RU18709U1 - CHARCOAL PRODUCTION PLANT - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Installation for the production of charcoal, including a combustion device, a retort with an opening for the exit of steam and gas and a cover in the upper part, as well as a device for circulating flue gases from burning fuel, made in the form of a hollow cylinder and placed inside the retort along its vertical axis, characterized in that the retort is additionally equipped with a hole for introducing an air stream made in its wall at the level of the upper part of the pyrolysis zone, with holes in the bottom of the retort for the entrance of flue gases and holes in the upper part retorts for the exit of flue gases, while the hole for the exit of steam and gas is made in the wall of the retort at the level of the lower part of the pyrolysis zone, and the hollow cylinder of the device for circulating flue gases from burning fuel is made of heat-resistant steel, equipped with openings for the exit of flue gases into the cavity of the retort and attached to the retort with the possibility of free horizontal movement, in addition, the retort with a lid is provided with an external coating of a heat-insulating molded material. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening of the hollow cylinder to the retort with the possibility of free horizontal movement is made in the form of chains.

Description

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CHARCOAL PRODUCTION PLANT

The inventive utility model relates to the field of pyrolysis of wood, namely: to obtain charcoal without selection of steam and gas and can be used to produce high-quality raw charcoal needed in ferrous metallurgy (for smelting cast iron in a blast furnace), in non-ferrous metallurgy (in production aluminum, in the refining of copper), in the production of ferroalloys (alloys of iron with magnesium, silicon), in the production of highly pure crystalline silicon (for the semiconductor industry), as environmentally friendly fuel in everyday life.

High-quality charcoal is a durable product containing at least 85% non-volatile carbon. To obtain high-quality charcoal, it is necessary to create a high-temperature regime in the zone of wood pyrolysis and ensure stable combustion of gases while avoiding heat loss from the retort to the outside, since carbon carbon decreases when the amount of high-temperature heat supplied to the wood decreases, and it is important to ensure uniform heating of the wood as outside from the inside of the retort, while avoiding wood jamming in the retort cavity, since when wood is stuck in the retort cavity, avnomerny heating wood, whereby the outer face of the piece of wood comes overheating, while the piece of wood in the center of subcooling occurs that causes a voltage due to which the cracks are formed, which reduce the resistance to crushing of coal, i.e., reduce its strength.

MPK6S10V1 / 04

Various installations for producing charcoal are known, Installation 1 is known, including an outer jacket with a lid, a gas heat source, an internal wood tank with inlet and outlet pipelines for supplying and discharging gas, I heat it; its wood, means for blocking the inlet and outlet pipelines, fitting for the conclusion of the vapor-gas pyrolysis. The inner container with wood is placed in the outer jacket and the process of heating the wood from the gas heat source with the jacket lid closed is carried out. The heat necessary for heating wood is provided by the circulation of the hot gas stream outside the internal tank. To increase the strength of the obtained charcoal in this installation, raw materials from wood of a strong breed of eucalyptus were used. The disadvantages of this installation are: unstable combustion of low-calorie gases with the shirt lid closed, which reduces the carbon content of charcoal, as well as the lack of heating of wood from the inside of the internal tank, leading to uneven heating of the wood, resulting in cracked coal.

Another installation 2 is known, including a furnace chamber with a lid, a furnace device, a retort with openings for the exit of combined-cycle gases, a chimney. The retort with wood is placed inside the furnace chamber with a crane and the wood is heated with the cover of the furnace chamber closed. Wood receives the heat necessary for heating through the retort wall from hot flue gases (generated from the combustion of fuel in the furnace) that flow around the snarzoki retort. The disadvantages of this installation are: unstable combustion of low-calorie gases when the furnace chamber lid is closed and heat loss from the retort to the outside through its metal wall leads to a decrease in charcoal carbon, as well as the lack of heating of the wood from inside the retort, leading to uneven heating of the wood, resulting in fissured weak coal.

