RU1813580C - Cyclone dust separator - Google Patents

Abstract

Use: for cleaning dusty air. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION: an additional outlet pipe 6 is installed in the exhaust pipe 3 of the cyclone, a cut of which is located below the edge of the exhaust pipe at a distance H 0.2-2.6 Oz, where D4 is the diameter of the cyclone. 7 c., 7 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the building materials industry for the purification of dusty air in the production of building materials, including expanded clay gravel, and can be used in the coal, metallurgical, chemical, woodworking industries and in agriculture.

An object of the invention is to increase the dust cleaning efficiency of a dusty gas.

The goal is achieved by the fact that an additional pipe is installed inside the exhaust pipe below its edge, at a length of H 0.2. ”2, b of the diameter of the cyclone, the length of the additional pipe is regulated (installation) by building up its upper part with pipes, a bell is installed at the lower end of the additional pipe , in the cylindrical section of the cyclone body above the exhaust pipe edge, slots or annular gaps are formed, formed by conical rings to meet the rotating flow of dusty air, and an additional body is made outside the body, co sweeping through an annular gap with a hopper, annular gaps are formed by cylindrical rings mounted on the conical exit of the cyclone, an adjustable valve is installed on the cyclone body behind the inlet nozzles, and an adjustable damper is mounted in the inlet of the cyclone.

The installation of an additional pipe with the possibility of adjusting its length ensures that the cut of the pipe or its socket is adjusted to the most rational position, which ensures the most efficient capture of the central dusty vortex flow, which increases the gas cleaning efficiency by re-cleaning the trapped vortex stream.

Making slits or annular gaps on the cylindrical part of the cyclone body will ensure the suction of part of the most dusty (10-25%) cyclone gas stream through the annular gaps and dust separation from the stream with its deposition in the hopper at minimum gas velocities in the interbody space, which increases the efficiency gas purification.

The implementation of annular gaps in the upper part of the conical exit of the cyclone above the edge of the additional pipe or the edge of the socket will ensure the capture of dust cyclized onto the surface of the cyclone body due to suction of a portion (10-25%) of dusty gas with dust deposition in the hopper at minimum gas velocities, than

dust extraction efficiency is increased.

The installation of an adjustable shutter on the cyclone body at the outlet of the inlet nozzle allows controlling the swirling speed of the dusty air flow at the inlet of the cyclone, which ensures the most efficient dust separation.

Installing an adjustable shutter

the inlet nozzle provides gas velocity control and tuning to the most efficient dust separation mode, which also simplifies the design of the tuning control system.

The trimming of the additional pipe at a distance of H - less than 0.2 of the diameter of the cyclone leads to a sharp increase in resistance at the entrance to the exhaust pipe, which leads to an increase in energy costs

and deteriorating dust separation efficiency. The trimming of the additional pipe at a distance of H - more than 2.6 diameters of the cyclone eliminates the capture of the vortex formed by the additional tube

conical gathering, which degrades the efficiency of dust separation.

Figure 1 shows a cyclone, General view; Figures 2 and 3 show cyclone embodiments; in Fig.4 and 5 - sections aa in Fig.Z,

options; on figb and 7 shows the regulation of the length of the pipe.

The cyclone contains a HOUSING 1 with an inlet pipe 2, an exhaust pipe 3 connected, if necessary, through a snail 4 s

end smoke exhaust 5. Coaxially to the pipe 3 inside it is installed an additional pipe 6 with a socket 7 or without it. Ipyba b is connected through a scroll 8 to a recirculation fan 9 to return dusty air to the cyclone to repeat cleaning. In order to increase the cleaning efficiency of the recirculated air, the fan draws air through an additional filter 10, for example, a cyclone or an electrostatic precipitator, of significantly smaller sizes, since the recirculated air flow accounts for 15-30% of the total amount of air cleaned in the cyclone. Settled in the filter 10, dust through the pipe 11 is poured into

the bunker 12 of the cyclone. In order to increase the efficiency of dust separation, annular slots 13 are made in the cyclone body 1, which are vertical or inclined at an angle of 15-45 to the cylinder generatrix or in the form of conical rings with a cone angle at an apex of 20-90 °. Alternatively, the slots 13 can be made on the upper part of the conical exit of the cyclone above the edge of the pipe 6 or socket 7, while the slots can be

