RU1798531C - River-channel hydroelectric power plant - Google Patents

Description

hydrodynamic formation (whirlpool) ..

The guiding structural elements form two., Concentrating the energy of the node’s water flow: vertical, made in the form of a Venturi pipe, congruently repeating the architecture of the vortex downward flow, and horizontal, made in the form of an expanding truncated cone (bell). The wide end of the cone is facing the flow, and the narrow end is directed to the upper peripheral part of the chamber and orientates the water flow tangentially to the circles forming the chamber.

The vertical chamber is equipped with a knee-shaped outlet pipe at the bottom, and a mounting ring with a hydraulic unit mounted on it is installed in its upper part. Moreover, the vertical axis of the hydraulic unit coincides with the vertical axis of the downward flow. The electric part of the hydraulic unit (generator) is attached to the mounting ring above the water level, and the blade part (turbine) is located in the central narrow part of the chamber, in the zone of maximum hydrodynamic efficiency.

In order to maximize the concentration of kinematic energy of the water stream, a wide part of the inlet pipe is extended along its generators by installing in the channel towards the flow two additional hydrodynamic screens, shields, slightly deflected vertically to the shore. . ...

All elements of the structure, excluding the electrical part of the hydraulic unit, are installed in the channel in such a way that their upper edges protrude from the average level of the water surface of the river. Moreover, the inlet pipe itself, the chamber, the knee-shaped outlet pipe and the mounting ring are made of durable structural materials, and the elements (sections) of the hydrodynamic screens are made of concrete or durable synthetic polymeric materials.

The fixation in the riverbed of the complex inlet pipe - chamber-knee-shaped outlet pipe is provided with float and root systems. Moreover, the immersion depth of the complex (low water, ice drift) is regulated by the level of ballast water in the float system, and the electrical part of the hydraulic unit is made in a waterproof, sealed version and is able to temporarily function in the submerged state under water during ice drift ...

Hydrodynamic shields - screens are installed at the bottom by means of widened soles (foundation plates - gutters) and are equipped with slopes. Moreover, each section of the screen consists of a small upper and a large lower half, and a small upper part is attached to the lower one by pins and can be dismantled; under the cut of water during freezing.

Communication with coastal consumers is carried out by the bottom cable, the structure is equipped with signal navigation buoys, barrage filtering elements (grids) installed before the flow inlet to the inlet pipe, instrumentation and automation equipment.

The knee-shaped outlet pipe orientates the outlet stream in the direction of the natural flow of the river with a slight angular deviation upward vertically, and in the adjacent sector of the river bed, bottom-fixing elements are mounted. Across a convenient forwarding

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The installation is not performed on one of the hydrodynamic objects, in the order of

obstructing navigation and other operations in the forwarder, and lower and upstream of the river, this complex of hydraulic structures is likewise replicated in the amount necessary for the needs of the region:

In FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hydrodynamic structure, side view; in FIG. 2 - the same, top view.

5 Examples of specific performance.

The proposed hydrodynamic structure (Fig. 1-2) is installed in the channel 1 of the river having a minimum allowable flow, capable of after its concentration

0 to provide hydrodynamic conversion (conversion). In the upper reaches of wide, but shallow rivers (the depth of the channel), prior to installation of the structure, it is advisable to preliminarily conduct a small dredging complex in the area of direct operation of the structure. Actually, the hydrodynamic structure consists of guiding structural elements, which are installed mainly in a deep place of the river and create an artificially organized vortex hydrodynamic formation in the area of operation of the hydraulic unit 2 - a whirlpool. Constructive elements about.

5 develop two energy-concentrating water and water flows of the assembly: a vertical chamber 3, made in the form of a venturi, congruently repeating the architecture of a whirling downward flow (whirlpool) and a horizontal one, an inlet pipe 4. made

in the form of an expanding truncated cone. The wide end of the nozzle 4 is facing the flow, and the narrow open end is directed to the upper peripheral part of the chamber 3 and orientes the water flow along the tangent. To form a circle diffuser. The chamber 3, in order to optimize the flow movement, is provided with a bend-shaped outlet pipe 5 at the bottom adjacent to the chamber 3. In the upper part of the chamber 3, a mounting ring b is mounted, which serves to strengthen the structure and to be mounted on the brackets 7 of the hydraulic unit 2. The chamber 3c is connected with a ring b and branch 5, depending on the type (size) of the structure, can be made detachable and one-piece (welded). The vertical axis of the hydraulic unit coincides with the vertical axis of the downward flow. The electric part 8 of the hydraulic unit 2 is attached (detachable bolted connection) to the mounting ring b above the average water level in the above-water position, and the blade part (turbine) 9 is located in the central narrow part of the chamber 3, in the zone of maximum hydrodynamic efficiency. The elongated shaft 1.0 mechanically connects the electrical and blade part 9. The rest of the design of the hydraulic unit 2 is typical. For the purpose of maximizing the concentration of kinematic energy of the water flow, the wide part of the nozzle 4 is extended along its horizontal generators by installing two additional hydrodynamic shield panels 11. slightly hydrodynamic screens 11 are installed directly on the river bottom taking into account its profile on special reinforced (concrete) broadened soles 12 in the form of foundation plates - gutters with a narrow slot for inserting the screen. In a vertical section, the sole 12 is inverted 180 °. T-shaped with a slot along the axis of symmetry.

