw blade with groups of teeth located on its periphery, in each tooth group the right and left planing teeth alternately located on the saw blade are made in the form of a segment of a circle, have one flat side face, which is located with the outer side from the middle plane of rotation of the saw blade and with sharpening at an angle and / or by a bend to the middle plane of rotation of the saw blade, and one radially convex side face, which is located on the inside the sides of the median plane of rotation of the saw blade, and the cutting teeth following the group of planing cutting teeth are located one at a time or in groups with sharpening the edges of the working faces towards the working rotation of the saw or both sides, with sharpening or spreading the side faces at an angle to the median plane of rotation saw blade and with a width of the side faces of the cutting teeth equal to or less than the width of the planing cutting teeth, characterized in that the following group of planing cutting teeth in the form of a part of the disk cutting bya made with sharpening the edges of the working faces or all of their faces and with their tops above the top milling and cutting teeth.