made in the form of cylindrical rings

14. Around the casing 1, an additional casing 15 is made, passing at the bottom to the hopper 12, while a diffuser 16 is made on the lower part outside the conical exit of the casing 1. A cavity 17 is made between the casing 1 and 15, communicating with the hopper 12. For the purpose to control the swirl speed of the dusty air flow at the inlet of the cyclone, an adjustable damper 18 with or without an actuator is installed on its body. An adjustable damper 19 can be installed in the inlet pipe 2, which simplifies the design and the circuit for controlling the gas velocity at the inlet of the cyclone with minimal hydraulic losses. An emergency lamp 20 is installed in the lower part of the hopper 20. The length of the additional pipe 6 relative to the exhaust pipe 3 is adjusted by building it up, installing pipes 21 and 22 with trunnions 23 and cutouts 24. Similar trunnions are made on the pipe 6 and cutouts on the pipe 22, the last one comes with the possibility of movement into the pipe 25, which communicates with the fan 9. The raising or lowering of the pipe 6 with the nozzles 21 and 22 is carried out either by screws 26, or by any known mechanism. In the exit sheets of the pipe 6 from the cochlea 4 and the pipe 22 from the pipe 25, corresponding seals are installed.

The work of the cyclone.

The dusty air sucked out by the fan 5 through the cyclone is twisted by a tangentially located nozzle 2. The damper 18, located at the inlet in the cyclone body 1, controls the swirling speed of the dusty air stream. Dust contained in the air is thrown to the surface of the cyclone by inertia, rotating with a stream of air, it is lowered and discharged through the outlet in the conical exit of the cyclone into the hopper 12. The vortex captures the vortex in the exhaust pipe 3 and in the additional pipe 6 the dust that has not settled in the hopper 12 and in the conical ramp of the cyclone and raises it, while the dust is concentrated by the forces of the air being sucked into the vortex in the center of the vortex.

The central part of the vortices in the volume of 20-30% of the total flow is sucked into the pipe 6 and the fan 9 is fed into the cyclone for re-cleaning with the dusty air-gas coming back to the cleaning.

Alternatively, an additional filter 10 is installed in front of the fan 9 in the form of a cyclone or an electrostatic precipitator. In the latter case, the dust particles not charged in the filter, entering the cyclone for cleaning, coagulate with the newly introduced dust, settle in the hopper 12, thereby increasing the cleaning efficiency. The dust settled in the filter 10 through the pipe 11 enters the hopper 12. The air cleaned in the cyclone 5 through the exhaust pipe 3 is sucked out by the fan 5 and emitted into the atmosphere.

Since an additional rarefaction is created in the lower part of the cyclone below the cut-off of the additional pipe b or in the raster 0 ba 7, a corresponding vacuum is created in the cavity 17 between the bodies 1 and 15, the latter provides the suction of 10-20% of dusty air through the annular cuts5 into the internal cavity 17, where the dust cyclones onto the walls of the housing 15 and settles in the hopper 12 at significantly lower speeds.

Formed at the bottom of the cyclone

0, the vortex captures dust that has not settled in the bunker 12 and in the conical ramp of the cyclone, which is concentrated in the center of the vortex and is sucked into the pipe 6, through the filter 10 by the fan .9 is fed back into the cyclone.

5 The distance of the cut of the pipe 6 or socket 7 from the cut of the conical exit of the cyclone determines the amount of dusty air-gas to be sucked in through the annular gaps, the latter allows

0 setting the cyclone to the most efficient mode. This distance is controlled by the installation or removal of the nozzles 21 from the pipe 6, the dust settled in the hopper 12 is discharged through the flasher 20.

5 The use of the proposed cyclone will increase the degree of gas purification from dust to 95% and higher, increase its reliability and cleaning efficiency. Formulas a and acquisitions

0 .1. A cyclone for cleaning dusty gases, comprising a cylindrical-conical housing, a tangential inlet pipe, an axial exhaust pipe and an additional exhaust pipe installed therein, with the exception that, in order to increase the efficiency of the dust separation process, an additional pipe cut is placed at a distance below the exhaust pipe cut-out nii 0.2-2.6 diameter of the cyclone,

0 2. The cyclone according to claim 1, with the aim that, in order to ensure regulation of the operating mode of the cyclone and to increase the efficiency of the dust separation process, the additional pipe is made up of integral pipes and is adjustable in length.

3. The cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the additional pipe is made in the form of a bell.

4. The cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that on the cylindrical part of the housing

above the edge of the exhaust pipe, slots are made with an angle of inclination to the generatrix of 15-45 °.

5. A cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that on the cylindrical part of the body above the edge of the exhaust pipe there are made annular channels formed by conical rings with an angle at the vertices of 20-90 °.

6. The cyclone according to claim 1, characterized in that slots are made on the conical part of the housing, either vertically or with an angle of inclination to the generatrix of 15-45 °.

7. The cyclone according to claim 1, with respect to the fact that annular channels formed by cylindrical rings are made on the conical part of the housing.

8. The cyclone according to claim 1, with the exception that a rotary damper or gate is installed in the inlet pipe.

FIG. 2

08SC181