RU1792494C - Combustion chamber of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

The inventive spherical recess 4 in the head 3 and the spherical central part 5 of the cylindrical recess 8 in the bottom of the piston 2 are made with equal radii and volumes and with the formation of a sphere with the position of the piston 2 at top dead center, and the ignition source is installed at an angle of 0-45 ° mow the cylinder. 4 c.p., f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, namely to engine manufacturing, and can be used primarily for a two-stroke internal combustion engine (ICE) with positive ignition, compression ignition, and a mixed working process.

A combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine is known, which is formed by a spherical recess of the cylinder head and a cylindrical recess of the piston bottom, the spherical recess of the cylinder head being provided with end protrusions forming charge swirls, near which an ignition source is located .. ...

A disadvantage of the known combustion chamber is that the ratios of the volumes of the spherical recess 1 on the cylinder head and the piston bottom are unknown, the height of the end protrusions affecting the beginning of the vortex movement, the passage section of the charge swirls, or the total cross-sectional area of the channels affecting the rate of charge expiration and its turbulence.

The purpose of the invention is to increase fuel economy by reducing heat removal through the walls of the combustion chamber. by reducing its surface and increasing the rate of combustion by amplification and the optimal organization of turbulization of the charge in the combustion chamber.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine is formed by spherical recesses on the cylinder head and piston bottom of equal radius, which form a ball when the piston is at the top dead center, end protrusions are made on the cylinder head, and on the piston bottom there is a mating and coaxially with the protrusions of the cylindrical recess, when the piston is in; At the top dead center, end protrusions and a cylindrical recess define the ball and divide it into equal parts on the cylinder head and piston bottom, the ignition source — the nozzle candle — is installed at an angle from 0 ° to 45 ° of the cylinder axis.

Moreover, the height of the end protrusions is equal to the displacement of the piston when the crankshaft is rotated at an angle of 20 ° - 35 ° to the top dead center without taking into account the technical clearance between the piston bottom and the cylinder head.

.In this case, the total area-passage section of the charge swirlers is determined by the dependence

Ra. Vi-n n Pi R .-. Dr t

TZL p i

V Po)

P2

TO

Ti

where S is the total cross-sectional area of the charge swirlers;

h is the height of the end protrusions without taking into account the technological gap between the piston bottom and the cylinder head;

a is the channel width of the charge swirlers; ..; ..

i is the number of charge swirlers (not less than three);

Јph is the angle of rotation of the crankshaft from the moment the piston bottom surface reaches the surface of the protrusions on the cylinder head (the moment the volume is cut off in the zone, the displacer from the combustion chamber) to the piston position at top dead center;

Pi and TI are the pressure and temperature in the combustion chamber when the piston is at an angle kip to the top dead center; . p is the rotational speed of the engine shaft at rated power;

.Vi is the volume displaced by the piston through charge swirls per piston stroke equal to h; .. ... P2 pressure in the combustion chamber at the end of compression;

tg value is 3.14; R is a universal gas constant; m is a coefficient equal to 0.0404 for air and 0.0396 for an air-to-air mixture; -: ..

K is the indicator of the polytropic compression. And for a mixed workflow, the nozzle-nozzle atomizer is aligned with the axis of the cylinder, and the electrode-nozzle electrodes are located symmetrically with respect to the atomizer. :

 The total flow area of the charge swirlers is determined based on the following justifications.

Taking into account that the mass of gas in the displacement cavity is equal to

fifty

Pi Vi G-TGTG

and the mass of gas passing through the channels of the swirlers at the speed of sound is

55

Gc - gp

P2-S

T2

where Ts is the temperature in the combustion chamber at the end of compression at the TDC point.

I The mass of gas G must flow into the central cavity of the combustion chamber beyond the angle fy of rotation of the crankshaft (c.c.), i.e. after the piston moves to TDC (top dead center) .5 In this case

Mr. A / 30 G - Gc L

n p adiabatic process

Pi T2-TY (-Ј) P2

TO

From the above dependencies

explores that

R-Ti

T2 P L

here

S

PI Vi utT - n p

R TI m & p 30

lly

Vi l p

V

 (-Plj-nr1

The angle is selected within the range of 20 ° -35 ° I.K.B to achieve a thermally optimized) cycle in which active heat dissipation ends at 5 ° -15 ° of the I.K.B angle, after TDC during expansion for a long time. burn out the main fuel class, which is approximately 30 ° centigrade (see. Results of science and technology. Internal combustion engines. Volume 4, p.

