RU188177U1 - DEVICE FOR REMOVING FERRY PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to distillation plants and is intended for the separation of alcohol-containing products into fractions and for the production of ethyl alcohol and other distillates in everyday life or in small industries. The device contains a column with a cube, a reflux condenser, a refrigerator and a reflux divider in the form of a container with calibrated holes at the inlet of the branch pipes, while the phlegm divider is connected to the reflux condenser by its input, the first output to the column, and the second to the refrigerator. The area of the reflux divider capacity is much larger than the sum of the areas of the branch pipes, and the height of the reflux divider capacity is greater than the steady-state value of the reflux level in the divider tank at the beginning of the selection of the main fraction of the rectification process. The technical result in the inventive device is to reduce costs and increase reliability by simplifying its design. The result is ensured by maintaining the reflux ratio without an automatic control loop throughout the entire selection process of the main fraction of the rectification process. Thus, the design of the device is simplified, thereby achieving a reduction in the cost of the device and increase its reliability, including in domestic conditions of its operation.

Description

The utility model relates to distillation plants and is intended for the separation of alcohol-containing products into fractions and for the production of ethyl alcohol and other distillates in everyday life or in small industries.

A device for distillation of fermentation products is known, comprising an evaporation tank with a heater to which a column is connected, a main cooler located in the upper part of the column, a sampling tube attached to the column below the main cooler, an additional cooler located on the sampling tube, a sampling device located in the column between the main cooler and the sampling pipe, pipelines for supplying and discharging coolant, a thermometer and a sampling valve located on the sampling pipe below the optional o cooler, characterized in that the sampling device is made in the form of a transparent cylinder, inside of which there is a nozzle rigidly fixed inside the column at the lower level of attachment of the sampling tube to the column so that a cavity for collecting liquid is formed between the walls of the column and the nozzle (see patent RF №146295, 01/01/2014). The selection device allows you to visualize the selection process by the level of fluid accumulating in the cavity for collecting fluid. A disadvantage of the known device is the need to manually control the selection using the selection tap to configure the rectification mode and adjust it during the selection process.

A device for producing alcohol is also known, including an evaporation cube, a distillation column, a reflux condenser, a refrigerator and a reflux ratio regulator, a distillate weighing device operably connected with a reflux ratio regulator (see RF patent No. 2195486, 02/10/02000). The disadvantage of this installation is the presence of a circuit for automatically controlling the reflux ratio, comprising a weighing device and a reflux ratio controller, which complicates the installation, increases its cost and reduces reliability.

The closest analogue (prototype) to the proposed one is the device for automatic regulation of the rectification process, containing a column with a cube, a reflux condenser, a refrigerator, and a heating cube heating control loop. The device also contains a phlegm divider made in the form of a container with calibrated holes at the inlet branch pipe inlets, a sensor and a level regulator and an actuator on the coolant supply line to the cube of the column, while the phlegm divider is connected to the reflux condenser by its input, the first exit to the column, and the second - to the refrigerator, the level sensor is installed in the phlegm divider and is connected through the regulator to the actuator. This ensures automatic adjustment of the liquid level in the phlegm divider to maintain a given reflux ratio during the rectification process. (see ed. certificate of the USSR No. 1681881, 07/18/89) A disadvantage of the known device is the need for elements of an automatic control loop, which increases the complexity of the device and its cost, and also reduces the reliability of its operation. The regulation of the constancy of the reflux level by means of an actuator on the supply line of the coolant to the cube of the column makes it difficult to use it at home due to an additional increase in the cost of installation, especially in the case of heating the cube with a gas or induction cooker.

The objective of this utility model is to reduce costs and increase reliability by simplifying its design.

The problem is solved due to the fact that the device for distillation of fermentation products contains a column with a cube, a reflux condenser, a refrigerator and a reflux divider in the form of a container with calibrated holes at the inlet of the branch pipes. The phlegm divider with its input is connected to the reflux condenser, the first output to the column, and the second to the refrigerator. Moreover, the capacity area of the reflux divider is much larger than the sum of the areas of the branch pipes, and the height of the capacity of the reflux divider is greater than the steady-state value of the reflux level in the capacity of the divider at the beginning of the selection of the main fraction of the rectification process.

A development option for the main technical solution is possible, consisting in the fact that the outlet pipe for selecting fractions of the rectification process is located above the discharge pipe for returning the reflux to the column, and the height of the discharge pipe for selecting fractions of the rectification process is less than or equal to the reflux level at the end of the selection fraction of the rectification process.

Another development option for the main technical solution is possible, consisting in the fact that the phlegm divider is located inside the column.

