JP4653036B2 - Hydroelectric generator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a small-sized hydroelectric power generation apparatus that generates electricity by directly using flowing water from a river or the like, and more specifically, to a wide area such as a river, a water channel, a downstream part of a drain outlet of a power plant, a factory, a sewage treatment plant, or the like. Drifting is a problem in hydropower generation because it can be installed in shallow locations without the need for new large weirs and water transfer facilities, and can be easily installed in shallow water. The present invention relates to a small hydroelectric power generation device that can solve the problem of obstacles caused by things.

  In recent years, utilization technologies such as hydropower, wind power, and solar energy, which are environmentally friendly natural energy, have attracted attention due to the problem of depletion of reserve resource energy and the problem of deterioration of the global environment due to discharged carbon dioxide and the like. Regarding hydropower use, it has been used for a long time by hydroelectric power generation using the dam method. However, the dam method requires huge construction costs and is also a problem of sediment caused by dams and sediments, and a problem of the destruction of the natural environment accompanying dam construction. Therefore, new establishment in the future is not easy. For this reason, small hydroelectric generators are attracting attention, but conventional small hydroelectric generators are based on the idea of conventional propeller turbines, Pelton turbines, Francis turbines, etc. that use dams. Occupies the mainstream, and it is a premise method to ensure the head of the water flow and constantly flow through the rotation area of the water turbine, so it is necessary to use dams and water transfer facilities, etc. Direct installation and use at the place is difficult. In addition, there are some that use the technology of top and bottom water turbines, but in this case, it is difficult to apply when the running water is flowing in the full rotation area of the water turbine. Correspondence to the above-mentioned conditions that frequently occur due to heavy rain is not considered, and it is difficult to install unless accompanied by a dam or water conveyance facilities. For example, there are many installations and usages under limited conditions as proposed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 and relatively large size and high construction cost. As proposed in Patent Document 4 and the like, most of them need to be accompanied by weirs, water conveyance facilities, and the like, and are difficult to install and use only under limited conditions. And if we try to generate electricity using running water from rivers, the problem of drifting materials and sediment accumulation is an unavoidable problem. Even if it is not a direct problem of hydroelectric power generation equipment, it is a comprehensive problem as a related problem. It is considered that this is a problem that must be solved.

In this way, conventional small hydroelectric generators are difficult to install unless they are accompanied by a dam or water conduit, and can only be installed and used under extremely limited conditions, and are difficult to install and use in a wide range of locations. And the problem that countermeasures after installation are not fully taken into account, such as flow obstruction due to debris such as garbage and driftwood, equipment failure problems, sediment accumulation problems, heavy rain, etc. There is a problem that countermeasures for problems such as abnormal water increase are not fully considered.
JP-A-5-26147 JP 2003-222067 A JP 7-236255 A JP 2003-269315 A

  The most important problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in view of the problems of the above-mentioned conventional small hydroelectric generator, it can be installed and used only under extremely limited conditions and is difficult to install and use in a wide range of places. And countermeasures against problems such as flow obstruction caused by drifting objects such as garbage and driftwood, equipment failures, sediment accumulation problems, and problems such as heavy rain and other abnormal water increases are fully considered. The problem is that there is no problem.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, the hydroelectric power generator of the present invention has a rotating shaft that is orthogonal to the water flow and parallel to the water surface, and is rotatably supported at both ends of the rotating shaft. A hydroelectric generator having an impulsive water turbine of the above-described form, and a plate-like long member for preventing inflow of a drifting object that obstructs the apparatus at a portion arranged on the uppermost water side is about 20 to 50 mm. A streak screen portion in which streak screens arranged in parallel at intervals of the range are arranged to be inclined with respect to the water flow, and a peripheral portion is a square tube at a portion disposed on the water side of the water turbine downstream of the portion. In the area that faces the water turbine's running water, the half of the area where the hydraulic power of the running water does not act effectively on the rotational force of the turbine is cut off and the flowing water is turned off. A plate to allow water to be introduced to the area that contributes to water A structure in which the water conveyance member is inclined and has a rotation axis that is orthogonal to the water flow and an axial direction parallel to the water surface, and both ends of the rotation shaft are supported rotatably. In the case where the water turbine is incorporated and the outer peripheral portion has a water turbine portion having a rectangular tube shape, and the streak screen portion is used in a horizontal position, the screen streaks form the water wheel shaft. In contrast, in the case of the orthogonal direction, an inclination angle in the range of about 30 to 50 degrees is formed with respect to the water flow. In the case where the water flow is in a vertical direction and the apparatus is used in a vertical direction, the water flow is arranged at an inclination angle in the range of about 40 to 80 degrees with respect to the water flow. , Transmit the rotational force of the turbine to the generator And characterized in that it androgynous the fixed can means downstream vicinity of such underwater portion and the dam of the isoelectric can means and rivers.

