RU187595U1 - Medical and household waste shredder - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of medicine and is intended for grinding medical and household waste. The medical and household waste shredder includes a frame, a working chamber with a loading neck, circular knives and cleaning pads mounted on the drive shaft and driven shaft and driven by an asynchronous electric motor through a worm gear, the driven shaft is driven by the drive shaft through a gear pair driven and drive shafts rotate towards each other, the discharge window, and each circular knife contains at least two gripping hooks located on the edge of the disk symmetrically to each other the friend’s mouth, and on the whole circumference between them is made double-sided sharpening, forming the cutting edges of the disk. Circular knives can be mounted on the drive and driven shafts, so that the hooks of adjacent discs are shifted relative to each other in the range from 15 to 25 degrees. The chopper loading neck can be additionally equipped with an inspection window. The technical result is to increase the performance of the grinder.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to the field of medicine and is intended for grinding medical waste of classes B and C after carrying out their mandatory thermal disinfection in an autoclave. The model can be widely used in various fields and fields of activity for the purpose of grinding various materials or municipal solid waste.

State of the art

A device for grinding disinfected medical and household waste (patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 171293, class IPC В02С 18/06, published May 29, 2017) containing a loading hatch, an unloading window for crushed raw materials, a housing inside which is horizontally oriented a feeding auger driven in rotational motion by an electric drive, and a device for grinding raw materials, moreover, above the upper rectangular part of the device’s body there are hydraulic press elements, including its working body, installed with the possibility of its entry into the working space of the housing, while the front and rear walls of the lower part of the housing are made with the formation of a cone with a rounded base in a vertical cross section and located below the screw discharge chamber, repeating the cylindrical contour of the lower part of the feed screw along its entire length, while the back the wall along the fracture line passes into the upper rectangular part of the body, and a loading hatch is made in the center of the front wall of the body, in addition, in the side wall of the lower part of the body, a screw discharge chamber, a circular cutout provided with a cutting edge connecting the working space of the device with a device for grinding raw materials, rigidly fixed outside the casing and installed coaxially with the feeding screw, the device for grinding raw materials is made in the form of a knife cup, the bottom of which is equipped with two blades made in the form of vertically oriented and rigidly mounted plates with concave edges forming double-sided cutting edges with sharpening angles of 30-40 °, p Therefore, the cutting edges of the blades and the edges of the inner surface of the knife glass form two discharge windows in the bottom of the knife glass, and an additional discharge window is made in the side wall of the knife glass along its entire length, the lower part of which is equipped with a cutting edge, the sharpening angle of which is also 30-40 ° while the output part of the feeding screw is placed in a knife cup, and the end of this part of the screw is movably fixed in the support sleeve, rigidly mounted in the center of the bottom of the knife cup, while the output part of the feeding sh ESA, which is equal to 1/7 of the total length of the feed screw is provided with a screw-wound, equal to 1/2 the diameter of the screw coiling main part of the feed screw, and the step of winding the output portion of the screw is twice the winding step the feed screw.

A disadvantage of the known device is the unjustified complexity of the hardware mechanical part, while using both electrical and hydraulic parts. There is a high economic cost in the maintenance and further operation of the device. The device operates on the principle of forcing waste with the auger through static cutting knives, which does not guarantee a sufficient change in the appearance of the waste, which excludes the possibility of their reuse. Waste is mostly mechanically crushed and something, possibly cut, passing through the knives. The device lacks the function of crushing waste, as the most effective and guaranteed method of grinding waste.

Known shredder for medical and household waste (RF patent for utility model No. 168606, class IPC В02С 18/14, publ. 02/13/2017), comprising a housing inside which a gear roll is made horizontally between the lower and upper grates, made of a set circular knives and rotationally driven electric drive. Moreover, on the shaft through spacer discs, circular knives of larger and smaller diameters are installed with a ratio of diameters to each other equal to 1: 3. Circular knives equipped with teeth with double-sided sharpening. Smaller circular knives are mounted on the shaft in a group of 4-6 pieces, and within the group these knives are mounted on the axis of the roll with offset relative to each other so that their teeth in the amount of 6 to 12 of the same height and asymmetrical shape form a checkerboard pattern. Between groups of circular knives of smaller diameter are also installed with an offset relative to each other 3-4 circular knives of larger diameter, each of which is equipped with three teeth of the same height. The teeth of these circular knives are asymmetrical in vertical section with a slope of the vertices in the direction of rotation and are spaced 120 ° apart around the circumference of the disk. In this case, the ribs of the lower grate are made in the form of half rings, the inner working surface of which has the geometric shape of an isosceles trapezoid and interacts with the cutting edge of the teeth of circular knives of larger diameter, the transverse sharpening angle β of which is from 45 ° to 60 °. The geometric parameters of the working surface of the ribs of the lower spikelet lattice correspond to the angle α located at the large base of the trapezoid, which is equal to from 65 ° to 70 °. Moreover, the working surface of the upper grate is made with the possibility of interaction with the cutting edges of the teeth of both types of circular knives. The electric drive, in turn, is made in the form of a gear motor, on the tail high-speed part of the shaft of which a flywheel with an impeller is installed, and the output shaft of the gear motor is connected coaxially with the gear roller shaft.

