RU185760U1 - DEVICE FOR LOADING CATALYSTS AND ADSORBENTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the petrochemical industry, specifically to devices for loading and scattering catalyst in reactors.

Tasks of creating a utility model: increasing the uniformity and productivity of the process for reactors of different types and designs.

The solution of these problems was achieved in a device for loading catalysts and adsorbents, containing a housing and a drive connected by a shaft to a rotating element, while the rotating element is made in the form of a spreader, which, in turn, consists of several bases from a smaller to a larger diameter, installed each above the other, on which the radial brushes are placed, by the fact that a dispenser is made above the spreader. Radial brushes can be made of different lengths.

Radial brushes can be made with a periodic gradual increase in their length, a sharp decrease and again increase.

Radial brushes can be made of elastic material.

The shaft can be mounted on two types of bearings.

As a drive, a reversible air motor can be used. 5 cp crystals, 6 ill., 1 tab.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for loading bulk materials and can be used to load catalysts and adsorbents in chemical reactors used in the refining and petrochemical industries.

The device for loading catalysts and adsorbents "TEKHKAT-2" (hereinafter - ZU) is intended for loading catalysts and adsorbents into axial and radial reactors of technological units of oil refining and petrochemical processes using the tight packing method. The charger runs on compressed air or nitrogen and allows you to load catalysts with a diameter of granules from 1.1 to 5.0 mm, inclusive, due to the ability to adjust the gap at the bottom of the device.

A device for loading a catalyst is known, comprising a hollow housing open at the bottom, a pipe connecting with a gas source, a reflecting plate, see A. St. USSR No. 745357, PMK B65G 65/48, publ. 06/30/1980

Disadvantages: low catalyst loading rate and uneven loading.

A device for loading the catalyst according to the patent RU 2111911, IPC B65D 88/72, publ. 05/27/1998

This device contains a receiving hopper and a distributor of bulk material connected in series with each other. The bulk material distributor consists of a hollow, open in the lower part of the housing, a reflective plate placed with a gap below the hollow body and having a cross section greater than the cross section of the hollow body, a nozzle installed in the hollow body and interfaced with the gas source so that it is ensured a gas flow in the said gap, which changes the direction of movement of at least part of the bulk material in many directions over the reflective plate. The hollow body is equipped with a funnel-shaped diaphragm with a central hole directing the flow of bulk material into its central part.

Disadvantage: uneven loading of the catalyst (adsorbent).

A device for loading a catalyst is known according to patent RU 2222373, IPC B65G 65/32, published on January 27, 2004.

This loading device comprises a housing, a filling unit connected to it, a distributor and a pipe for supplying compressed gas. The distributor is installed under the outlet openings of the housing. The outlet of the pipe for supplying compressed gas is located between the distributor and the housing coaxially to the distributor with the formation of an adjustable gap between the outlet of the pipe and the distributor. The distributor is made in the form of a disk. The pipe outlet has a nozzle nozzle.

Disadvantage: low characteristics of the resulting bulk layer in uniformity and density.

A device for loading and spreading the catalyst according to the patent of the Russian Federation for utility model No. 165927, IPC B65G 65/32, publ. November 10, 2016, the prototype.

This device for loading catalysts and adsorbents contains a housing and a drive connected by a shaft with a rotating element, while the rotating element is made in the form of a spreader, which, in turn, consists of several bases from a smaller to a larger diameter, mounted one above the other, on which radial elements (brushes) are placed.

Disadvantages: uneven loading of the catalyst or adsorbent in the reactor and low loading speed.

Tasks of creating a utility model: increasing process productivity and uniform loading of catalysts and adsorbents for reactors of any type and design.

Effect: ensuring uniform loading by the catalyst (adsorbent) of reactors of any type and design.

The solution of these problems was achieved in a device for loading catalysts and adsorbents, containing a housing and a drive connected by a shaft to a rotating element, while the rotating element is made in the form of a spreader, which, in turn, consists of several bases from a smaller to a larger diameter, installed each above the other, on which the radial brushes are placed, by the fact that a dispenser is made above the spreader. Radial brushes can be made of different lengths.