  In addition, the plate-like water conveyance member at the water conveyance site is arranged at an inclination angle of about 30 to 60 degrees with respect to the water flow.

  In addition, the streak screen part, the water guiding part, and the water wheel part are unitized and connected in a detachable state.

  In addition, in the above-described hydroelectric generator, the generator part unit in which the part including the speed increasing mechanism and the generator is unitized is detachable between the water guide part unit and the turbine part unit or the upper part of the turbine part unit. It is characterized in that it is connected in a form.

  According to the present invention, the installation conditions are not so limited as compared with the conventional small hydraulic power device, and the installation can be easily performed in a wide range of places. In addition, it is possible to prevent the inflow of debris such as debris and driftwood that hinders the device, and it is difficult to accumulate. The problem of obstacles caused by drifting objects, which is a problem of hydropower generation, is solved. In addition, since it is not necessary to provide a special weir or the like, the problem of sediment accumulation does not occur, and unnecessary moisture increase can flow over the upper part of the apparatus, so that the problem at the time of abnormal water increase is solved. In addition, it is easy to install in the vicinity of the downstream of dams, etc., and can generate power even in shallow places where it is difficult to use other devices such as propeller type water turbines, and can easily respond to fluctuations in water volume. Can be installed and used in a wide range of locations such as downstream of drainage outlets of irrigation canals, power plants, factories, sewage treatment plants, etc. It will be possible to contribute as an aid to improve the problem of deterioration of the global environment caused by carbon dioxide.

  As the best mode for carrying out the present invention, it has appropriate means that can be easily fixed in the vicinity of the downstream of a water bottom or a dam such as a river in consideration of the installation conditions such as the installation location of the apparatus, The streak screen part, the water conveyance part, and the water wheel part are unitized, and further, the generator and the speed increaser etc. are waterproofed and the generator part is also unitized, between the water conveyance part unit and the water wheel part unit or It is the form which was able to be connected with the upper part of a watermill part so that attachment or detachment was possible. As a member constituting the device, any member having the strength, water resistance, weather resistance, impact resistance, etc. that can achieve the purpose of the device and can withstand long-term use can be used. Rust-proof steel, aluminum alloy, engineering plastics, etc. are suitable, and each part has a form that is considered to be described below.

  Regarding the streak screen portion, the selection of the direction perpendicular to and parallel to the water wheel axis of the streak shape of the screen may be appropriately selected in consideration of the change in the water level and the installation conditions such as the space on both sides of the device. For example, if the frequency of submergence is high and the space on both sides is limited, the streak shape in the orthogonal direction is preferable, and if the submergence state is small and the water level changes and there is room on both sides, the streak shape in the parallel direction Is preferred. When the apparatus is used with the apparatus being substantially horizontal, the screen is disposed in a range of about 30 to 50 degrees with respect to the water flow when the screen has a streak shape perpendicular to the water wheel axis. When the screen streaks form a streak in a direction parallel to the water wheel axis, the screen is disposed so as to form an inclination angle in the range of about 30 to 60 degrees with respect to the water flow. It is preferable that the angle be equal to both sides from the center of the screen. In addition, it is preferable to use a skeleton member and a shape-retaining reinforcing member as appropriate to ensure shape retention and to surround the bottom and both sides with thin plate-like members. When the water flow is in the vertical direction and the apparatus is used vertically, the water flow is arranged to form an angle in the range of about 40 to 80 degrees. The thickness of the plate-like long member of the screen is preferably about 2 to 10 mm, although the thickness is related to the material, and the width may be appropriately set in consideration of the scale of the apparatus. Moreover, the arrangement | sequence space | interval of a plate-shaped elongate member is set in the range of about 20-50 mm, and the arrangement | sequence of a substantially equal space | interval is preferable.