The hydrodynamic screen r is a prefabricated structure consisting of several individual sections, each unit section of the screen consisting of two parts: a lower part fixed in the joystick and a mobile (easily dismountable) upper part. Mounting (dismantling) of the upper part of the section to the lower is provided by the classic pin connection, similar to that used in easily removable building structures (scaffolding). The lower part of each section in height (vertical) is larger than the upper. The size of the top of the section is determined individually for

of each river, taking into account the climatic and geographical factor, so that in winter at any maximum ice thickness the upper edge of the lower fixed 5 part of the section is constantly in the water and cannot be frozen into the ice massif, i.e. accident-free winter condition is provided. spring (ice drift) construction work. On the rivers of the southern zone,

10 ice drift on which is not a complicating factor, the sections of the hydrodynamic screen are made in one piece. The sections of both (left, right) screens are slightly inclined (up to 70 °) from

15 vertical axis to the coast of the same name. This; the collapse of the hydrodynamic screens provides their greater stability, which is supported by inclined (45 °) slopes 13 ,. resting on the bottom through 0 foundation shoe. The number of slopes is differentiated by the hydrodynamic regime of the river: its depth, flow velocity, and bottom profile. In general, the frequency of installation of slopes 13 increases proportionally

5 increase in hydrodynamic load: the frequency increases with the flow approaching the cone 4. The material of the screens - the most affordable for the industry in this area - durable, polymer synthetic plates,

0- concrete assortments, metal LMS: you, wood panels, etc. The choice depends

on the nature of the hydrological regime of the river

and district capabilities. Anyway

material should provide reliability and

5 durability with minimal capital outlay.

Fixing cone - diffuser - elbow-shaped branch in the river channel

0. It is also oriented towards the real hydrological regime and climatic and geographical conditions. . . .

The operability of the structure depends on these mode changes. For two

Of the 5 possible designs (south-north), the most rational solution is to fix the issue of securing with the device 14 cb and float 15 systems. Each system 14, 15 contains several

0 homogeneous elements that hold the structure in the given optimal coordinates. The float design provides the ability to flexibly vary the degree of immersion; structures depending on the complications of the hydrological regime (leash, ice drift, timber rafting, etc.). The float device is simple and allows you to adjust the immersion parameters by changing the amount of ballast water. The elements of the float system are equipped with special hermetically sealed openings (kingstones) for controlling this operation from the shore or from the surface means (chamber). The device of the root system 14 is typical and includes well-known elements - a cable and measles (ballast weight) located at the bottom of the river at different points. The length of the cable can be adjusted with a device similar to a winch. The material from which the nozzles, chamber, and mounting ring are made is steel or high strength concrete. For small rivers, all elements can be mounted ashore and poured with concrete in a complex that makes up a single structural: whole. For rivers of medium size, a soybean of more than overarching size will be rationally larger than a larger structure assembled from separate large elements using bolted joints, riveting or welding.

The hydrodynamic structure is held by the float 15 and root systems in such a way that the upper edges of the cone and diffuser protrude somewhat from the water and provide visual control over the condition and operation of the structure. The structure is equipped with signal navigation buoys.

Directly, the bottom section under the construction, if necessary (wide channel, shallow depth), deepens and in all cases of operation is strengthened from erosion by concrete slabs. Intensive erosion of the bottom is also prevented by the orientation of the elbow-shaped branch pipe: the outlet stream is oriented not along the bottom, but several (10-20 °) up in the direction of the river flow.

The hydrodynamic structure is characterized in that several (series) of the same type of installations are installed across the river channel in order to prevent navigation and other economic operations in the river. Upstream and downstream, this series of hydraulic structures can be similarly replicated in other convenient sections of the channel, i.e. linked to a system of small hydrodynamic structures to power the needs of a district or small town.

The hydrodynamic structure contains a traditional environmental complex, including barrage elements (gratings, nets) to preserve fish juveniles. They are mounted in the alignment of the hydrodynamic screens in front of the cone. Typical performance.

The electric part 8 of the hydraulic unit has a moisture-proof hermetic design and is able to ensure the functioning of the unit when it is fully forced. immersion together with the entire complex (cone - chamber) deeper into the water for a short period of ice drift or a longer period of ice formation.

The power of the hydraulic unit is transmitted by the shore consumers to the bottom of the power cable. Together with power cable

0 mounted communications installed at the construction of control and automation devices. Typical execution (not indicated in the drawing).

