RU1814023C - Heat transfer apparatus (options) - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to heat transfer technology and can be used in various industries.

The purpose of the invention is the intensification of heat transfer on the outer surface of the pipes and increase the heat transfer ability of the device.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a heat transfer device (in both versions); figure 2 - annular chamber.

The heat transfer device comprises an evaporator 1, a condenser 2 and a condensate cooler 3 filled with an intermediate heat carrier, made in the form of bundles of smooth or ribbed pipes 4, 5 and 6, respectively. The upper and lower ends of pipes 4-6 in each bundle are led into steam 7 (for the evaporator) and 8 (for the condenser) and liquid 9 (for the evaporator), 10

(for capacitor). 11 and 12 (for condensate cooler), collectors. The evaporator 1, condenser 2, condensate cooler 3 through collectors 7-12 are interconnected by steam pipelines 13, condensate pipelines 14 and 15, pipe 16, forming an internal circulation circuit with an intermediate coolant.

A circulation pump 17 can be installed on the condensate line 15. A path (pipeline) 18 is provided for filling the internal circulation circuit 18. Valves and valves (gauges, level indicators, etc.) necessary for the operation of the internal circulation circuit e.) not shown.

According to the first embodiment of the heat transfer device, ring pipes are installed on all pipes 4-6 in the zones of their collectors 7-12

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chambers 19 (above the pipes) and 20 (below the pipes). The upper chambers 19, the open ends of the pipes 4-6, are made with holes 21 in the bottom wall and are connected by pipes 22 between themselves (of separable: for each pipe bundle 1-3) and pipes 23 with valves 24 respectively steam manifolds 7 and 8 and a condensate manifold 11. The annular chambers 19 on the condensate cooler tubes 3 can be connected instead of the manifold 11 to the manifold 8 or 7 (the connection in Fig. 1 is shown by a dashed line). Similarly, the lower chambers 20, located at the lower ends of the pipes 4-6 of bundles 1-3, have openings 21 in their upper walls and are connected by pipelines 22 to each other (separately; for each bundle) and pipe pipelines 24 cootBetcfBeHrtd with

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liquid collectors 9, 10, 12. As a result, under the VHF VHF, connect with N ОкмкиуЛЦпШ JijiHi-i :: q te o “l; i

battle of the listed element, rv formed external 1st | e ul qy (:) new rings in the heat transfer | cem device. The number of external 1-ring 6-ring 1X rings corresponds to the number of bundles in pipes 1–3, and they are connected to the intermediate heat transfer medium with the internal circulation circuit and with each other, forming an external circulation circuit. According to the second variant, the heat transfer device, in addition to the above-mentioned elements 1-25, contains three auxiliary heat exchange elements 26-28 (according to the number of main tube bundles), which are made in the form of bundles of heat exchange tubes 29-31, respectively. The upper ends of the heat exchanger tubes are connected by steam collectors 32-34, and their lower ends are interconnected by collectors 35-37, respectively. On the pipes 4 of the evaporator 1, the pipes 5 of the condenser 2 and the pipes 6 of the condenser cooler 3, annular chambers 19 (at the upper; pipe ends) and 20 (at the lower pipe ends) with holes 21 in the lower one are installed in the zones of their collectors 7-12 wall (for upper chambers 19) and in the upper wall {for lower chambers 20). The upper annular chambers 19 in each zone are connected by pipelines 22 to each other (separately for each bundle of pipes 1-3) and pipelines 38 to steam manifolds 32-34 (separately for each heat exchange element). Similarly, the lower chambers 20 are connected by pipelines 22 to each other (for each tube bundle) and pipelines 39 to liquid collectors 35-37 (for each heat exchange element). Valves 24 are installed on pipelines 38 and 3§. As a result of such a connection of the above elements to each other, external independent circulation circuits are formed, each of which is filled with its own coolant. In this case, the coolants of the external circuits may differ from each other

coolant of the internal circulation circuit. 40-42 circulation pumps are installed on the external circulation circuits, and pipelines 43-45 s are laid to make up for condensate leaks.

locking devices 46.