  As for the water conveyance site, the outer peripheral portion is formed in a rectangular tube shape by a thin plate-like member, and the plate-like water conveyance member is inclined and disposed inside, and the form is suitably used by using a skeleton member and a shape retention reinforcing member. A form in which the holding is ensured is preferable. The thickness and various dimensions of each member may be appropriately set in consideration of the material used. And it is suitable for a plate-shaped water conveyance member to make the inclination angle the range of about 30 to 60 degree | times, and to be the range of about 30 to 45 degree | times. It is also preferable to provide a water guiding auxiliary member in front of the lower part of the water turbine to guide the water and improve the rotational force of the water wheel.

  With respect to the water wheel part, both ends of the rotating shaft of the water wheel are fastened to the skeleton member in a rotatable state, and the outer peripheral part is formed in a rectangular tube shape by a thin plate member. And, the water wheel has a disk-like member at least at both ends, and a long or thin plate-like member has a curved or bent blade whose cross-sectional shape can effectively convert hydraulic power into rotational force. The number of blades is preferably in the range of 8 to 20 as long as it is a turbine in which a gap is provided and fixed to the disk-like member at evenly spaced intervals, but the number of blades is preferably in the range of 8 to 20, and the gap dimension from the shaft is rotated. A configuration having a size of about 1/3 to 1/2 of the radius is preferred. Also, if the installation conditions of the device are low, or if it is used vertically, use a water wheel in a form in which a cylindrical member is placed in contact with the inside of the blade and the disk member is fixed to the blade. Is also preferable.

  As for the generator part, the main part consists of a generator, speed increaser, driven shaft, bearing, clutch, coupling, etc., and it seems to be able to generate power via a rotational force transmission mechanism that can efficiently transmit the rotational force of the turbine. The thing of the form made into is used. Note that the generator and the speed increaser may be integrated, or the others may be integrated as appropriate. The generator part may be disposed in a position where it is not reliably submerged, but the generator, the speed increaser, etc. should be fixed to the skeleton member in the vicinity of the water wheel part using a waterproof performance. A configuration in which the outer peripheral portion is disposed and surrounded by a thin plate member is preferable.

  For example, a mechanism that combines a gear and an endless chain or a gear belt is conceivable as the rotational force transmission mechanism. However, the rotational force transmission mechanism is not limited as long as the rotational force of the turbine can be smoothly transmitted to the generator. A protective cover is attached to the outside of the rotational force transmission mechanism. The protective cover preferably has a shape that can reduce the water flow resistance as much as possible.

  As a detachable connection method for each part unit, for example, it is preferable to provide a nut function part on the skeleton member and connect the plate member with a connection plate and a bolt. The method is not limited.

  As a means of fixing to the bottom of a river or a dam, etc., a skeleton member at each part is provided with a protruding part or a base plate part, and anchor bolt holes are provided. In the vicinity of the downstream of the dam or the like, a foundation such as a dam or the like is used, and when it cannot be used, a concrete foundation is installed and can be fixed with anchor bolts.

