RU183727U1 - THERMAL CRACKING REACTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to oil refining, in particular to reaction apparatuses used in the processes of thermal cracking and visbreaking of crude oil. The thermal cracking reactor contains two hollow vessels with a connecting pipe connected to the supply lines of the reaction mixture from the tube furnace and equipped with nozzles for supplying and withdrawing the reaction mixture, the first hollow vessel made in the form of a reaction chamber with a nozzle for supplying the reaction mixture from the furnace, located in the upper part of the chamber, the second hollow tank is made in the form of a socking chamber, smaller in height than the first hollow tank, and the connecting pipe communicates the outlet pipe of the reaction chamber with the input nym soaker nozzle chamber, on the connecting line is mounted a pressure reducing pressure control valve. The utility model allows to reduce coke deposition on the walls of the reactor, to simplify the reactor strapping system, to obtain high-quality raw materials for the production of carbon black, 1 FIG.

Description

The utility model relates to oil refining, in particular, to reaction apparatuses used in the processes of thermal cracking and visbreaking of crude oil.

A known reactor for liquid-phase thermal cracking, comprising a housing with lower and upper covers and nozzles for supplying raw materials and removal of thermal cracking products, an inner pipe located motionless coaxially with the housing and installed in the housing with the possibility of extraction from the reactor, in the upper part of which there is a removable pipeline, communicated with a remote pipe with a diameter smaller than the diameter of the inner pipe (RF patent No. 2443752, IPC C10G 9/14, op. 27.02.2012).

The disadvantage of the known reactor is that when you stop the installation for cleaning the reactor (internal devices and housing) from

coke_ deposits there is a need for a long stop

cracking units for this operation, which leads to a decrease in the overall performance of the installation.

The closest to the claimed object in terms of technical nature and the achieved result is a liquid-phase thermal cracking reactor containing two hollow tanks with a connecting pipe connected to the supply line of the reaction mixture from the tubular furnace and equipped with nozzles for supplying and withdrawing the reaction mixture, while the nozzles for supplying the reaction mass are connected between each other with a jumper, and connecting pipelines and jumpers are equipped with switching devices, valves. (Pat. RF utility model No. 174495, IPC C10G 9/14, op. 18.10.2017).

A well-known utility model is aimed at optimizing the operation of the plant during the cleaning of reactors from coke deposits by disconnecting and connecting capacities with switching devices-valves.

However, this method-disconnection-connection does not affect the amount of coke deposition in reactors, especially rapid coke deposition occurs on the walls of the first hollow tank, caused by the rather long residence time of the liquid reaction mass in it, since the vapor-liquid mixture enters the first hollow tank from a furnace with temperatures up to 500 ° C as an upward flow. As a result, a more frequent shutdown of the cracking unit is required to clean the reactor of coke deposits, which, in the end, also leads to a decrease in the operating time and productivity of the thermal cracking unit.

In addition, the known reactor does not allow the production of highly aromatized gas oils from distillate feedstocks.

The proposed utility model is aimed at increasing the performance of a thermal cracking unit while simultaneously producing more aromatized gas oils from distillate feedstocks.

This is achieved by the fact that in a thermal cracking reactor containing two hollow tanks with a connecting pipe connected to the supply lines of the reaction mass from the tube furnace and equipped with nozzles for supplying and discharging the reaction mass, according to the utility model, the first hollow tank is made in the form of a reaction chamber with a nozzle the supply of the reaction mass from the furnace located in the upper part, the second hollow tank is made in the form of a socking chamber, smaller in height than the first hollow tank, and the connecting pipe reports the exit hydrochloric tube reaction chamber to the inlet chamber soaker, while at the connecting line is mounted a pressure reducing pressure control valve.

The supply of the reaction mass with a temperature of up to 510 ° C from the furnace through a pipe located in the upper part of the reaction chamber creates the conditions for the formation of a downward flow of raw materials and, due to a significant reduction in the residence time of the liquid phase in this tank, reduces the degree of coke deposition on its inner surface and, as a result, will allow to increase the non-stop period of the installation.

Placing a pressure reducing valve on the connecting pipe will allow, by controlling the temperature, pressure and residence time of the reaction mass in the first hollow tank, made in the form of a reaction chamber and the second hollow tank, made in the form of a socking chamber, the entire process of thermal cracking.

The attached figure shows the proposed design of a thermal cracking reactor.

The reactor for the thermal cracking of distillate petroleum feed contains a first hollow tank 1, made in the form of a reaction chamber with a downward flow of raw materials, equipped in the upper part with a feed pipe 2, connected to the pipe 3 for supplying the reaction mixture from a tube furnace (not shown ) ,, routed a bare tank in the form of a socking chamber 4 with an upward flow of the reaction mass, equipped with a branch pipe 5 of the reaction mass, connected by a pipe 6 to a high-pressure evaporator (not shown in Fig.). The connecting pipe 7 communicates the outlet pipe 8 of the reaction chamber 1 with the inlet pipe 9 of the socking chamber 4. A pressure reducing valve 10 is installed on the connecting pipe 7.

The reactor operates as follows.

The reaction mass (cracked products of distillate petroleum feed) after heating in a tube furnace (not shown in FIG.) To a temperature of 510 ° C through a pipe 3 connected to the pipe for supplying the reaction mass 2, enters the upper part of the reaction chamber 1 with a downward flow, which undergoes vapor cracking reactions at a temperature of 500 ° C and a pressure of 2.0-2.5 MPa, which is controlled by a pressure reducing valve 10 mounted on the connecting pipe 7. After passing through pressure reducing valve 10, the reaction mass enters an upward sweat eye into the socking chamber 4, in which, due to a decrease in pressure from 2.0-2.5 MPa to 1.5 MPa at a temperature of 465-475 ° C, the optimal residence time of the liquid part of the reaction mass (2-4 min.) milder conditions, due to which there is a liquid-phase polycondensation of hydrocarbons with the formation of the target medium distillate flavored components. Then

the reaction mass thus prepared through the branch pipe 5, connected by a pipe 6, enters a high pressure evaporator (not shown in Fig.) for subsequent separation into vapor and liquid phases.

Thus, the formation of a downward flow in the first hollow vessel-reaction chamber can reduce the residence time of raw materials with high temperature in it, thereby reducing the degree of coke deposition on the walls of the chamber and, as a result, increase the non-stop operation period of the installation.

In addition, the optimization of the thermal cracking process by controlling the temperature, pressure and residence time of the reaction mass in the tanks due to the connecting pipe equipped with a pressure reducing valve allows, by maintaining high temperature and pressure in the first hollow tank-reaction chamber and a directed increase in the depth of conversion of the reaction mass beyond due to lower pressure in the second hollow container-socking chamber, to obtain a more aromatized thermogas oil, which is highly high-quality raw materials for the production of carbon black.

Also, the proposed device of the reactor allows, in comparison with the prototype, to remove the gate valves of the tanks and thereby simplify the piping system of the reactor.

Claims (1)

A thermal cracking reactor containing two hollow tanks with a connecting pipe connected to the reaction mass supply lines from the tubular furnace and provided with nozzles for supplying and discharging the reaction mass, characterized in that the first hollow tank is made in the form of a reaction chamber with a pipe for supplying the reaction mass from the furnace, placed in the upper part of the chamber, the second hollow tank is made in the form of a socking chamber, smaller in height than the first hollow tank, and the connecting pipe communicates the outlet pipe of the reaction a chamber with an inlet pipe of a socking chamber, while a pressure reducing valve is installed on the connecting pipe.

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