The proposed set of essential features ensures the maintenance of the reflux ratio in the device without an automatic control loop throughout the entire process of selecting the main fraction of the rectification process. Thus, the design of the device is simplified, thereby achieving a reduction in the cost of the device and increase its reliability, including in domestic conditions of its operation.

An example of a specific implementation of the proposed utility model and its practical applicability are explained in the following description and drawings.

FIG. 1 - Device for the distillation of fermentation products.

FIG. 2 - Device for the distillation of fermentation products (with the location of the branch pipe above the branch pipe reflux return)

FIG. 3 - Device for the distillation of fermentation products (with the location of the phlegm divider inside the column)

FIG. 4 - Selection device for the variant with the location of the divider inside the column (sectional view, shown in dashed in Fig. 3).

The positions in the drawings indicate:

1 - cube;

2 - column

3 - reflux condenser

4 - phlegm divider

5 - refrigerator

6 - receiver of the finished product

7 - inlet pipe

8 - output pipe return phlegm to the column

9 - output pipe selection of the finished product

10 - external cylinder of the selection device

11 - upper flange of the selection device

12 - bottom flange of the selection device

The device for the distillation of fermentation products of FIG. 1 contains a column 2 with a cube 1, a reflux condenser 3, a refrigerator 5 and a reflux divider 4 in the form of a container with calibrated openings with an area of ω 8 and ω 9 at the inputs of the branch pipes 8 and 9, respectively.

The phlegm divider 4 with the inlet pipe 7 is connected to the reflux condenser 3. The first output in the form of an outlet pipe for the return of the phlegm 8 is connected to the column 2, and the second output in the form of an outlet pipe for the selection of the finished product 9 is connected to the refrigerator 5. It is known (V. Zinoviev Brief technical reference book.Volume 1. - M., GOSIZDAT, 1949. - p. 362), that for small holes in accordance with the Torricelli formula, the fluid flow rate Q is determined by the height of the liquid above the hole N and the area of the hole itself ω:

where μ is the flow coefficient, g is the gravitational constant.

In the proposed device, the ratio of the reflux rate in the outlet pipe return phlegm 8 to the reflux rate in the outlet pipe selection of the finished product 9, that is, the reflux ratio of the column F, in accordance with the Torricelli formula is:

As can be seen from expression (2), the reflux number in the proposed utility model is constant without using an automatic control loop. To match expression (2) during the entire selection process of the main fraction of the finished product in the proposed device, a combination of two conditions is necessary: the smallness of the sampling openings with respect to the area of the reflux divider’s capacity and the presence of liquid over the sampling openings of level N. These conditions are provided in that the capacity area of the reflux divider 4 is much larger than the sum of the areas of the branch pipes, and the height of the capacity of the reflux divider 4 is greater than the steady-state value of the reflux level H at the beginning of the selection of the main shares of the distillation process.

In an embodiment of the device for distillation of fermentation products of FIG. 2 the outlet pipe for the selection of the finished product 9 is located above the bypass pipe return reflux to a height h. In accordance with the Torricelli formula (1) in this embodiment of the proposed utility model, the reflux ratio F2 will be:

As can be seen from the expression (3) reflux number for the variant of the proposed device in FIG. 2 with a decrease in the height of the reflux, H increases without using the automatic control loop in the device. The fulfillment of expression (3) during the entire process of selecting the main fraction of the finished product in the proposed device is ensured by the fact that the height of the branch pipe for the selection of 9 fractions of the rectification process h is less than or equal to the value of the reflux level in the divider tank at the end of the selection of the main fraction of the rectification process. If the height of the pipes 8 and 9 is equal, that is, for h = 0, the reflux ratio F2 becomes equal to the reflux ratio F in accordance with expression (2).

In another embodiment of the device for distillation of fermentation products in FIG. 3, the reflux divider 4 is located inside the column 2. This arrangement allows the proposed utility model to be used in existing devices for distillation based on clamp connections simply by adding a sampling unit between the column and the reflux condenser.

A selection node based on this embodiment of the utility model is highlighted in FIG. 3 dashed and described in detail in FIG. 4. It contains upper 11 and lower 12 flanges for fastening with clamps. Flanges are made, for example, of stainless steel. Between the flanges is an external cylinder 10, made, for example, of heat-resistant glass. The cylinder and flanges are connected using threaded bushings and nuts. Inside the outer cylinder there is a phlegm divider 4 in the form of an inner cylinder and a metal stand with calibrated sampling holes. The upper flange 11 includes an inlet pipe 7, and through the lower flange 12 output pipes 8 and 9 are output.