As a drive, a reversible air motor can be used. The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1-6), where:

- in FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the installation of the loading device in the reactor,

- in FIG. 2 shows a General view of the boot device in section,

- in FIG. 3 shows the housing and shaft in a section,

- in FIG. 4 shows the dispenser,

- in FIG. 5 shows a bottom view along A in FIG. 2

- in FIG. 6 shows a view of the bases with brushes.

LOADER DESIGN

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the installation of the loading device of the memory on the flange 1 of the reactor 2 and a simplified diagram of this device.

The storage device consists of the following components (Fig. 2): spreader 3, which in turn consists of several, for a specific example: three, bases 4-6 located one below the other, on which radial brushes 7 are placed - from a smaller diametrical size to more, the dispenser 8, placed above the spreader 3, the drive 9, mounted in the housing 10, the casing 11 of the cylindrical shape, made coaxially to the drive 9. As a drive 9, it is advisable to use a reversible air motor, this will ensure fire safety, regulated e the rotational speed of the spreader 3 and the reversal to improve the uniformity of spreading catalysts or adsorbents.

In addition, the device has radial bearings 12 (at least three), which are mounted with the possibility of vertical movement on vertical guides 13 installed in the sockets 14 of the housing 10 (Fig. 2 and 3). At the ends of the radial bearings 12, adjustable stops 15 are installed. The adjustable stops 15 are made with the possibility of radial movement for installation on the flanges 1 of reactors of various sizes. Adjustable stops 15 are in contact with the flange 1 of the reactor 2 (Fig. 1). Other installation and mounting options for the loading device in reactor 2 are also possible.

The spreader 3 is attached to the shaft 16. The shaft 16 is installed in the housing 10 on two types of bearings: single row tapered roller bearings 17 having increased load capacity and a ball radial bearing 18 (Fig. 3) to center the shaft 16 to eliminate imbalance and runout.

In FIG. 4 shows the plate 19 of the dispenser 8 with holes 20. The holes 20 can partially or fully open to regulate the load.

In FIG. 5 is a bottom view of the device along A, and in FIG. 6 is a view of the bases 4-6 with radial brushes 7 of different lengths. All bases 4-6 have the same design and differ in diametrical dimensions.

In FIG. 1 shows a layer of material 21, i.e. loaded catalyst or adsorbent inside the reactor 2, which must be made as uniform as possible, both in the circumferential and in the radial direction.

Design features of the boot device are:

- the use of a spreader 3 in it, which in turn consists of several, in a specific example, three, 4-6 bases located one below the other, from a smaller diameter to a larger one (from bottom to top),

- the use of radial brushes 7 for each of the base 4-6 of different lengths Ri, made with periodic gradual increase, a sharp decrease and again with an increase,

- the use of radial brushes made of elastic material: plastic, rubber, etc. to avoid crushing of the catalyst granules,

- providing adjustments to change performance and uniform loading of catalyst granules.

LOADER OPERATION

The catalysts are loaded into the reactors of technological plants by feeding them to the reactor 2 through a loading device consisting of a cylindrical casing 11 mounted inside the housing 10, a drive 9 (reversible pneumatic drive), a dispenser 8 and a spreader 3. The design of the dispenser 8 provides a certain amount of charge material on each of the three bases 4-6 having radial brushes 7 of various lengths.

For loading, the device is installed above the reactor 2 (and partially in the reactor 2), for example, on the flange 1 (Fig. 1), or in another way.

A uniform distribution of catalyst particles is achieved by changing the rotation frequency of the bases 4-6 of the radial brushes 7, as well as by the percentage of opening of the holes 20 of the dispenser 8 for feeding material to each of the bases 4-6 and using brushes 7.

The memory works as follows.

The memory is mounted on adjustable stops 15 on the flange 1 of the reactor 2 or on the switchgear inside the reactor 2 (not shown). Installation is carried out strictly in the center of the reactor 2. The bases of 4-6 radial brushes 7 are located strictly horizontally, which is achieved by adjustable stops 15 using a bubble level.

Particles of the loaded material are fed into the casing 11 and under the influence of gravitational forces enter the dispenser 8, consisting of plates 19 (Fig. 4), regulating the supply of material to each of the bases 4-6 brushes 7, due to the degree of opening of the holes 20. When passing through dispenser 8 forms a uniform catalyst flow along the central axis and on each base 4-6 brushes 7 for further distribution of the material over the cross section of the reactor 2.

