RU2661519C2 - Bulk material loading device (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transportation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for loading bulk materials, for example, catalyst particles into reactors, fertilizer granules into storage tanks, grain into silos or bins, and can be used, in particular, in the oil refining and petrochemical industry, various branches of the agro-industrial complex. Device for loading the bulk material includes cylindrical container (1) and a socket for the pneumatic motor located in its center, to which the axis of rotation is connected to the shaft. On it at different levels coaxially fixed plates, made in the form of converging spirals, divided by partitions into a number of sectors. In a second variant, the bulk material loading device also includes cylindrical container (1) and a socket located in its center, the shaft being flexible and also being connected to the axis of rotation, on which the said plates are coaxially fixed. Electrical engine, Flexible shaft that drives a flexible shaft is located outside the cylindrical container. In both variants, three vertical cylindrical guides (6) are fixed at an equal distance from each other on the outside of the container, to which the legs of fastenings (7) of the device are attached with the possibility of moving it along the guides.

EFFECT: technical result is the achievement of the maximum uniformity of the distribution of bulk material with the reliability of the device, the speed of installation in preparation for operation and ease of management.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a device for loading bulk materials, such as catalyst particles in reactors, fertilizer granules in storage, grain in elevators or silos, and can be used, in particular, in the oil refining and petrochemical industries, various sectors of the agro-industrial complex.

Particulate matter should be distributed as evenly as possible throughout the tank to achieve maximum bulk density, i.e. maximum mass of loaded particles. Thus, an increase in the amount of catalyst in the reactors increases the flexibility of operation of the plants and allows you to increase the duration of the run of the installation.

Currently, there are a fairly large number of devices designed to fill cylindrical containers with solid particles, which are driven by compressed gas and have similar assemblies - receiving hopper for loading bulk material, connected by a pipeline to a particle distributor including a rotating part connected to a source rotational movement with differences in the part regarding the design of the rotating part.

A known apparatus for loading bulk material, including a receiving hopper and a distributor of bulk material, connected in series with each other. The bulk material distributor consists of a hollow, open in the lower part of the housing, a reflective plate placed with a gap below the hollow body and having a cross section greater than the cross section of the hollow body, a nozzle installed in the hollow body and interfaced with the gas source so that it is ensured a gas flow in the said gap, which changes the direction of motion of at least part of the bulk material in many directions over the reflective plate. The hollow body is equipped with a funnel-shaped diaphragm with a central hole directing the flow of bulk material into its central part. The nozzle is equipped with a piston that reciprocates and controls the intensity of the compressed gas flow in the gap, which in turn contributes to an even distribution of solid particles of bulk material in radial directions over the cross section of the loaded container (see patent RU 2111911, B65D 88/72, date Publication May 29, 1998).

A loading device is known which comprises a housing, a filling unit connected to it, a distributor and a pipe for supplying compressed gas. The distributor is installed under the outlet openings of the housing. The outlet of the pipe for supplying compressed gas is located between the distributor and the housing coaxially to the distributor with the formation of an adjustable gap between the outlet of the pipe and the distributor. The distributor is made in the form of a disk. The pipe outlet has a nozzle nozzle. Moreover, the disk and nozzle are interchangeable. In this case, the distributor is made concave, and the surface of the nozzle facing it is convex. The filling unit is made in the form of a loading funnel connected to the housing by a pipeline. At least part of the pipe for supplying compressed gas is located in the housing coaxially with the nozzle and distributor. The housing is cylindrical, and its outlet openings are adjustable in size (see patent RU 2222373, B65G 65/32, publication date 01/27/2004).

However, all of the above devices do not allow to achieve a uniform distribution of particles over the entire cross section, and often it is possible to observe tubercles and depressions on the profile of bulk material.

A device for filling a container with solid particles is known, which comprises a cylindrical container, annular channels for passing particles formed by a plurality of vertical outlet pipes arranged coaxially relative to each other, and a diaphragm installed in the direction of flow in front of the channels for regulating the flow of particles in the annular channels. The diaphragm contains at least two annular elements of the same diameter, mounted to rotate relative to each other around a common axis, and designed to at least partially overlap the same annular channel by rotation relative to each other (see, patent RU 2551095, B65B 1/04, publication date 10/20/2009).

This device allows to achieve uniform distribution of the catalyst, however, the use of diaphragms significantly reduces its reliability and complicates the management of the device.

Closest to the proposed is a device for compacted loading of bulk materials into technological containers (spreader), containing a receiving box of a cylindrical shape, an air motor and a distributor equipped with slots expanding from the axis of rotation to the periphery. The distributor is provided with at least two scattering plates attached coaxially to the axis of rotation, and together forming a circle, while the scattering plates are made with vertically oriented stops at the end ends. The device may contain two or more valves, located one below the other and made with the possibility of rotation of one valve relative to the other along the axis of rotation (see utility model RU 87691, B65G 65/32, B65D 88/54, publication date 10/20/2009).

However, this device does not provide the most uniform and dense distribution of bulk material.

The objective of the invention is to achieve maximum uniformity of distribution of granular matter with the reliability of the device, the speed of installation in preparation for work and ease of management.

The problem is solved as follows: in a device for loading bulk material, including a cylindrical container (1) and a socket (2) for an air motor (10) located in its center, to the shaft of which a rotation axis (3) is connected, plates are coaxially fixed at different levels (4) made in the form of converging spirals, divided by partitions (5) into many sectors. Outside the container, three vertical cylindrical guides (6) are fixed at an equal distance from each other, to which are attached the legs of the fixtures (7) of the device with the possibility of its movement along the guides.