  As an explanation of the embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention, FIGS. 1 and 2 are explanatory views of an example in which the generator part of one embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention is connected between the water conveyance part and the water wheel part. FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of an example in which the generator part is connected to the upper part of the water wheel part. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an example in which the generator part is connected by providing a space above the water wheel part. FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of an example in which the apparatus is used vertically. FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the form of the water wheel. FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a form example of the streak screen portion other than that shown in FIGS. FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram of an example in which the apparatus is used horizontally and vertically. The illustration of most of the connecting means of each part unit and the waterproof cover on the outside of the rotational force transmitting means of the water wheel are omitted in the explanatory drawing. Hereinafter, a hydroelectric generator according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 to 4, the device of the present invention has a configuration in which a streak screen portion 10, a water guide portion 20, a water wheel portion 30, and a generator portion 40 are connected, and is installed by an anchor bolt / nut 70 or the like. Used fixed to the foundation 1. And as for the connection form of each part of this apparatus, when a water flow is a horizontal direction, as shown to FIGS. 1-2, the form which arrange | positioned the generator part 40 on the water side of the water turbine part 30, or As shown in FIG. 3, a configuration in which the generator part 40 is disposed on the upper part of the water wheel part 30, or as shown in FIG. 4, a distance at which the generator part 40 is not inundated at the upper part of the water wheel part 30. When the water flow is in the vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 5, the normal form of the apparatus of the present invention is rotated 90 degrees so that the object of the present invention can be achieved. In addition, a configuration in which a skeleton member 60 is additionally provided is used. And the form in which each said part was unitized is preferable, and when each part is unitized, as shown in FIG. 2, a nut function part is provided in frame | skeleton members 12, 22, 32, 47, for example, a board The unit parts are connected by unit connecting means 80 using bolts and connecting plates with holes formed in the shape members. Further, in order to facilitate the suspension movement at the time of installation or removal of each part unit, it is preferable to provide a unit lifting hole 90 as shown in FIG. And as an installation use example, as shown to FIG. 1 (A), the base 1 for apparatus installation is provided in the water bottom part 2 of a river etc., and it is fixed and used. Further, as shown in FIG. 1 (B), the dam portion etc. 3 is used by being fixedly installed in the vicinity of the downstream side of the dam portion etc. 3. In this example, when the height of the dam portion 3 or the like is low, the apparatus can be fixed and used in an inclined state.

  When the screen streak is in a direction perpendicular to the water wheel axis, the streak screen portion 10 is formed by arranging the plate-like long members 11 in parallel at substantially equal intervals as shown in FIGS. The streak screen held in shape by the holding reinforcement member 14 is fixed to the skeleton member 12 while being inclined, and the bottom and sides are surrounded by the thin plate member 13. When the apparatus is used with the water flow in the horizontal direction, the inclination angle of the streak screen is set with a target range of about 30 to 50 degrees. In this case, as shown in FIG. 6B, the side portion may have a screen form in which the plate-like long members 11 are arranged in parallel at substantially equal intervals in the horizontal direction. When the apparatus is used with the water flow in the vertical direction and the apparatus in the vertical direction, as shown in FIG. 5, the inclination angle of the streak screen is set in a range of about 40 to 80 degrees with respect to the vertical direction. In this case, it is also preferable that the portion corresponding to the bottom portion is inclined outwardly with an angle in a range of about 30 degrees or less depending on the installation conditions. When the screen streaks are parallel to the water wheel axis, the plate-like long members 11 are arranged in parallel at substantially equal intervals as shown in FIGS. The streak screen held by the holding and reinforcing member 14 is fixed to the skeleton member 12 at an angle in a range of about 30 to 60 degrees on both sides from the part.