Also known is the installation 3, designed to produce activated carbon, including a furnace chamber with windows and a lid, a furnace, a retort with a lid and openings for the exit of steam and gas, made in the lower part of the retort, a channel with openings for supplying steam to the cavity of the retort, installed inside the retort along its axis, chimney. A retort with wood is placed inside the furnace chamber with a crane and heating of the wood is carried out with the lid of the furnace chamber closed as follows. Through the combustion device, fuel is supplied and set on fire. Flue gases from burning fuel in the furnace through the windows in the furnace chamber enter the chimney and flow around the retort from the outside. And in the channel installed inside the retort (along its axis), water vapor enters the channel with holes for supplying steam to the cavity of the retort. The wood in the retort receives the heat necessary for pyrolysis, both from the outside of the flue gases through the retort wall and from the steam from the inside of the retort through the holes in the channel. The disadvantages of this installation are: wood jam between the channel through which the steam is supplied and the retort wall leading to

uneven heating of the wood, resulting in cracked, unstable coal, as well as unstable burning of low-calorie gases with the retort lid closed and heat loss from the retort to the outside through its steel wall, which leads to a decrease in carbon carbon. This setting cannot be used.

to obtain high-quality raw charcoal, as water vapor treatment leads to the fact that the resulting product completely loses all hydrocarbons and turns from raw coal to activated carbon, which has other properties and is used for other purposes (in medicine to absorb harmful substances from the gastrointestinal tract, in gas masks as adsorbent).

The closest in technical essence to the claimed utility model is installation 4, including a furnace chamber with a lid, a furnace device, a retort with openings for the exit of steam and gas, made in the bottom of the retort, and the furnace

the chamber is equipped with a device arranged inside it along the vertical axis for circulating flue gases from burning fuel, which is either a heat pipe placed coaxially inside the retort or a cylindrical partition mounted around the perimeter of the furnace chamber between its wall and the retort. The circulation heat pipe is firmly attached (welded) to the chimney. This installation works as follows. An all-metal retort with wood is placed inside the furnace chamber using a mounted cantilever slewing crane, and the chimney is the support for mounting the jib crane. Then the wood is heated without access of air, which occurs as follows. Through the combustion device, fuel is supplied and set on fire. Flue gases from burning fuel in the furnace enter the annular space between the furnace body and the wall of the retort and transfer heat to the wood in the retort. Wood receives the heat necessary for pirulisation, both through snarzoki through the steel wall of the retort, and from the inside through a circulating flame tube rigidly attached to the chimney. The disadvantages of the installation are: stuck wood between the heat pipe rigidly attached to the chimney and the retort wall, leading to uneven heating of the wood, resulting in cracked, unstable coal, as well as unstable burning of low-calorific gases when the furnace chamber cover is closed and heat loss from the retort to the outside through it steel wall, leading to a decrease in charcoal carbon. In addition, in this installation, the installation of the cantilever slewing crane is made using the use of a chimney as a support, which complicates the operation of the installation.

Thus, this setup, as described above, does not allow to obtain

high quality raw coal, as stuck wood in the cavity of the retort leads to

cracks are formed that reduce the crush resistance of the coal, i.e. reduce its strength, and non-shrinkable burning of low-calorie gases with the furnace chamber lid closed and heat loss from the retort to the outside through its steel wall leads to a decrease in the amount of high-temperature heat supplied to the wood, resulting in a decrease in the carbon content of the obtained charcoal.

The task is to improve the quality of charcoal in terms of increasing its carbon and strength.

The problem is solved in that in the installation for the production of charcoal, including a combustion device, a retort for the exit of combined cycle gases and with a lid in the upper part, as well as a device for circulating flue gases from burning fuel, made in the form of a hollow cylinder, placed inside the retort along it the vertical axis, according to the claimed utility model: the retort is additionally equipped with an opening for introducing an air stream made in its wall at the level of the upper part of the pyrolysis zone, with holes in the bottom of the retort for smoke entry gas and a hole in the upper part of the retort for the exit of flue gases, while the hole for the exit of steam and gas is made in the wall of the retort at the level of the lower part of the pyrolysis zone, and the hollow cylinder of the device for circulating flue gases from burning fuel

made of heat-resistant steel, equipped with openings for the exit of flue gases into the cavity

retorts and is attached to the retort with the possibility of free horizontal movement, in addition, the retort with a lid is equipped with a dispersion-sheathed cover made of heat-insulating molded material. The fastening of the hollow cylinder to the retort can be made in the form of chains.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the creation of a high-temperature regime in the zone of wood pyrolysis and ensuring stable combustion of gases while avoiding heat loss from the retort to the outside, as well as providing

uniform heating of the wood both outside and inside the retort while preventing wood from getting stuck in the cavity of the retort,