The operation of the device for the distillation of fermentation products, according to the proposed utility model, is as follows. Mash is poured into cube 1, the cube is heated by a heat source (not shown in the figures), for example, a gas stove burner. After boiling the mash in the cube, the alcohol-containing vapors rise along the column 2 to the reflux condenser 3, where they are cooled and in the form of phlegm enter the reflux divider 4. At the initial stage of the device operation, the outlet pipe for the selection of the finished product 9 is closed, for example, by a Hoffman clip (not shown in the figure) and part of the reflux from reflux condenser 3 is returned to the column through the return return pipe 8. The remaining part of reflux from reflux condenser 3 is accumulated in the reflux divider 4, which causes an increase in the level of reflux N. In accordance with the Toricelli formula (1), responsibly consumption increases the reflux returned to the column 2. Upon reaching the dynamic equilibrium reflux return pipe through the outlet in the reflux flow to the column 8 via nozzle 7 coming reflux from the reflux condenser 3, the level H reflux reflux divider 4 is stabilized. The next stage of the proposed device is the selection of head fractions. To do this, for example, the Hoffman clamp is opened and drip selection gives the required volume of fractions in the receiver of the finished product 6. Usually this is 5-10% of the calculated alcohol content in the original brew. The next stage of the proposed device is the selection of the main fractions of the rectification process. To do this, for example, replace the receiver of the finished product 6 with an empty one, open the Hoffman clamp and collect the main fraction entering the receiver 6 through the refrigerator 5. During the selection of the main fraction, its concentration in the brine located in cube 1 decreases. This reduces the flow of reflux from the reflux condenser 3, which enters the reflux divider 4 through the pipe 7. As a result, the level of reflux H in the reflux divider 4 also begins to decrease. Since this level is the same for both branch pipes 8 and 9, in accordance with expression (2) the reflux ratio in the proposed device remains unchanged until the end of the selection stage of the main fraction of the rectification process without additional automatic adjustment devices. As a result, the cost of the device is reduced and its reliability is increased. After this, the rectification process can be completed. The end of the stage of selection of the main fraction is determined, for example, by a given temperature in cube 1 or, for example, by a change in temperature in column 2 by more than 0.1 C.

In the embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 2, with a decrease in the level of reflux H in the reflux divider 4 at the stage of selection of the main fraction of the rectification process, the reflux number increases nonlinearly, in accordance with expression (3). This ensures high purity of the main fraction of the selection without the need to control the level of reflux in the reflux divider 4 by manual or automatic control. This reduces the cost of the device and increases its reliability. As the level of reflux H decreases to a height h of the outlet pipe for the selection of the finished product 9, the selection process proceeds in accordance with expression (3). So that the selection process does not stop before the end of the selection stage of the main fraction, the height h in the proposed device is chosen less than or equal to the value of the reflux level in the divider tank at the end of the selection of the main fraction of the rectification process.

In the embodiment of the device shown in FIG. 3, the phlegm withdrawal unit of FIG. 4 (indicated by a dotted line in FIG. 3) receives phlegm directly from the reflux condenser inside column 2 during all stages of the rectification process. The reflux is returned through the outlet return pipe 8 directly to the column, and the fractions are taken through the outlet pipe for the selection of the finished product 9, removed, for example, through the side wall of the lower flange 12. When the external cylinder 10 and the cylinder of the reflux divider are made, for example, from heat-resistant glass, the operator can visually observe the change in the level of reflux during the rectification process.

Thus, in the proposed device, the achieved technical result in the form of a simplification of the design of the device for distillation of fermentation products by maintaining a given value of the reflux ratio without an automatic control loop allows to reduce its cost and increase the reliability of its operation.

Claims (3)

1. A device for the distillation of fermentation products, containing a column with a cube, a reflux condenser, a refrigerator and a reflux divider in the form of a container with calibrated holes at the inlet of the branch pipes, the reflux divider connected to the reflux condenser by its input, the first output to the column, and the second to refrigerator, characterized in that the area of the reflux divider’s capacity is much larger than the sum of the areas of the branch pipes, and the height of the reflux divider’s capacity is greater than the steady-state value of the reflux level in the divider’s capacity at the beginning of the selection of the main frac ii rectification process. 2. A device for the distillation of fermentation products according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet pipe for selecting fractions of the rectification process is located above the discharge pipe for returning the reflux to the column, and the height of the discharge pipe for selecting fractions of the rectification process is less than or equal to the value of the reflux level in the divider tank at the end of the selection of the main fraction of the rectification process. 3. A device for the distillation of fermentation products according to claim 1, characterized in that the reflux divider is located inside the column.

Images