RU186940U1 - DEVICE FOR MEASURING OPENING OF THE MOUTH - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medical equipment, in particular to dentistry, and can be used to measure opening of the mouth. A device for measuring the opening of the mouth containing bites, a measuring scale, characterized in that the device comprises a frame with a vernier mounted on the bar with the possibility of longitudinal movement, sponges with bites, fixedly connected to the bar and frame at an angle of 90 ^° _{, a} locking screw, located on the side surface of the frame, bite pads are made in the form of a groove with recesses.

Description

The utility model relates to medical equipment, in particular to dentistry, and can be used to measure opening of the mouth.

The vertical inter-incisal distance determines the maximum possible abduction of the lower jaw and characterizes the amplitude of its vertical movements, which is one of the main criteria for the clinical assessment of the degree of dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint [1]. A decrease in this value is determined with various dislocations of the articular disc and head of the lower jaw; parafunctions and inflammatory diseases of the masticatory muscles; arthritis, ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint. An increase in the amplitude of vertical movements is observed with hypermobility, overstretching of the ligamentous apparatus of the joint [2].

In the process of conducting a functional study, there is a need to examine the joint in the position of the maximum open mouth. The degree of mouth opening in each patient is individual and variable depending on the structural features and pathology of the temporomandibular joint. Changes in the amplitude of the vertical movements of the lower jaw are recorded during the treatment to determine the effectiveness.

A device for measuring the amplitude of the movements of the lower jaw in the treatment and functional diagnosis of diseases of the temporomandibular joint [3]. A device for measuring the amplitude of the movements of the lower jaw is made in the form of a t-shaped plate made of a transparent material and contains two measuring scales placed on both the horizontal and vertical parts of the plate. It allows you to simultaneously measure the amplitudes of the movements of the lower jaw, that is, the opening of the mouth and lateral displacements of the lower jaw, as well as examine the entire dentition of the lower jaw during its lateral movements.

Disadvantages:

- the inability to fix the lower jaw in the position of the maximum open mouth;

- insufficient measurement accuracy due to the possible displacement of the lower jaw during the study.

A device for measuring the width of the opening of the mouth with dysfunction of the temporomandibular joints [4]. The device is made of bioinert plastic in the form of an equilateral triangle with a height of at least 7 cm with teeth with a pitch of 0.2 cm and a height of 0.2 cm. The device allows you to measure the maximum opening of the mouth and fix the jaw in this position.

Disadvantages:

- difficulty removing the device from the mouth after the study due to the possible occurrence of a spasm of chewing muscles during prolonged functional studies (more than 7-10 minutes) [15];

- the impossibility of conducting research in the absence of teeth in the frontal section (incisors);

- the possibility of chipping plastic teeth in the research process, resulting in a violation of the fixation of the lower jaw in a given position.

A device is known “Device for fixing the position of the lower jaw” [56], the technical characteristics are closest to the claimed and taken as a prototype.

The device consists of: an upper plate, a lower plate, a guide rod with graduation, a distance adjuster between the plates in the form of a screw, grooves for the alveolar bone of the toothless jaw, grooves for the dentition. Grooves are made on the outer surface of the plates.

The disadvantages of the prototype:

- Insufficient measurement accuracy due to the possibility of lateral displacement of the device, due to insufficient fixation of the dentition.

To improve the accuracy of the measurement, the device comprises a rod with a measuring scale, placed on the rod with the possibility of moving along it a frame with a nonius and two jaws, motionlessly connected to the rod and the frame at right angles. A locking screw is placed on the side surface of the frame. At the ends of the sponges on the outer surface are bite pads made in the form of a groove with a recess.

In FIG. presents a general view of the device, the numbers indicate:

1. Barbell;

2. Measuring scale;

3. Frame with nonius;

4. Locking screw;

5. Sponges;

6. Bite pads;

7. Deepening for teeth.

The device operates as follows.

Before measuring, the instrument is calibrated by bringing the jaws 5. The vernier of the frame 2 is set to 0 on the scale of the rod 1.