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the installation drawings: FIG. 1. - schematic diagram of the installation, FIG. 2 - installation plan with the cover removed. The proposed installation for the production of raw charcoal includes a furnace 1, a retort 2 of heat-resistant steel, which contains a cover 3 of heat-resistant steel. Retorts 2 with a cover 3 are equipped with mats 4 made of heat-insulating molded material attached externally with mounting hoops (for example: chrysotile asbestos, Mg6 Si4Oio OH 8). The retort 2 is equipped with a hollow cylinder 5 made of heat-resistant steel with openings 6 for the exit of flue gases into the cavity of the retort 2. The hollow cylinder 5 is attached to the retort 2 with the possibility of free horizontal movement, for example: using chains 7. The retort 2 is equipped with an opening 8 for the outlet of steam and gas produced in the wall of the retort 2 at the level of the lower part of the pyrolysis zone and with a hole 9 for introducing a stream of air into the upper part of the pyrolysis zone. The retort 2 is provided with openings 10 for the entrance of flue gases made in the bottom of the retort 2 and an opening 11 for the exit of flue gases made in the upper part of the retort 2.

To ensure complete combustion of the gas and vapor gas, the retort 2 can be equipped with a candle 12 placed on the outside, made in a pipe 13 connected with the hole 8. For supplying a jet of air into the hole 9, the retort 2 is equipped with an external fan 14, which is connected through the pipe 15 with the hole 9. Retort 2 can be equipped with an externally mounted gas-purge electrostatic precipitator 16, made in a chimney 17 connected to the hole 11. The retort 2 is equipped with regulating dampers placed snarlsi 18. The retort 2 can be additionally nabzhena razmei1onnymi inside it and its attachments to the wall by welding annular peaks 19, disposed are perpendicular

the vertical axis of the retort 2 at an equal distance from each other, and the trapezoidal ribs 20 located along the perimeter of the retort 2 at an equal distance from each other. The fan 14, the pipe 15, the electrostatic precipitator 16, the control flaps 18, the gooseneck 19 and the ribs 20 are made of heat-resistant steel.

The proposed installation works as follows. The wood is loaded into the retort 2 with the lid open 3. Then, the lid 3 is closed and fuel is supplied and burned through the furnace 1 at a temperature of 1200 -1300 ° C. Hot flue gases from burning fuel enter the cavity of the retort 2 through the openings 10. Rising countercurrent to the wood in the upper part of the retort 2 (wood drying zone), the flue gases heat the wood from the outside. Then the flue gases are sucked into the cylinder 5, from which through the openings 6 go into the cavity of the retort 2, heating the wood from the inside, which ensures uniform heating of the wood. Due to the fact that the hollow cylinder 5 is attached to the retort 2 using chains 7, free horizontal movement of the hollow cylinder 5 is ensured, preventing wood from getting stuck in the cavity of the retort 2, which also contributes to uniform

heating wood. As a result of a uniform walling of wood, the possibility of stresses (causing cracks, reducing the resistance of the charcoal to crushing, i.e., reducing it

strength). Having given the wood heat, hot flue gases dry it, and they themselves wait. Exhaust flue gases leave the retort 2 through the hole 11 when the damper 18 is opened into the atmosphere due to the draft of the chimney 17, having passed the preliminary gas purification from impurities in the electrostatic precipitator 16, which does not worsen. Under the influence of high temperature, charcoal is formed as a result of thermal decomposition of wood in the middle part of the retort (pyrolysis zone), where the wood falls under its own weight. In addition to charcoal, which is a solid polymer residue, as a result of thermal decomposition of wood

