RU185933U1 - Device for extraction freezing of organic substances from liquid media under the action of centrifugal forces - Google Patents

Abstract

The device is used to isolate target organic compounds from one liquid to another, including from water-containing objects, and can be used in analytical chemistry, food quality control, chemical toxicology, forensic science, biochemistry, perfumery, hydrochemistry, ecology, and chemical technology. The specified technical result is achieved in that the device implements the method of extraction freezing in the field of centrifugal forces. To obtain the extract in the required proportion, the water-containing sample and liquid extractant (acetonitrile, etc.) having a lower freezing temperature than that of the sample are placed in hermetically sealed extraction containers. Install them in a cooled rotor of the freezer of the device and carry out extraction freezing simultaneously with centrifugation of the samples at a given rotor speed. Depending on the conditions (pH or type of extractant), the target substances can be concentrated in the extract released in a separate liquid phase or in the aqueous freezing part of the sample.

Description

The device is designed to implement the method of extraction freezing in the field of centrifugal forces (EVC) [1] in order to separate dissolved natural and technogenic organic substances from one liquid to another, including from water-containing objects and can be used in analytical chemistry, food quality control chemical toxicology, forensic science, biochemistry, perfumery, hydrochemistry, ecology, chemical technology, etc.

A known method of extraction freezing (EV) and a device [2, 3], based on a combination of extraction with freezing to extract the target organic substances from water, aqueous biological fluids, aqueous extracts of various objects. The action of the indicated cryoextractor for EV [3] is based on the control of the crystallization front of water in the sample by means of controlled supply of a refrigerant, as well as the mode of sample cooling by a system of thermoelectric elements.

However, this device, a method for implementing EV, has several disadvantages:

- depending on the nature of the studied object, a preliminary optimization stage of the procedure is necessary in order to establish the most suitable modes of the refrigerant feed rate and the dynamics of sample freezing;

- the degree of concentration did not exceed 18 times as a result of a one-time procedure;

- relatively complex hardware design, which affects the technological reliability of the device.

The goal was to improve technological and economic indicators, increase the degree of concentration of recoverable components.

The problem is solved by creating a cryoextraction module, a diagram of which is shown in Fig. 1, which implements the principle of extraction freezing under the action of a centrifugal force field [1].

A brief description of the drawing (Fig. 1). The proposed device consists of two modules: a freezer (1), where an engine (electric or pneumatic) is located with a rotor for centrifuging the samples in the appropriate extraction containers (i.e. hermetically sealed vials or penicillin vials, in which water-containing liquid was previously placed and extractant), and the indication and control unit (2) the rotor speed, temperature, duration of the extraction procedure.

To extract dissolved components from water or aqueous liquids, the developed device is used as follows. Samples with pre-added extractant (acetonitrile, acetone, alcohols, diethyl ether, etc., including their mixtures), which are in hermetically sealed bottles, extraction containers (vial, penicillin bottle, etc.), after equilibrations are placed in a centrifuge rotor of the freezer module (1) cooled to a predetermined temperature. Set the speed and duration of the rotor rotation on the control and display unit (2). Next, by turning on the “START” button on the control and display unit (2), the samples are centrifuged for the time required to crystallize the aqueous part of the sample (3). It depends on the mass of the sample and is usually in the range of 15-25 minutes. After that, the obtained non-freezing organic extract (4) located on the ice surface (3) and containing the recoverable target components is poured (decanted) into another container for further actions (chemical analysis, the subsequent stage of the technological scheme). The temperature and centrifugation parameters (rotor speed and procedure time) are controlled using the display and control unit (2). By changing the conditions of the EV, for example, pH or solvent, a number of organic substances can be concentrated in the water freezing part of the sample.

The proposed device allows you to:

- increase the degree of concentration by reducing the proportion of extractant in the extraction system, therefore, the efficiency of extraction of target organic substances from aqueous samples, compared with the use of a cryoextractor for EV [3];

- reduce material, reducing the amount of extractant, energy and labor costs by reducing the time of the EV procedure.

Bibliography:

1. RF patent for the invention No. 2564999 // Method for the extraction of organic substances from aqueous media by extraction freezing in a field of centrifugal forces // Bekhterev V.N. // B.I. No. 28, 2015.

2. RF patent for the invention No. 2303476 // Method for extracting organic substances from aqueous media by extraction in combination with freezing // Bekhterev V.N. // B.I. No. 21, 2007.

3. RF patent for utility model No. 105184 // Device for extraction freezing of organic substances from liquid media // Bekhterev V.N. // 10.06.2011.

Claims (1)

A device for extracting organic substances from liquid media by freezing under extraction by centrifugal forces, including a freezer with extraction containers, characterized in that the freezer contains a cooled engine with a rotor in which samples are placed for centrifugation.

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