Further, the particles of the catalyst (adsorbent) under the action of centrifugal force created by the rotation of the bases 4-6 of the radial brushes 7, fall on the radial brushes 7, which ensure the movement of particles in the radial direction evenly over the cross section of the loaded apparatus. Radial brushes 7 are made of elastic material, which allows to avoid abrasion and destruction of particles of the loaded material.

The speed and range of particle expansion is controlled by the degree of opening of the plates S _{rel. Of the} dispenser 8 (plates not shown) on each base of 4-6 radial brushes 7 and the speed of rotation of the bases of the radial brushes 7 is rpm, rpm.

The degree of opening of the plates (Fig. 4):

S _rel = S _resp / S _PL ,

where: S _{of holes} - hole area 8 of the dispenser 19,

S _PL - the area of the plates 19.

These parameters are selected based on the diameter of the reactor D and the height of the free fall of particles h empirically (Fig. 1). The recommendations of Table 1 (Appendix) have been developed for existing types of reactors.

Thus, the application of the proposed method of loading the catalyst into the reactor allows you to evenly distribute the catalyst particles along the cross section of the loaded reactor and the height of the catalyst layer. This makes it possible to form a catalyst layer of a homogeneous structure throughout the volume of the loaded reactor.

The operating parameters of the device for loading catalysts and adsorbents are optimized for each specific load depending on the geometric shape of the reactor, the size, shape of the granules of the catalyst or adsorbent, the height and trajectory of their fall into the reactor. The use of the claimed device provides a horizontal position of each granule of the catalyst or adsorbent with a snug fit to each other with the implementation of a uniform tight packing of the catalyst or adsorbent. The design of the device virtually eliminates the possibility of grinding the granules of the catalyst or adsorbent in the internal space of the device, since they move under the action of gravity and centrifugal forces, without encountering friction and sharp metal nodes and parts of the device on their way.

The use of adjustments makes it possible to make the loading device universal for reactors of various types and sizes (Table 1) and will ensure uniform loading.

Moreover, as the initial data of the reactors accept (Fig. 1):

D is the diameter of the reactor, m,

h is the free fall height of the particles (from the bottom of the spreader 3 to the material layer 21), m

Experimental tests of the manufactured device on reactors of various types were carried out with a positive result on the uniformity of dispersion of the catalyst. The above data confirms that the technical solution meets the patentability criterion of "industrial applicability".

When performing patent research, no distinguishing features of the claimed device for loading catalysts and adsorbents in other similar devices were revealed, which confirms compliance with the patentability criteria of “novelty” and “inventive step”.

Application of the utility model allowed:

1. To increase the speed and uniformity of the loading of the catalyst (adsorbent) in reactors of various types and sizes.

2. It is more optimal to distribute the catalyst (adsorbent) over the cross section of the reactor.

3. To avoid the possibility of breakage and crumbling of catalyst particles during the loading process.

4. Ensure that the catalyst is loaded to an empty space between the catalyst bed and the spreader of less than 300 mm.

5. Avoid the need to lower service personnel to the upper catalyst bed for leveling.

6. To provide the ability to reverse the spreader to further improve the uniformity of the loading of the catalyst (adsorbent).

Claims (6)

1. A device for loading catalysts and adsorbents, comprising a cylindrical body and a drive connected by a shaft to a rotating element, the rotating element being made in the form of a spreader, which, in turn, consists of several bases from a smaller diametric size to a larger one, mounted one above the other on which radial brushes are placed, characterized in that a dispenser is made above the spreader. 2. A device for loading catalysts and adsorbents according to claim 1, characterized in that the radial brushes are made of different lengths. 3. A device for loading catalysts and adsorbents according to claim 2, characterized in that the radial brushes are made with a periodic gradual increase in their length, a sharp decrease in their length and again increase. 4. A device for loading catalysts and adsorbents according to claim 2, characterized in that the radial brushes are made of elastic material. 5. A device for loading catalysts and adsorbents according to claim 1, characterized in that the shaft is mounted on two types of bearings. 6. A device for loading catalysts and adsorbents according to claim 1, characterized in that a reversible air motor is used as a drive.

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