low molecular weight volatile decomposition products - pyrolysis vapor-gases are distinguished. To ensure stable combustion of low-calorific flue gases in the absence of air in the retort 2 (closed cover 3), a stream of air is introduced into the hole 9 from the fan 14 through the pipe 15. As a result of the heat absorption from the burning of oxygen (which is part of the air stream) upon its contact combustible pyrolysis gases (released during the thermal decomposition of wood), the temperature in the pyrolysis zone rises significantly and a high temperature regime is established in the pyrolysis zone, which facilitates the production of coal with high soda carbon neigh. Thanks to the thermal insulation of the retort 2 with the plinth 3 placed on the outside with mineral fiber mats 4 made of thermally insulating molded material (for example: chrysolite asbestos, Mg6 Si4Oio OH 8), heat loss from the retort 2 through its steel wall to the outside due to the good thermal conductivity of the steel is not allowed. Therefore, the maximum amount of high-temperature heat is concentrated near thermally decaying wood, which contributes to the production of high-carbon charcoal, increasing its quality. The pyrolysis vapor gas escapes from the retort 2 through the hole 8 and enters the pipe 13 with a candle 12, where it is burned in the form of a torch, which eliminates the entry of harmful vapor gases into the atmosphere, since the products from their combustion in the torch do not contain any harmful impurities. The resulting woody 5tol from the middle part of retort 2 (wood pyrolysis zone) moves downward, without sticking to its wall, to the lower part of retort 2 (coal calcination zone), where volatile hydrocarbons are removed during calcination. Prevention of adhesion of coal to the wall of the retort 2 is provided by visors 19 and ribs 20, which contributes to an increase in the quality of coal in terms of increasing its strength (since the adhesion of coal to the wall of the retort

leads to unevenly calcined fissured coal)

the high temperature regime in the pyrilnus zone, the absence of heat loss from the retort to the outside through its wall, the prevention of wood sticking in the cavity of the retort and the adhesion of charcoal to the wall of the retort, therefore, it produces a high-carbon and durable raw coal. At the same time, there are no harmful emissions into the atmosphere, since the flue gases are cleaned from impurities in an electrostatic precipitator, which does not impair traction, and the pyrolysis steam and gas are burned in a pipe with a candle in the form of a torch, which eliminates the entry of harmful gas and vapor composition into the atmosphere, since the products from their combustion the torch does not contain any harmful impurities.

Thus, the described installation is easy to operate and allows to obtain high quality raw charcoal with increased carbon and strength in the absence of environmental pollution.

LITERATURE

1. Application of France No. 258342. Publ. 86.12.19. BULLETIN OFFICIEL DE LA PROPRIETE INDUSTRffiLLE.

2.Vyrodov V.A., Kislitsyn A.N., Glukharyova M.I. Technology of chemical production. -M.: Forest industry, 1987, p. 217.

3.Pateet of the Russian Federation No. 2105032. Publ. 98.02.02, application No. 5035602/25 of 92.04.02.

4. RF patent No. 1790209. Publ. 95.11.27 Bull.№33, application No. 4876827/05 from 90.09.21.

Claims (2)

1. Installation for the production of charcoal, including a combustion device, a retort with an opening for the exit of steam and gas and a cover in the upper part, as well as a device for circulating flue gases from burning fuel, made in the form of a hollow cylinder and placed inside the retort along its vertical axis, characterized in that the retort is additionally equipped with a hole for introducing an air stream made in its wall at the level of the upper part of the pyrolysis zone, with holes in the bottom of the retort for the entrance of flue gases and holes in the upper part retort for the exit of flue gases, while the hole for the exit of steam and gas is made in the wall of the retort at the level of the lower part of the pyrolysis zone, and the hollow cylinder of the device for circulating flue gases from burning fuel is made of heat-resistant steel, equipped with openings for the exit of flue gases into the cavity of the retort and attached to the retort with the possibility of free horizontal movement, in addition, the retort with a lid is provided with an outer coating of a heat-insulating molded material. 2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the fastening of the hollow cylinder to the retort with the possibility of free horizontal movement is made in the form of chains.