1).

At an angle of less than 20, a sufficiently intense charge swirling is not achieved, leading to the burning of the bulk of the charge.

At an angle of greater than 35 °, an excessively high height of the protrusions is obtained, which leads to increased heat loss of the annular protrusions by increased heat loss to the walls.

Installation of a ignition source for an ignition nozzle, which represents a combination of a spark plug with an atomizer nozzle additionally built into it (in addition to the main invention), or a combination of an atomizer with an additional

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

thirty

35

about 45

rj

gg

the spark plug electrodes built into it (in addition to the main invention in the diesel version) at an angle from 0 ° to 45 ° to the cylinder axis are explained by the most optimal placement of the spherical shape of the candle-nozzle in the upper quarter of the combustion chamber from the point of view of both the designer and and technologist, operator, etc. For the upper part of the combustion chamber within the specified limits is part of the cylinder head of the engine.

The implementation of the combustion chamber spherical with an equal arrangement of its parts in the cylinder head and on the piston bottom with the obligatory arrangement of swirlers in the middle part is not known in the aggregate. This arrangement is also significant, since it allows to provide a minimal surface of the combustion chamber with its maximum volume and with forced turbulization of the charge.

The drawing shows a combustion chamber, a longitudinal section.

The device comprises a cylinder, a piston 2, a head 3, a spherical recess A and a cylinder head 3 and a spherical central part 5 in the piston bottom 2, which form the volume of the combustion chamber when the piston is in TDC. The spherical recess 4 of the head 3 of the cylinder 1 is provided with end tangentially directed protrusions 6 and recesses 7 forming charge swirls. At the bottom of the piston 2, a cylindrical recess 8 is made, into which protrusions b enter when the piston approaches the TDC.

In a spherical recess 4 of the head 3 of the cylinder 1 is placed a candle nozzle 9 with a spray 10 and electrodes 11.

The combustion chamber operates as follows.

During compression, as the piston 2 approaches TDC, the end protrusions 6 cut off the working charge or air in the displacement zone from the combustion chamber. With further movement of the piston 2, the working charge is expelled with high energy into the combustion chamber through the tangential recesses 7 and the annular gap between the piston 2 and the protrusions 6 on the cylinder head 3. At the end of the movement of the piston 2 to TDC, the charge flows over the area of the annular recesses 7 in the direction to the main volume of the combustion chamber in the cylinder head 1.

A candle nozzle 9 located in a zone of sufficient charge movement ignites a charge having a turbulent structure, providing a high combustion rate.

Technical advantages of the claimed device are as follows.

The optimal height of the protrusions and the total passage area of the swirls provide a thermally optimized cycle. The vapor shape of the combustion chamber allows minimizing heat removal from the walls of the chamber and reduces combustion in the cold zone near the walls of the combustion chamber. Providing a high combustion rate with high compression ratios and reducing heat removal to the chamber walls can increase the fuel economy of ICE.

Formulas a invented

Claims (5)

1. The combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, mainly a two-stroke one, equipped with a crankshaft, is limited by a spherical recess in the cylinder head, surrounded by end protrusions and recesses forming charge swirlers, and a piston bottom equipped with a cylindrical recess, the central part of which is made spherical and conjugated with spherical recess in the head and to which end protrusions adjoin when the piston is in top dead center, and having an ignition source, in order to increase fuel economy by reducing heat dissipation through the chamber machines and increasing the combustion rate, the spherical recess in the head and the spherical central part of the cylindrical recess in the piston bottom are made equal radii and volumes and with the formation of a sphere with the piston in top dead center position, and the ignition source is set at an angle equal to 0-45 ° to the cylinder axis. 2. The camera according to claim 1, on the subject of that. that the end protrusions are made with a height equal to the displacement of the piston when the crankshaft is rotated by an angle of 20-35 ° to the top dead center. 3. The chamber according to claims 1 and 2, distinguished by the fact that it is equipped with a nozzle. 4. The chamber according to claims 1 and 2, on the other hand, with the fact that a candle-nozzle with electrodes and a spray is used as a source of ignition. 5. The chamber according to claims 1, 2, 4, with the fact that the atomizer of the candle-nozzle is aligned with the axis of the cylinder, and its electrodes are located symmetrically with respect to the atomizer.