  As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, the water guide portion 20 has a rectangular tube shape at the outer peripheral portion by a thin plate-like member 23, and has a form in which a plate-like water guide member 21 is disposed in an inclined manner. 22 and the form retention reinforcing member 24 are used as appropriate to ensure the form retention. And the plate-shaped water conveyance member 21 is arrange | positioned for the range of about 30-60 degree of inclination angles. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 1, it is also preferable to arrange a water guide auxiliary member 100 in front of the lower portion of the water turbine 31 so as to improve the rotational force of the water turbine.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the water turbine part 30 is fastened to the skeleton member 32 in a rotatable state via a bearing 34, and the outer peripheral portion has a rectangular tube shape by a thin plate member 33. . As shown in FIGS. 7A to 7C, the water turbine 31 is provided with a disk-like member 31c at least at both ends, and the cross-sectional shape of the long thin plate member effectively converts the hydraulic power to rotational force. A bent or bent blade 31b that can be converted is provided on the disk-like member 31c at a uniform radial interval with a gap from the axis to the axis of rotation. The number of blades 31b is in the range of 8 to 20, and the gap dimension from the shaft is about 1/3 to 1/2 of the radius of rotation. In addition, when the installation condition of the apparatus is low, or when the apparatus is used vertically, as shown in FIG. 7D, a cylindrical member 31d is disposed so as to be in contact with the inside of the blade 31b to form a disk shape. It is also preferable to use the water turbine 31 in a form fixed to the member 31c and the blade 31b.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the generator part 40 is composed mainly of a generator 41, a speed increaser 42, a driven shaft 43, a bearing 44, a clutch 45, a coupling 46, and the like. In this case, a configuration in which a rotational force transmission mechanism 50 capable of transmitting the power is interposed to generate electric power is used. And although the generator part 40 may be arrange | positioned in the position which does not immerse reliably, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, what used the generator 41, the gearbox 42, etc. with waterproof performance, A form in which the outer peripheral portion is surrounded by the thin plate-like member 48 while being fixedly disposed on the skeleton member 47 in the vicinity of the portion 30 is also preferable.

  As shown in FIGS. 2 to 3, the rotational force transmission mechanism 50 is preferably, for example, a mechanism in which a gear 51 and an endless chain or a gear belt 52 are combined. However, the rotational force of the turbine can be smoothly transmitted to the generator. If it is a mechanism, it is not limited. A protective cover is attached to the outside of the rotational force transmission mechanism. The protective cover preferably has a shape that can reduce the water flow resistance as much as possible.

  As explained above, it is possible to prevent the inflow of drifting objects that obstruct the device by having a streak screen part, and avoid the accumulation of drifting objects by inclining the streak screen. It is possible to prevent the inflow of debris such as garbage and driftwood, which becomes an obstacle to the device, and it is difficult to accumulate, and when the water rises, the debris overflows the device and it is difficult to cause the device failure problem and flow obstruction problem due to the drifting material Therefore, the obstacle problem caused by drifting objects, which is a problem of hydropower generation, is solved. And it becomes possible to improve the rotational force of a water turbine by having a water conveyance site | part. Further, since there is no need to provide a special weir or the like, the problem of sediment accumulation does not occur, and unnecessary moisture increase can flow over the upper part of the apparatus, so that the problem at the time of abnormal water increase is solved. In addition, it can be easily installed near the downstream of dams, etc., and can generate power even in shallow locations where it is difficult to use other devices such as propeller turbines. However, the installation conditions are not limited, and installation and use can be easily performed in a wide range of places such as rivers, various irrigation canals, power plants, factories, sewage treatment plants, and other drainage outlets.

  It can also be used to produce hydrogen gas for fuel cells expected in the future by electrolysis of water. Also, it can be used as a water supply facility by providing a pump facility and transmitting the rotational force of the water turbine to the pump.

