RU187800U1 - Artificial mechanical bicuspid heart valve - Google Patents

Abstract

A useful model of artificial mechanical bicuspid valve of the heart belongs to the field of medical technology and can be used in cardiac surgery for the replacement of the affected natural mitral valve of the human heart. An artificial mechanical bicuspid valve of the heart allows to minimize the difference in speeds and pressures of the central and peripheral flows and provides a natural section of the mitral valve of the heart. An artificial mechanical double-leaf valve of the heart, including the body, two flat wings installed inside the body with the help of a butterfly attachment, ensures the formation of the bore and its overlap, while the body is oval with a diameter ratio of 25 / 29.2 with an eccentricity of 0.856, which ensures maximum alignment of the speed and pressure of the central and two peripheral flows. The technical result is achieved due to the fact that for the artificial mechanical bicuspid valve of the heart an oval body with a diameter ratio of 25 / 29.2 with an eccentricity of 0.856 is created. This ratio is selected in accordance with the anatomical dimensions of the natural mitral valve of the heart. 6 ill., 1 tab.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of medical technology and can be used in cardiac surgery during operations to replace the affected natural mitral valve of the human heart. The heart valve prosthesis is a check valve that provides a direct flow of blood when opening the cusps and prevents a backflow of blood when closing the cusps.

To date, artificial prosthetic mechanical heart valve prostheses are known as consisting of an annular body and a locking element consisting of a mount and two wings located inside the body. Examples of such models are St. Jude. Medical and Carbomedics Standard [Verbovaya T.A., Gritsenko V.V., Davydenko V.V., Glossy S.P., et al. Domestic mechanical prostheses of heart valves (past and present of creation and clinical use) - St. Petersburg: Science, 2011. - 195 p., Http://www.livanova.sorin.com/products/cardiac-surgery/mitral/carbomedics-standard-mitral-valve]. The disadvantage of such designs is that they do not fully satisfy the hemodynamic properties of the natural mitral valve of the heart, which is manifested in the explicit separation of blood into three streams: the central and two peripheral ones, which differ greatly in speed and pressure. Also, none of these models takes into account the natural oval cross-section of the mitral valve of the heart, which can lead to difficulties in the operation to replace the heart valve.

There is a model that takes into account the natural oval cross section of the mitral valve of the heart, however, it has a diameter ratio of 11 / 15.24 with an eccentricity of 0.727, which does not correspond to the ratio of the diameters of the natural mitral valve (Utility Model Patent RU 4463 U1 dated July 16, 1997 - prototype).

The objective of the utility model is to develop the design of the bicuspid valve of the heart, taking into account the hemodynamic properties and sizes of the natural mitral valve of the heart. The ratio of the diameters of the cross section of the natural mitral valve of the heart is in the range: 17-33 is the transverse size, 23-37 is the longitudinal size, which is equal to a ratio of about 5/6 with an eccentricity of 0.833 ± 0.077 [The Gross Physiology of the Cardiovascular System / Robert Anderson M. , 2012. -72p., The cardiovascular system at a glance / Philip I. Aaronson, Jeremy PT Ward, Michelle J. Connolly. - Fourth edition. - Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2013. - 136 p.].

The technical result of a useful model of an artificial mechanical bicuspid valve of the heart is to create a valve design that can minimize the difference in speeds and pressures of the central and peripheral flows and provides a natural section of the mitral heart. The results of the calculations confirming the achievement of the technical result are presented in table 1.

For the calculations, 6 points were taken (3 in the central and 3 in the peripheral flows), designated as: Max - the maximum value, Min - the minimum value, Med - the average value.

An analysis of the results shows that the hemodynamic characteristics of the flow created by the developed ICS design are more consistent with normal indicators of blood flow velocity and pressure during the operation of the natural mitral valve of the heart, while ensuring maximum alignment of the speed and pressure of the central and two peripheral flows.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that for the artificial mechanical bicuspid valve of the heart an oval body was created with a diameter ratio of 25 / 29.2 with an eccentricity of 0.856. This ratio is selected in accordance with the anatomical dimensions of the natural mitral valve of the heart.

To install the flaps, the well-known “butterfly” mount of the Carbomedics Standard valve was used.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings:

in FIG. 1 shows an artificial mechanical bicuspid valve of the heart in the open state with an oval body (top view),

in FIG. 2 shows an artificial mechanical bicuspid valve of the heart in the open state with an oval body (front view),

in FIG. 3 shows a section of an artificial mechanical bicuspid valve of the heart in the open state with an oval body, where: S = 0.30 mm (leaf thickness), d1 = 25 mm (internal small diameter), d2 = 29 mm (external small diameter),

in FIG. 4 shows an artificial mechanical bicuspid heart valve in the closed state with an oval body (top view),

in FIG. 5 shows a section of an artificial mechanical bicuspid valve of the heart in a closed state with an oval body,

in FIG. Figure 6 shows a section of an artificial mechanical bicuspid valve of the heart in the closed state with an oval body and reduced dimensions, h1 = 4.34 mm (the height of the flaps), L1 = 12.49 mm (the width of the flap in the closed position), α = 18 ° ( sash closing angle)

in FIG. 7 shows the sash of an artificial mechanical bicuspid heart valve with an oval body with reduced dimensions, L2 = 29.20 mm (leaf length), L3 = 30.20 mm (leaf fastener length), h2 = 10.12 mm (leaf leaf height) , h3 = 13.14 mm (sash height).

The artificial mechanical bicuspid valve of the heart consists of an oval body 1, with a ratio of diameters of 25 / 29.2 and an eccentricity of 0.856, two flat wings 2, grooves 3 for attaching the cuff, the “butterfly” mount 4. The design of the “butterfly” mount was borrowed from Carbomedics Standard Valves.

The principle of operation of an artificial mechanical bicuspid heart valve with an oval body is based on the pressure difference in the left atrium and left ventricle. The opening of the valves 2 occurs during the protodiastolic period under the influence of pressure equalization in the left ventricle and atrium, which leads to a direct blood flow under its own weight. The design of the oval body 1 and the flaps 2 provides hemodynamic properties and the anatomical dimensions of the natural valve, which makes it possible to even out the speed and pressure of the central and two peripheral flows, while the flaps 2 open at an angle of 86 °. The mount 4 is located inside the body, which allows blood to wash it, reducing the risk of blood clots. The closure of the cusps 2 occurs in the presystolic period, under the action of reduced pressure in the left atrium relative to the left ventricle.

Claims (1)

An artificial mechanical double-leaf valve of the heart, including the body, two flat wings installed inside the body with the help of a “butterfly” mount, ensuring the formation of the bore and its overlap, characterized in that the body is oval with a diameter ratio of 5/6, which ensures maximum equalization of speed and pressure of the central and two peripheral flows.

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