A disadvantage of the known chopper is the high technical hazard when using the device for the operator. With such a device, when there are teeth of different vertical profiles (in a ratio of 1: 3) mounted on one rapidly rotating shaft, respectively, there are different angles of reflection from the surfaces, which will lead to uncontrolled expansion of waste fragments. Fragments of waste fragments are also possible through the upper and lower grates. With the single-shaft device of the shredder machine, the waste is not pulled inward, but scatters to the sides. With this design of the device, it is highly likely that, for example, needles from medical syringes may simply slip between the teeth and grids without damage. Downloading is performed on the switched off device, then the upper grate is installed manually. The chopper is turned on, and until it processes the loaded portion of the waste, it is impossible to load a new portion, that is, continuous operation with reloading is impossible in principle. The device is inconvenient and unsafe to use, since the operator, in order to find out that a portion of the waste has been completely processed, needs to look from above and see something through the grate.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the utility model is to create a simple and reliable device that allows efficient and high-quality grinding of various materials, including medical waste of classes B and C and solid household waste.

The technical result is to increase the productivity of the grinder through the use of a special design of circular knives that effectively capture, crush and grind waste, as well as the use of high torque shafts rotating towards each other, which allows you to grind almost any waste and heterogeneous materials to a fraction of 20 mm.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the medical and household waste shredder includes a frame, a working chamber with a loading neck, disk knives and cleaning pads mounted on the drive shaft and the driven shaft and driven by an asynchronous electric motor through a worm gear, the driven shaft is driven by a drive shaft through a gear pair, driven and drive shafts rotate towards each other, the discharge window, and each disk knife contains at least two exciting hook and arranged symmetrically on the disk edge opposite each other and over the entire circumference is formed between the two-way sharpening forming the cutting edge of the disc.

Circular knives can be mounted on the drive and driven shafts, so that the hooks of adjacent discs are shifted relative to each other in the range from 15 to 25 degrees.

The chopper loading neck can be additionally equipped with an inspection window.

To eliminate jamming of knives and shafts during operation, the grinder has a “REVERSE” mode, which is carried out by the operator by pressing the button of the same name on the control panel.

Brief Description of the Drawings

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a grinder for medical and household waste, front and side views.

In FIG. 2 is a diagram of a block of chopper disk knives.

In FIG. 3 shows the design of a circular knife.

The following notation is used in the figures: 1 - frame, 2 - gear pair cover, 3 - working chamber, 4 - protective panel, 5 loading neck, 6 - viewing window, 7 - asynchronous electric motor, 8 - control panel, 9 - unloading window 10 - pallet, 11 - cover of the driven shaft, 12 - blocking, 13 - junction box, 14 - cover of the drive shaft, 15 - worm gear, 16 - gear pair, 17 - disk knives, 18 - cleaning pads, 19 - drive shaft , 20 - driven shaft, 21 - gripping hooks, 22 - two-sided cutting edges.

Utility Model Implementation

The shredder for medical and household waste is a two-shaft shredder type mechanical machine. The chopper (see Fig. 1-2) consists of a frame 1, a cover for a gear pair 2, a working chamber 3, a protective panel 4, a loading neck 5, a viewing window 6, an asynchronous electric motor 7, a control panel 8, an unloading window 9, a pallet 10 , the cover of the driven shaft 11, the lock 12, the junction box 13, the cover of the drive shaft 14, the worm gear 15, the gear pair 16, the blade knives 17, the cleaning pads 18, the drive shaft 19, the driven shaft 20.

In the design of the disk knives 17 (see Fig. 3), there are two gripping hooks 21 located on the edge of the disk symmetrically opposite each other, and a double-sided sharpening is made between them, forming cutting edges 22. The disk knives 17 are mounted on the drive 19 and driven shafts 20, so that the hooks of adjacent discs are shifted relative to each other in the range from 15 to 25 degrees.

An individual cleaning pad 18 is provided for each circular knife 17, i.e. the number of knives 17 is equal to the number of plates 18. Performed by the Kondor-250 grinder, as well as the grinder supplied as part of the MedKliner-I medical waste disposal complex, consisting of two devices: an autoclave and grinder, 17 knife blades and cleaning pads 18 to 15 pieces.

Disc knives 17 are made of tool alloy steels of grades: 6ХС, 9ХС, 9ХФ, ХВГ according to GOST 5950 or similar in properties. The hardness of knives with volume hardening of at least 49 ... 57 HRC.

Shredder medical and household waste works as follows.

Manual loading of medical and / or household waste into the loading neck 5 is performed by the operator. After the waste enters the working chamber 3, it is captured by hooks 21 and crushed by the cutting edges 22, of the rotating disk knives 17. The disk knives 17 mounted on the drive shaft 19 and the driven shaft 20 are driven by an induction motor 7 through a worm gear 15. The driven shaft 20 is driven by the drive shaft 19 through a gear pair 16. The driven shaft 20 and the drive shaft 19 rotate towards each other. The side pads 18 clean the blade knives 17, ensuring that the crushed material is poured down. The discharge of crushed raw materials occurs due to extrusion by rotating disk knives 17 through the gaps between them into the discharge window 9.

A comparative analysis of the claimed utility model showed that the set of essential features of the claimed device is not known from the prior art and therefore corresponds to the patentability condition “Novelty”.

The above information confirms the possibility of using the claimed device in various fields and spheres for grinding various materials, medical or municipal solid waste, and therefore meets the patentability condition “Industrial Applicability”.

Claims (3)

1. Medical and household waste shredder, including a frame, a working chamber with a loading neck, circular knives and cleaning pads mounted on the drive shaft and driven shaft and driven by an asynchronous electric motor through a worm gear, the driven shaft is driven by the drive shaft through a gear pair , driven and drive shafts rotate towards each other, and the discharge window, and each disk knife contains at least two gripping hooks located on the edge of the disk symmetrically dr angle opposite to each other, and on the entire circumference between them is made double-sided sharpening, forming the cutting edges of the disk. 2. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the disk knives are mounted on the drive and driven shafts, so that the hooks of adjacent disks are shifted relative to each other in the range from 15 to 25 degrees. 3. The chopper according to claim 1, characterized in that the filler neck of the chopper is additionally equipped with a viewing window.

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