RU184667U1 - LIFTING MECHANISM FOR A LOAD WITH A SHIFTED WEIGHT CENTER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to hoisting-and-transport mechanical engineering, in particular, to mechanisms for lifting the load of hoisting machines.

The load lifting mechanism contains a frame, a drive source is an electric motor, a clutch with a shoe brake of a normally closed type, a gearbox, a drum with a rope and a load gripping device in the form of a suspension or a beam, characterized in that it is equipped with a gear differential, a second drum, two belt brakes of the total type wherein the drum shafts are connected to the differential sun gears, the belt brakes are located on the end faces of the drums, the drive levers of which are brought into the crane operator’s cabin, and three eyelets for hanging cargo.

The mechanism provides lifting and lowering of the load as with a shifted center of gravity, and other all kinds of loads without skewing the beam.

Description

The utility model relates to hoisting-and-transport mechanical engineering, in particular, to mechanisms for lifting the load of hoisting machines.

In hoisting cranes, lifting mechanisms are widely used (see Alexandrov MP Hoisting-and-transport machines. - 5th ed. - M: Higher School, 1979. - 558 p. (P. 213)).

The load lifting mechanism contains a frame, the drive source is an electric motor, a clutch with a shoe brake of a normally closed type, a gearbox, a drum with a rope and a load-gripping device in the form of a suspension or traverse.

The disadvantage of this lifting mechanism is that when lifting or lowering loads with a displaced center of gravity, the load is skewed. When the load is skewed, it is difficult or impossible to mount the products on the foundation or frame, there is a danger to the health of slingers and other workers.

To eliminate the skew of the load, there are many solutions framed by patents and utility models, in particular for traverses, which are complex in design and do not provide stable load leveling when lifting and lowering. Since our proposal concerns the lifting mechanism, the well-known lifting mechanism described above was also chosen as a prototype.

The purpose of creating a utility model is to eliminate the skew of goods with a displaced center of gravity, both when lifting and lowering the load, as well as the possibility of lifting goods with an unshifted center of gravity.

The goal is achieved in that in the lifting mechanism, including a frame, an electric motor, a clutch, a shoe brake of a normally closed type, a gearbox, a drum with a rope and a load gripping device, characterized in that the lifting mechanism is equipped with a gear differential, a second drum, two belt brakes of the total type and with a traverse beam, while the drum shafts are connected to the sun gears of the differential, the belt brakes are located on the end faces of the drums, the drive levers (pedals) of which are brought into the cockpit Novice, the traverse is equipped with three eyes for suspension of goods.

Common features of the proposed device with an analogue are the presence of a frame, a drive-electric motor source, a clutch with a shoe brake, a gearbox, a drum with a rope and a load gripping device.

The difference is as follows:

- in the proposed device introduced a gear differential;

- the presence of a second drum;

- the presence of two tape brakes of the total type located at the end ends of the drums;

- the shafts of the drums are connected to the sun gears of the differential;

- the drive levers of the belt brakes are displayed in the crane operator’s cabin.

These differences allow you to raise and lower any loads, both with a displaced center of gravity, lengthy, and loads with an unshifted center of gravity.

In FIG. 1 shows a kinematic diagram of a lifting mechanism; FIG. 2 is a diagram of a tape brake.

The lifting mechanism for a load with a shifted center of gravity (Fig. 1) contains a drive source - an electric motor 1, a clutch 2, a shoe brake 3 of a normally closed type, a gearbox 4, which are placed on the frame (not shown conditionally).

The main gear of the differential 5 is connected to the output shaft of the gearbox 4. The main gear consists of a bevel gear, including a pinion gear 6 with the number of teeth z ₀ and a driven wheel 7 with the number of teeth z ₁ .

On the driven wheel 7, a conical gear housing of a differential gear is mounted, consisting of a pair of satellites 8 and 8 'with the number of teeth Z ₂ . Bevel gears 9 and 9 'with the number of teeth Z ₃ by means of a spline connection are connected with the shafts of the drums 10 and 10'. On the drums 10 and 10 'there are placed ropes 11 and 11', which are connected to the traverse 12, in the center of which an eye 13 is fixed and at the ends of the eye 13 '.