In another embodiment of the invention, the task is solved as follows: in a device for loading granular material, including a cylindrical container (1) and a socket located in its center (2) for the axis of rotation (3), on which plates (4 are coaxially mounted at different levels ), made in the form of converging spirals, divided by partitions (5) into many sectors. Outside the container, three vertical cylindrical guides (6) are fixed at an equal distance from each other, to which are attached the legs of the fixtures (7) of the device with the possibility of its movement along the guides. In the indicated socket, a flexible shaft (11) is attached to the axis of rotation, the possibility of movement of which is provided by an electric motor located outside the cylindrical container.

The principle of the device for loading (hereinafter also the spreader) is that each of the plates in it has the shape of a converging spiral. This form provides a given trajectory of movement of particles falling into the spreader, thereby ensuring uniform loading.

In FIG. 1 shows the structure of a device for loading bulk material in a general manner. Design features of a device with an air motor are shown in FIG. 2, devices with an electric motor - in FIG. 3.

In FIG. 4 shows the design of plates having the shape of converging spirals.

A method of securing the device to the distribution plate of the reactor is shown in FIG. 5.

The device consists of a receiving tank of cylindrical shape (1), on the outside of which three vertical cylindrical guides (6) are fixed at an equal distance from each other. The spreader mounts (7) are attached to the guides, which can be moved along the guides in the vertical direction and fixed at the required height. Mounts also adjust the length and height of the legs. Flat metal parts (8) are used as supports.

Inside the cylindrical container there is a socket (2) for the air motor (10), to the shaft of which the rotation axis (3) is fixed according to the first embodiment, or to fix the rotation axis (3) to the flexible shaft (11), about the second variant. Three rotating plates (4) (plates) of different diameters are fixed on the axis of rotation (3), having the shape of converging spirals separated by partitions (5) into many sectors with their receiving measuring pockets for the catalyst. The height and location of the partitions, as well as the location of the plates relative to each other, are designed so that the angular velocity of the particles leaving the plate ensures a uniform distribution of these particles over the entire cross section of the container. In the lower part of the spreader there is a stand (9) of cylindrical shape, which protects the plates from shock during transportation, which is removed when the device is in working condition. For the operation of the air motor, air or nitrogen is used as compressed gas.

According to the first embodiment, the axis of rotation drives the air motor (10), which is located in the socket in the center of the receiving tank.

According to the second option, there is an electric motor (not shown in the figures) outside the receiving tank, which drives the axis by means of a flexible shaft (11), to which the rotation axis is mounted in the socket of the receiving tank. The shaft length can be 4-5 m. The shaft length does not affect the structure of the loading device. This option provides explosion and fire protection devices and is particularly suitable for use in refineries and petrochemical enterprises.

Installation time of the device inside the tank with the help of fasteners is minimum - less than 30 minutes. In the particular case, when the vessel is a reactor, it is fixed on the distribution plate of the reactor, as shown in FIG. 5.

The device operates as follows. Bulk material, such as a catalyst, is continuously fed into the cylindrical tank of the spreader (1) using a fabric sleeve fixed on it, and it enters the rotating plates (4). In one embodiment, the rotation of the axis (3), on which the plates are fixed, is provided with a pneumatic motor (10), in another embodiment, with an external electric motor through a flexible shaft (11).

Each subsequent catalyst layer falls onto a fixed previous layer, which had previously fallen into a container, which creates a dense load. This is achieved thanks to the selected shape of the plates.

The catalyst, passing through the casing of the spreader, falls evenly on all three distribution plates, which, rotating, give each point of the spiral its angular velocity, i.e. the catalyst from each point of the spiral fills strictly one and the same strip (radius), from the next point - its strip and so on, due to which the catalyst is evenly laid.

Also, to ensure a dense loading of the catalyst, a uniform distribution of the catalyst over the entire area of the reactor is necessary when changing the loading height. It is regulated by the number of revolutions of the air motor according to the first embodiment or of an electric motor with a flexible shaft according to the second embodiment. The higher the speed, the wider the catalyst. The entire adjustment is carried out only by the engine speed, which simplifies the work of personnel and reduces the risk of marriage and provides the most accurate catalyst location throughout the reactor volume.

In the case when the filled tank does not have a distribution plate, for example, a gasoline hydrotreating reactor or a grain elevator, it is possible to install the device on the upper flange of the tank. In this case, the fasteners (8) are mounted on the upper flange, and the spreader is moved along the guides (6) down so that the plates (4) are in the widest part of the tank, below the inlet pipe.

Claims (2)

1. A device for loading bulk material, including a cylindrical container and a socket for an air motor located in its center, to the shaft of which a rotation axis is attached, on which plates are coaxially mounted at different levels, characterized in that the plates are made in the form of converging spirals separated by partitions on many sectors, and outside the tank at an equal distance from each other three vertical cylindrical guides are fixed, to which are attached the legs of the device mountings with the possibility of it moving along the guides. 2. A device for loading bulk material, including a cylindrical container and a socket located in its center for the axis of rotation, on which plates are coaxially mounted at different levels, and an engine with the ability to provide movement of the axis of rotation, characterized in that the plates are made in the form of converging spirals, divided by partitions into many sectors, outside the tank at an equal distance from each other are fixed three vertical cylindrical guides to which the legs of the device mounts are attached, and in In the shown socket, a flexible shaft is attached to the axis of rotation, the possibility of movement of which is provided by an electric motor located outside the cylindrical tank.

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