If necessary (sudden changes

5 of the river level) intermediate elements of the adapter are installed between the housing 4 and the screen 1. Their purpose is to isolate the possible flows between the edges of the cone and the screen, i.e. optimization of the hydrodynamic mode 0 at the flow inlet to the cone: The meaning of their installation is from the circuit. :

The work of the proposed hydrodynamic structure is based on the classical laws of hydrodynamics and technically implements the whirlpool effect. Hydraulics know that the dynamic parameters of such natural formations are very large and the degree of concentration of flow energy in them approaches theoretical

0 optimum / Scattered hydraulic flows of small rivers make irrational avg. weapons on them hydrostatically) objects (dams). This technical solution partially eliminates this drawback; Job

5 of the proposed hydrodynamic structure is very simple. First, the scattered visible flow is concentrated by hydrodynamic screens 11, then the degree of concentration, which can be multiply

0 characterized as the flow velocity, amplifies in the cone 4. From the cone, the accelerated hydraulic flow goes to the periphery of the upper part of the chamber 3, where the transformation of the linear

5 rotational movements

Swirling hydraulic flow in the direction of the periphery - The center progressively increases its speed and in the zone the center rushes intensively downward.

0 In the downward movement along the vertical, the layers of liquid adjacent to the central zone are also drawn. The maximum concentration of kinematic energy of the flow is reached in the middle narrow part of the chamber 3. Here, the blade 5 (turbine) part of the hydraulic unit is poured and the flow potential is activated. The speed of rotation of the turbine is quite high and depends on the parameters of the downward flow and its speed. Subsequently, the operation of hydraulic units does not differ from traditional designs. The actuated hydraulic flow exits through the bottom of the diffuser and a knee-shaped outlet at an angle to the vertical into the main stream of the channel.

Of particular interest is the work of the structure during the period of ice drift, and before freezing. Before the river is covered with ice, the upper parts of the screen section 11 are removed in advance. In this case, the upper edges of the lower part are at a depth that excludes their freezing in ice. Then, by partially adding ballast water to the float system, the cone-diffuser complex is lowered below the surface of the river to a depth at which the electrical part of the hydraulic unit remains still above the surface. In this case, it is taken into account that, due to the high velocities of the fluid in the diffuser, its water surface does not

.. freezes. Before the ice drift, additional ballast water is poured into the float system and the cone-diffuser complex is lowered together with the electric

: partly under water to prevent mechanical damage to the ice. Then, after the ice drift, all operations are performed in the reverse order: the complex is raised and the screen height is restored to normal. On the rivers of the southern zone, where the size of the ice floes is small, the descent - ascent operations can be omitted. The flood itself does not impede the normal operation of the structure. Hoisting operations are relevant for rivers of the northern zone with a long period of negative temperatures and a large thickness of ice. With the moisture protection of the electrical part being qualitatively implemented, the option of complete immersion in the period preceding the freeze-up and rise after ice drift is possible in the northern region. The operation of the structure will depend on the hydrodynamics of the river, during winter and during summer droughts, power indicators will change. This is an unremovable property of an object related to hydrology. However, in terms of consumer protection from these differences, a systematic approach can be used when the drop in power generation will be compensated by the inclusion of backup hydraulic units located in the channel of the river adjacent to the main ones or upstream (lower).

Formulas a-invented and 1. The Ruslova hydroelectric power station, comprising a flow-through casing equipped with floats with ballast tanks

narrowing downstream horizontal inlet pipe, a vertical chamber made in the form of a venturi, and a knee-shaped outlet pipe, a hydraulic unit with a blade turbine installed

in a narrow part of the chamber, and an electric generator placed on a mounting ring mounted on the upper part of the chamber, and a power cable for connecting the generator to the consumer, characterized in that

the inlet pipe is installed tangentially to the axis of the chamber and is equipped with hydrodynamic screens placed in front of its side walls with an inclination relative to the vertical direction from the pipe axis, and the upper edges of the inlet pipe, screens and. cameras are located above the stream.

2. A hydroelectric power station according to Claim 1, wherein the body is provided with a root system and the electric generator is waterproof.

3. Hydroelectric power station according to Claim 1, with the fact that the screens are equipped with foundation slabs and slopes and are made up of lower and removable upper parts interconnected by pins, the height of the lower parts exceeds the height of the upper.

4. Hydroelectric power station according to Claim 1, the fact is that it is equipped with signal navigation buoys, instrumentation., Automation equipment and barrage filtering elements installed in front of the inlet pipe.

5. Hydroelectric power station according to Claim 1, o; t, hl, and with the fact that it is equipped with die-fastening elements located in the area of the outlet pipe, and the latter is made inclined upward in the direction of flow.

6. Hydroelectric power station according to claim 1, with the exception that it is equipped with additional buildings and hydraulic units, similar to the main ones and installed in series and in parallel with them.