RU1831518C - Electrolyzer for producing of aluminium - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/CH88/00131 Sec. 371 Date May 19, 1989 Sec. 102(e) Date May 19, 1989 PCT Filed Jul. 28, 1988 PCT Pub. No. WO89/01061 PCT Pub. Date Feb. 9, 1989.An electrolytic furnace comprises refractory concrete elements (1) which are loosely mounted on rails (6) arranged in a tank (6) and which support carbon elements (2) and metal bars (3). The refractory concrete elements (1) on the one hand and the carbon elements (2) and the metal bars on the other are assembled by the action of compression springs (7 and 8) which press against floating plates (12) held laterally by adjustable screws (10) mounted at the threaded ends of rods (9).

Description

The invention relates to non-ferrous metallurgy, in particular to devices for the electrolytic production of aluminum.

The purpose of the invention is to prevent cracking during thermal expansion of the cell.

Figure 1 shows the electrolyzer in which the blocks of refractory concrete 1 are located next to each other on the support rails 5. The rails are mounted in the bath 6. The blocks of refractory concrete 1 are pressed against each other by springs that act against each other against external the walls of two blocks of refractory concrete 1, which are located on each edge of the electrolyzer and against the floating plates 12. The floating plates are held laterally by nuts 10, which interact with the rods 9, which intersect the elements of refractory concrete 1 through and through. Carbon elements

2 are mounted on elements of refractory concrete 1 and on conductive metal bars 3. Elements of carbon 2 and metal bars 3 are pressed against each other by pressure of springs 8. which act against each other against floating plates 12 and pushers 11. Pushers 11 act on carbon elements. Insulation 4 is placed between the bath 6 and the elements of refractory concrete 1.

In FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a furnace. The rails 5 are placed in the bath 6. Insulation 4 fills the free spaces between the concrete elements 1. bath 6 and the rails 5. Metal bars 3 extend along the entire width of the furnace. Holes are made for the rods 9 to pass through the walls of the concrete elements 1.

On Fig, 3 shows a system for assembling elements of refractory concrete 1. Rods

de aa &

9, at the ends of which there is a thread, freely pass through the elements of refractory concrete 1 and the wall of the bath 6. Nuts

10 are mounted in conjunction with the threads of the rods 9 and support the floating plates 12 in the lateral direction. Compression springs 7 are mounted floating on the rods 9 between the floating plates 12 and the bushings 13 mounted floating on the rods 9. The bushings 13 abut against the lateral outer walls of the elements 1. When screwing the nuts 10, the floating plates 12 are pushed inward, as a result of which the springs 7 by means of sleeves 13 are pressed against elements of or -resistant concrete.

The pressure of the assembly of elements made of or-non-resistant concrete 1 is controlled by shifting the nuts 10 so that the spring 7 is more or less shrunk. The springs 7 can be mounted, on the outside of the plate 12, between the plate and nuts 10.

Fig. 4 shows a system for assembling carbon elements 2 and conductive metal bars 3. The push rods 11 are mounted so that they slide in the lateral outer walls of the refractory concrete elements 1 and in the floating plates 12. The inner ends of the push rods 11 act on the outer the side walls of the elements are made of carbon 2. Compression springs 8 are installed between the floating plates 12 and the flanges of the pushing rods 11. When the plates 12 are shifted inward by the tightening of the nuts 10, both the springs 3 are compressed and springs 7. The push rods 1-1 are equipped with tightening nuts mounted at their ends, while the compression springs 8 are thus located on the outside of the plate 12 between the plate and the nuts.

The assembly of elements from carbon 2 and metal bars 3 is carried out by the pressure of the push rods

11 onto the outer side walls of the carbon 2 elements. This pressure holds the carbon 2 elements on the side near the metal bars 3 and ensures full electrical contact. Pressure providing contact between horizontal sides of metal beams

3 and elements of carbon 2, is achieved by the weight of the elements of carbon 2, which are mounted on metal bars 3.

In FIG. 5 shows the floating plate 12 and the lateral position of the rods 9, nuts 10 and push rods 11.

There are many embodiments of furnaces. In particular, refractory concrete elements may not be placed on rails, but on any other supports, provided that these supports allow them to slide or, which is equivalent, for example, to roll along and / or to the side. The presence of a bath in which the supports are located is not necessary; the latter can be installed directly on the floor.

In a simplified embodiment, the rods 9 for assembling the elements from refractory concrete may also be mounted outside the said elements and not intersect them.

Claims (6)

1. An electrolytic cell for producing aluminum, comprising an anode device and a cathode device with elastic elements, a cathode casing, a bath of refractory material located on a support, and a layer of heat insulation between the casing and the bath, the inner surface of the bottom of the bath being covered with cathode carbon blocks mounted in metal conductive rods, characterized in that, in order to prevent cracking during thermal expansion of the electrolyzer, the elastic elements are made in the form of rods, located parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cell, with floating plates, pushers resting on the outer walls of the bath and with nuts at both ends of the rods, the bath made of separate concrete blocks, and at least one of the ends of each rod made with a spring located between the plunger and floating plate. 2. The electrolyzer according to claim 1, with the exception that, in order to improve electrical contact in the carbon blocks, it is equipped with additional rods located parallel to the longitudinal axis through both end walls of the bath with one stop the end of each rod into cathode blocks, and the springs are located between the floating plate and the flange made on the rod. 3. The electrolyzer according to paragraphs. 1 and 2, with the fact that the insulating layer is made of a flexible synthetic sponge. 4. The electrolyzer according to claim 1, with the fact that it contains a self-burning anode. 5. The electrolyzer according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a calcined anode. 6. The electrolyzer according to claim 1, which is distinguished by the fact that the support is made of rails. G 4 ± Ј535Ж $ K 1 T W  ///; / zsz //// s S / 777s /. % 44 . Y //// Y // Y /,  //// A / ST // -J g w p / J / / ALREADY g l / I l ± hours . % 44 . Y //// Y // Y /,  //// A / ST //;      .v-iT -: - -r i: N- -: v Г 6 ft / .1 Aa h I h (re / g. 2 ff-ff I l / I AM( % b7Z / yZ7 / 7s Fig.Z Avg / s.5 yr