They ask the patient to open his mouth and place the jaws 5 so that the central incisors of the upper and lower jaws are located in the recesses 7 of the bite sites 6 (in the absence of central incisors, the alveolar processes of the jaws are located in the bite areas 6). Then the jaws 5 are extended to the maximum level of comfortable opening of the mouth, the frame 3 is fixed with the locking screw 4, and on the measuring scale 2 of the rod 1, the opening width of the mouth is noted, the screw 4 is loosened, the jaws 5 are moved to their original position and the device is removed from the oral cavity. The level of maximum comfortable opening of the mouth is the level of opening to the first minor discomfort and discomfort in the temporomandibular joint and chewing muscles.

An example of a specific use of the device.

Patient A., 38 years old, complained of periodic pain and clicks in the temporomandibular joint on both sides when chewing. On the basis of complaints, medical history and objective research, the diagnosis was made: syndrome of pain dysfunction of the temporomandibular joint (ICD code K07.6). To clarify the diagnosis, it was decided to conduct a radiography of the temporomandibular joint with an open and closed mouth, an ultrasound in the temporomandibular joint on the right and left with an open and closed mouth. At the initial appointment, when measuring the degree of opening of the patient’s mouth, they asked to open his mouth, the device was installed so that the central incisors were placed in the recesses. Then the lips of the device were extended to the maximum level of comfortable opening of the mouth. Then they fixed the screw and noted a value of 32 mm, then weakened the screw, moved the jaws, and removed the device. In the office, before radiography, ultrasound with an open mouth, the device was installed at a value determined at the initial appointment - 32 mm, after the study was completed, the device was removed. According to additional research methods revealed a subluxation of the heads of the lower jaw and discs of the temporomandibular joint. Recommended treatment with an occlusal splint followed by selective grinding of teeth. Every 2 months after the start of treatment, a measurement of mouth opening was performed. After 2 months of treatment, the opening of the mouth was 34 mm, after 4 months - 35 mm, after 6 months - 39 mm. At the follow-up examination 6 months after completion of treatment with repeated measurement, the opening of the mouth was 40 mm.

Bibliography

1. Lebedenko I.Yu., Arutyunov S.D., Antonik M.M. Instrumental functional diagnostics of the dentofacial system: Textbook. manual for the system of postgraduate education of dentists. - M., 2010.

2. Slavicek R. The Masticatory Organ: Functions and Dysfunctions [Text] / R. Slavicek. - Klosterneuburg: Gamma Med. Fortbildung - AG, 2002 .-- P. 544

3. Device for measuring the amplitude of the movements of the lower jaw: Pat. 121149, Russian Federation: IPC ⁸ А61С 19/04, А61В 6/00 / Ivanov A.S., Linnik S.A., Chernova N.A., Azizova E. A., Yakovenko L.L .; applicant and patent holder GBOU VPO “North-West state. honey. University named after I.I. Mechnikov "; No. 2012115988/14; declared 04/19/12.

4. A device for measuring the width of the opening of the mouth for dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joints: US Pat. 2356516 Russian Federation: IPC ⁸ A61C 19/04, A61 B 6/00 / Sidorenko A.N., Goloseev KF, Vasiliev Yu.A.; No. 2356516.2009. -Bul. No. 15.

5. Iordanishvili A. K. Dental arthrology: Textbook / A.K. Iordanishvili. - Nordmedizdat, 2017.

6. Device for fixing the position of the lower jaw: US Pat. 2131711 Ros. Federation: IPC A61M 19/00 / Vyazmin A.Ya .; applicant and patent holder Vyazmin Arkady Yakovlevich. - No. 98102368/14; declared 02/10/98; publ. 06/20/99.

Claims (1)

A device for measuring the opening of the mouth containing bites, a measuring scale, characterized in that the device comprises a frame with a vernier mounted on the bar with the possibility of longitudinal movement, sponges with bites, fixedly connected to the bar and frame at an angle of 90 ^° _{, a} locking screw, located on the side surface of the frame, bite pads are made in the form of a groove with recesses.

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