At the ends of the drums 10 and 10 ', tape brakes of the total type 14 and 14' are mounted (Fig. 2). The brake pulleys are made integral with the cylindrical part of the ends of the drums, covered by a brake tape 15, the ends of which are pivotally connected to the lever 16, the hinged joints of the ends of the tape with the lever 16 are located on one side of the rotary joint of the lever. A rod 17 is connected to the end of the lever 16 and pivotally connected to the lever 18. The rod 17 can be made in the form of a rope or a rod and connected to a pressure lever (pedal) 18 located in the crane operator's cabin.

Using a belt total brake allows you to equally well slow down the rotation of one or another drum while rotating it in one or the other direction (when lifting or lowering the load).

The lifting mechanism of the cargo works as follows. The load is suspended from the yoke 12 through the central eye 13 or through two end eyes 13 '.

The motor 1 is turned on, the rotation from which is transmitted through the coupling 2 to the drive shaft of the gearbox 4 and its output shaft, respectively, to the shaft of the drive gear 6 and the differential wheel 7, as well as to the satellites 8 and 8 'and the sun gears 9 and 9'. Since the shafts of the drums 10 and 10 'are connected to the sun gears by means of splined joints, the drums are rotated to raise or lower the load.

When lifting or lowering a load with an unbiased center of gravity, the drums have equal rotation resistance. Torque from the main gear is transmitted to the differential housing, mounted on the driven wheel 7 of the main gear. Together with the housing, rotation is obtained and the satellites 8 and 8 ', which, circling the sun gears, transmit torque to both drums 10 and 10' in equal proportions. Since the satellites on the axes do not rotate, the sun gears 9 and 9 'move with equal angular velocity. The rotational speed of each of the sun gears is equal to the rotational speed of the driven wheel 7 of the main gear. The load rises without skew.

When lifting a load with a displaced center of gravity, the drum from the side of the skew encounters more resistance than the resistance to rotation of the second drum. For example, the sun gear 9 'slows down and causes the satellites 8 and 8' to rotate around its axis, which in turn increase the frequency of rotation of the second sun gear 9 and the drum 10. The differential, by virtue of its design, makes the second sun gear rotate with increasing speed . The skew remains.

To equalize the movement of the load, it is necessary from the leading drum to increase the torque by applying the belt brake by pressing the drive (pedal) lever 18, until the movement of the beam with the load is aligned. This is the so-called "differential lock."

When the process of lifting or lowering the load stops, the power supply motor for the lifting mechanism turns off, synchronously with the engine turning off, the power to the brake shoe magnet is normally closed and the brake pad levers close the brake pulley, the function of which is performed by one of the coupling halves. The load will be securely locked at the required height.

A practical embodiment of the lifting mechanism for loads with a displaced center of gravity.

The manufacture of the device is not difficult and does not require large material costs. Most of the components of the structure are selected from standard, standard elements. These include: an electric motor, a clutch, a brake shoe of a normally closed type (the brake is always closed and only opens for the duration of the mechanism), a gearbox, ropes, a load gripping device, a gear differential from cars, belt brakes. Only a welded-type frame, belt brake levers and drums, the parameters of which depend on the height of the load, are subject to manufacture.

Thus, the proposed lifting mechanism provides lifting and lowering of cargo of any size, with a shifted and not shifted center of gravity without distortions, which increases the operational performance of the mechanism and its safe operation.

Claims (1)

The lifting mechanism for goods with a shifted center of gravity, including a frame, an electric motor, a clutch, a shoe brake of a normally closed type, a gearbox, a drum and a load gripping device, characterized in that it is equipped with a gear differential, a second drum, two belt brakes of the total type, while the shafts the drums are connected to the sun gears of the differential, the belt brakes are located on the end faces of the drums, the drive levers of which are brought into the crane operator’s cabin, the traverse is equipped with three eyes for cargo weight.

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