Figure 2 shows the design of the annular chamber 19, located at the upper end of the pipe 5 in the tube bundle of the condenser 2 in the zone of the collector 8. In the lower wall 47

the chambers 19 are made holes 21 around the pipe 5, the Chamber is made, for example, of plastic and is fitted with a bent (down or up) upper wall 48 of the pipe 5. Similarly executed and arranged

annular chambers 19 at the upper ends of all

 pipes 4, 5, 6 tube bundles 1-3 in their area

collectors 7, 8, 11. Annular chambers 19

interconnected by pipelines

22, and by pipelines 23 and 38 they are connected with

collectors 7, 8, 11 beams 1-3 and with collectors 32-34 auxiliary heat exchange elements 26-28.

Annular chambers 20 located at the lower ends of the tubes 4, 5, 6 of the tube bundles

1-3 in the zone of the collectors 9-12, have a similar design. The difference is that the holes 21 around the pipes are made in the upper wall of the chambers, and they are planted on the pipes by the lower walls. This embodiment of the annular chambers 19 and 20 is the same for both versions of the device. In the operating state of the device (after welding, filling with intermediate heat transfer fluids and adjustment), auxiliary heat exchange elements 26-28 and the evaporator 1 are placed in the flow of a heating (cooled) heat transfer fluid / with a heat exchange element 26 located in its inlet (more heated), in the middle

part (less heated) - the evaporator 1 and in the output part (chilled) - heat exchange elements 27, 28. The latter can also be located in the inlet and middle zones. Condenser 2 and condensate cooler 3 are placed in a stream of cold (heated) coolant (for example, air); in its outlet zone (after heating), heat-exchange elements 27, 28 can also be placed.

5 The heat transfer device (in the general part for both variants) operates as follows (see Figure 1). In the evaporator 1 (in its pipes 4), the intermediate heat carrier, taking heat from the heating stream, evaporates; vapor from the evaporator through the collector 7 through the steam line 13 enters the collector 8, then in the pipes 5 of the condenser 1 it condenses, giving off heat to the heated stream. From the collector 10, the condensate flows through the condensate conduit 14 to the collector 11, is distributed through the pipes of the cooler 3, in which it gives off heat to the heated stream, and an additional decrease in the temperature of the condensate occurs. From the cooler 3 through the collector 12 through the condensate conduit 15, condensate due to natural circulation (if necessary, using the pump 17) enters the collector 9, from where it is distributed through the pipes 4 of the evaporator 1, in which it is re-evaporated due to the heat of the heating stream. Pipeline 16 runs off condensate from collector 7 to collector 1-1.

According to the first embodiment of the invention, from the internal circulation circuit with the main intermediate coolant, part of it through the collectors 7, 8 and 11 enters through pipelines 23 with valves 24 into the upper annular chambers 19 in the upper parts of pipes 4, 5, 6 of tube bundles 1-2 " From these chambers, through the openings 21, a vaporous (or more heated liquid) intermediate coolant enters the outer surfaces of pipes 4-6, boils on them (under certain conditions), then condenses and cools on them when interacting with heating and heated sweat windows, as a result of which the external heat transfer is intensified. After draining from the outside through pipes 4-6. The condensate is trapped through the openings 21 by the lower chambers 20 and then through the pipes 25 through the valves 24 it enters the collectors 9-12, and from them it is distributed through the pipes 4-6 of the tube bundles 1-3. Replenishment of heat loss is carried out through the pipe 18.

According to a second embodiment of the invention, an internal circulation circuit with a primary heat transfer medium (its operation is described above) and three external circulation circuits, each of which is filled with a separate heat transfer medium, are simultaneously involved in the operation of the heat transfer device °.

