RU18755U1 - COMBINED ENERGY INSTALLATION - Google Patents

Description

Combined power plant.

The utility model relates to energy, in particular to devices for generating electric and thermal energy by burning gaseous, liquid, solid fuels and wastes containing organic and mineral combustible substances, as well as for gasification of solid fuels, and can be used in other sectors of the economy, as a result of the activity of which waste is generated that must be incinerated or rendered harmless.

A device for the combined combustion of solid and liquid fuels and combustible waste in a fluidized bed (RF patent No. 2006747 dated 01/30/94) containing a fluidized bed combustion chamber with fuel supply, convection heating surfaces, a gas distribution grill and an air supply duct, in the lower part of the chamber, which is connected to the exhaust duct of the diesel generator. To maintain the temperature in the furnace, a liquid fuel supply system is installed directly into the fluidized bed. In addition, in order to eliminate adhesion in the fluidized bed of wet combustible materials, special resonators of variable volume are connected to the air supply duct and the superlayer space of the combustion chamber.

The disadvantages of this device are:

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-the need to control and regulate the optimal ratio of air and exhaust gases of a diesel generator when they are jointly (simultaneously) fed into the duct under a gas distribution grill to fluidize the fluidized bed, especially at variable loads;

-restriction on increasing the power of a fluidized-bed combustion chamber due to the limited range of exhaust gas pressure (200-800 Da Pa) created by the diesel generator and the low temperature of the gases after mixing them with cold air from a blower fan.

-the need to supply diesel fuel directly to the fluidized bed to maintain the required temperature level in the layer, contributing to local slagging of the layer and the gas distribution section in the area of the nozzle spraying diesel fuel, as well as coking of the nozzle itself, which reduces the reliability of this device,

-complicating the design of the device, due to the fact that due to the low and pulsating parameters (temperature and pressure) of the gas-air mixture, when burning wet combustible materials, there is a need to use resonators of variable volume.

Of the known technical solutions, the closest in technical essence to the claimed device and selected as a prototype is the installation of a combined cycle (A.P. Baskakov et al., Boilers and furnaces with a fluidized bed.-M., Energoizdat, 1995, p. 254 -257). The installation contains a gas turbine unit (GTA), a pulverized coal boiler and fluidized bed pre-furnaces with gas distribution grilles. In this case, the exhaust flue

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the gas turbine unit is connected to the superlayer space of the pre-furnaces of the fluidized bed and the furnace volume of the steam boiler. The exhaust gases after the gas turbine are used for afterburning small fractions of unburned solid fuel removed from the fluidized bed. To fluidize the fluidized bed material in the pre-furnaces, air blasting is used. In this case, air is supplied under the gas distribution grills of the pre-furnaces of the fluidized bed.

The disadvantage of this installation is that it does not use the energy of the exhaust gas pressure from the GTA, but only their heat is utilized, which necessitates a high-pressure air blast under the gas distribution grid of the fluidized bed. This entails the complication of the device, since the installation contains a high-pressure blower fan, which has high energy consumption for its own needs.

In addition, the installation has limited functionality, since it does not allow to burn high-moisture fuel or to subject non-combustible materials to high-temperature processing. An additional constant supply of heat to the fluidized bed to solve this problem would require the installation of external heat-generating devices.

The objective of the claimed utility model is to simplify the device while expanding its functionality.

This problem is solved in the inventive combined power plant containing a fluidized bed furnace, equipped with a gas distribution grill and a gas turbine unit, the exhaust pipe of which is connected to the superlayer space

fluidized bed furnaces due to the fact that the exhaust pipe of the gas turbine unit is additionally connected to the gas distribution grill.

Additionally, the installation may include a device for heat recovery of flue gases.

The proposed set of features allows us to solve the problems due to the fact that the exhaust gases of a gas turbine, constantly supplied to the gas distribution grid of a fluidized bed furnace, have properties (pressure energy, temperature and oxygen content) that can be used instead of hot blast air sent to the gas distribution grid for liquefying and heating a layer of inert material. Therefore, it is possible to refuse to use a high-pressure blower fan and an external heat-generating device, which simplifies the design of the entire installation, and the constant supply with the exhaust gases of the heat necessary for drying wet fuel allows burning high-moisture solid fuel and sludge or exposing non-combustible materials to high-temperature processing, expanding, due to of this, installation functionality.

In FIG. a diagram of the proposed device. The combined power plant contains a gas turbine unit (1) with an air turbocharger (2), a combustion chamber (3), an electric generator (4), a gas turbine (5) and a fluidized-bed furnace (6) with a gas distribution grid (7) on which the layer is located inert material (8), solid fuel supply device (9). The exhaust pipe of a gas turbine (5) of a gas turbine unit (1) is connected, for example, by a gas duct (10), to a gas distribution grill

(7) and with the superlayer space of the furnace (6) of the fluidized bed. The installation may also contain a device for heat recovery of flue gases. In our example, this is a boiler (11) with heating surfaces (12). As a recycling device, any other heat exchange equipment can be used, the choice of which is determined by the specific operating conditions of the combined power plant.

The device operates as follows. The turbocharger (2) of the gas-turbine unit (1) takes fresh air and pressurizes it into the combustion chamber (3), in which gaseous or liquid fuel arriving there burns. Flue gases generated during combustion in the combustion chamber (3), driving a gas turbine (5) and an electric generator (4) generate electric power. After the gas turbine (5), the exhausted hot flue gases under pressure (20 KPa) are sent via a gas duct (10) to the gas distribution grid (7) and to the superlayer space of the furnace of the fluidized bed (6). Evenly distributed over the area of the furnace, hot flue gases fluidize and heat up a layer of inert material (8). After that, an organic substance, for example, wet solid fuel or sludge, is fed into the heated (600 ° C) fluidized bed of inert material (8) with a fuel supply device (9). The wet solid fuel trapped in the hot fluidized bed (8) of an inert material evaporates the moisture contained in it and burns out, generating heat that can be used to generate thermal energy in the form of steam or hot water in the pipe heating surfaces (12) of the boiler (11).

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under pressure sufficient to liquefy the material of the inert layer (8), they are directed into the gas distribution grid (7) of the furnace (6) of the fluidized bed. Gases contain enough oxygen (14% or more) in their composition to ensure stable combustion of low-calorie wet solid fuel or for its gasification.

Using the proposed combined power plant allows you to generate electrical and thermal energy with the simultaneous disposal of various kinds of organic waste, to increase the reliability and efficiency of work by reducing the number and types of auxiliary equipment in use.

Claims (2)

1. Combined power plant containing a fluidized bed furnace, equipped with a gas distribution grid and a gas turbine unit, the exhaust pipe of which is connected to the superlayer space of the fluidized bed furnace, characterized in that the exhaust pipe of the gas turbine unit is additionally connected to the gas distribution grid. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a flue gas heat recovery device.