Explanatory drawing of the example which connected the generator site | part of one Example of this invention apparatus between the water conveyance site | part and the waterwheel site | part (A) Side surface sectional view (B) Plan view Explanatory drawing of the same example as FIG. 1 (C) Side view (D) Front view Explanatory drawing of the example which connected the generator site | part of one Example of this invention apparatus to the upper part of a water turbine site | part (A) Side surface sectional view (B) Side view Explanatory drawing of the example which connected and provided the generator site | part of one Example of this invention apparatus in the upper part of the water turbine site | part (A) Side surface sectional drawing (B) Top view Side surface sectional drawing of explanatory drawing of the example which uses the apparatus of 1 Example of this invention apparatus vertically (A) Front sectional view of one embodiment (B) Front view of example of (A) (C) Front view of an example in which the same member as the disk-shaped member at the side end is disposed in the middle (D) Side surface sectional view of an embodiment in which a cylindrical member is added to the example of (A) 1A to 5B are explanatory views of a form example other than the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 (A) The same front view as the example shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 (B) on the side portion of the example shown in FIGS. Side view of an example with a horizontal streak screen added (C) Front view when using a horizontal streak screen other than the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 (D) Side view of example of (C) (E) Front view of example (C) (A) Side sectional view of an example of using the device horizontally in a river etc. (B) Side sectional view of an example of using the device vertically in the vicinity of a downstream such as a dam.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1; Foundation for apparatus installation 2; Water bottom part of rivers etc. 3; Weir part etc. 10; Streaky screen part 11; Plate-like elongate member 12; Skeletal member 13; Thin plate-like member 14; Form maintenance reinforcement member 20; 21; Plate-shaped water guide member 22; Skeletal member 23; Thin plate-shaped member 24; Shape-maintaining reinforcing member 30; Water wheel part 31; Water wheel 31 a; Rotating shaft 31 b; Blade 31 c; Disk-shaped member (blade mounting member)
31d; Cylindrical member 32; Skeletal member 33; Thin plate member 34; Bearing 40; Generator part 41; Generator 42; Speed increaser 43; Driven shaft 44; Bearing 45; Clutch 46; Coupling 47; A thin plate member 50; a rotational force transmission mechanism 51; a gear 52; an endless chain or a gear belt 60; other skeleton members 70; an anchor bolt / nut 71; an anchor bolt hole 80; a unit connecting means 90; 100; water guide auxiliary member

Claims (4)

A hydroelectric generator having an impulsive water turbine having a rotating shaft that is orthogonal to a water flow and an axial direction parallel to a water surface and that is rotatably supported at both ends of the rotating shaft,
A streak screen in which plate-like long members for preventing the inflow of drifting objects that hinder the device at the most upstream side are arranged in parallel at intervals of about 20 to 50 mm is added to the water flow. A streak screen portion arranged to be inclined with respect to,
The hydrodynamic force of the flowing water does not effectively act on the rotational force of the turbine in the region where the outer peripheral portion is in the shape of a rectangular tube and is located in the region facing the flowing water of the turbine inside. A water conveyance site in which a plate-shaped water conveyance member is disposed so as to block the direct inflow of half of the flowing water and to guide the flowing water to the region contributing to the rotational force of the turbine. ,
A water turbine having a rotating shaft that is orthogonal to the water flow and parallel to the water surface and in which both ends of the rotating shaft are rotatably supported is incorporated, and the outer peripheral portion has a rectangular tube shape. And a watermill part forming
And, when the streak screen portion is used with the device horizontal, when the screen streak is in a direction orthogonal to the water wheel axis, it forms an inclination angle in the range of about 30 to 50 degrees with respect to the water flow, When the screen streak is in a direction parallel to the water wheel axis, the screen is disposed at an inclination angle of about 30 to 60 degrees with respect to the water flow. Are arranged with an inclination angle in the range of about 40 to 80 degrees with respect to the water flow,
A hydroelectric generator characterized by comprising means capable of generating power by transmitting the rotational force of a water turbine to a generator and means capable of being fixed near the bottom of a river or the downstream of a dam or the like.   The hydroelectric generator according to claim 1, wherein the plate-like water conveyance member at the water conveyance site is disposed at an inclination angle of about 30 to 60 degrees with respect to the water flow.   The hydroelectric generator according to claim 2, wherein the streak screen portion, the water guiding portion, and the water wheel portion are unitized and connected in a detachable state.   4. The hydroelectric generator according to claim 3, wherein the generator part unit in which the part including the speed increasing mechanism and the generator is unitized is detachable between the water guiding part unit and the water wheel part unit or at the top of the water wheel part unit. A hydroelectric power generation device characterized in that it is connected to each other.

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