In the external circulation circuits, two-phase (or single-phase) intermediate heat carriers circulate, the intensity of which depends on the magnitude of the heat load (small, medium, large). Intermediate heat carriers (in the form of a liquid, or vapor-liquid mixture) in more heated pipes 29-31 auxiliary heat exchange elements 26-28

they move from bottom to top (each in its own circuit), while in the upper parts of these pipes and in steam manifolds 32-34 moist saturated steam is formed (with a low degree of dryness). Saturated steam (or boiling liquid) from the collectors 32-34 through pipelines 38 enters the upper annular chambers 19, from where it flows through the openings 21 in their lower walls 47

0 in the form of drops, streams, or a film of liquid along the outer (less heated) surfaces of pipes 4–6 bundles 1–3, respectively. Then the liquid through the similar holes 21 in the upper walls 48 of the lower

5 annular chambers 20 enters these chambers, through pipelines 39 through valves 24 it is directed to liquid manifolds 35-37, respectively, from which heat-exchange elements 26-28 are distributed through pipes 29-31. As a result of the interaction of flowing condensate and heating (for evaporator 1) or heated (for condenser 2 and condensate cooler 3) flows on the outside

5 of the pipe surface, heat transfer is accelerated in the evaporator 1, condenser 2 and condensate cooler Z.

In the external circulation circuits of the device, both natural (due to the difference in densities) and artificial (due to pumps or ejectors 40-42) circulation of intermediate heat carriers can occur. Replenishment of leaks of intermediate coolants is carried out along paths 43-45,

In both embodiments, due to

To accelerate heat transfer on the outer surface of pipes 4-6, heat transfer from the evaporator 1 to the condenser 2 and cooler 3 is improved by the intermediate heat transfer medium along the internal circulation circuit. AT

5, as a result of intensification of all components of heat transfer (both from the outside of pipes 4-6 and in the internal circulation circuit), the heat transfer capacity of the device increases. View and

0 the parameters of the intermediate heat carriers, as well as the nature of the circulation in the circuits, depend on the heat flux from the gases to the heating surfaces (main tube bundles, auxiliary heat transfer elements).

Claims (2)

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 1. A heat transfer device comprising an evaporator filled with an intermediate heat carrier, a condenser and a condensate cooler made in the form of bundles of pipes, the upper and lower ends of which are combined by steam and liquid collectors connected between by means of steam and condensate pipelines with the formation of an internal circulation circuit, characterized in that, in order to intensify heat transfer on the outer surface of the pipes and increase the heat transfer capacity, annular chambers are installed on all pipes in the zones where the collectors are located and with the corresponding collector through pipelines with valves with the formation of an external circulation circuit, while the chambers located at the upper ends of the pipes are made from the hole and a bottom wall, a chamber disposed at the lower end, - with openings in the top wall. 2. A heat transfer device comprising an evaporator, condenser and condensate cooler filled with an intermediate heat carrier, made in the form of bundles of pipes, the upper and lower ends of which are combined by steam and liquid collectors interconnected by steam and condensate pipelines with the formation of an internal circulation circuit, characterized in that, in order to intensify heat transfer on the outer surface of the pipes and increase heat transfer ability devices, the latter contains three auxiliary heat-exchange elements filled with individual intermediate heat carriers and made in the form of bundles of heat-exchange pipes, the upper and the lower ends of which are combined by steam and liquid collectors, respectively, while annular-shaped chambers are installed on the pipes of the evaporator, condenser and cooler in the zones of their collectors, connected in each zone to each other and to the collectors of auxiliary heat-exchange elements with the formation of external independent circulation circuits for each heat carrier, moreover, the chambers located at the upper ends of the pipes are made with holes in the bottom wall and are connected to steam manifolds, and the chambers located at the lower ends of the pipes, have holes in the upper wall and are connected to liquid manifolds. 4 7 19 I 24 23 24 33 30 13 23 3824