RU1790641C - Bog reclamation system - Google Patents

Abstract

Usage: the invention relates to the hydromelioration of forest lands, in particular swamps. The system includes a conductive channel 1, dehumidifiers 2, and discontinuous upland channels 3. The system is equipped with self-draining wells 4 located in two rows on the peripheral part of the swamp. Self-draining wells of the lower row are connected to dehumidifiers and to self-draining wells of the upper row through intermittent upstream channels. 4 ill. 1 tab.

Description

Figure 1

ICJ

The invention relates to the hydromelioration of forest lands, in particular swamps.

A well-known system for drainage of bogs using open channels, the main elements of which are a conductive channel, dehumidifiers and mountain channels leaving it, Mountain-channel channels are used to intercept the flow of surface and ground waters. Typically, these channels are located along the boundary of the swamp with dry land (mineral lands) and orient in the direction perpendicular to the surface and ground waters.

A disadvantage of the known solution is that in cases where the thickness of the aquifer exceeds the maximum permissible depth of the channel (i.e., exceeds 2 m) for the mountain-fishing net, the upper part of the stream is unloaded into the channel and the lower part of the ground flow below the bottom The channel freely enters the drainage facility and creates local pressure in the drained areas, which reduces the efficiency of the drainage system.

The closest technical solution is the drainage system of bogs with ground water supply and areas with different trophicity, including a conductive channel located parallel to the boundary of the bog with dry land, dehumidifiers leaving it, grooves cut on inter-channel strips and intermittent upland channels laid along the border of the swamp with dry land. Dehumidifiers are located in areas of bogs with reduced trophicity, and furrows are laid in the middle of the interchannel strips parallel to the dehumidifiers and connected to upland channels. The system improves the nutrition of forest stands in the swamps.

The known system has the following disadvantages. When feeding swamps with groundwater of dry lands in high-water years, when rainfall exceeds the norm, the known system does not provide the drainage rate at the beginning (May, June) and throughout the growing season, which leads to periodic underflooding of the root systems during active growth. This is explained by the fact that the interception of soil flow from the dry land to the swamp is carried out only within the depth of the intermittent upland channel. In this case, the intercepted water, before entering the dehumidifiers, is filtered through the active layer of the inter-channel strip, which slows down its removal from the drained area. Water interception by upland channels only from the upper horizon of the ground

the flow and its slow discharge do not provide a sufficient decrease in the pressure of the groundwater in the drained area. As a result, the water level (GW) on drained

the bogs periodically lie above the lower boundary of the rooting layer, which leads to its underflooding, and therefore reduces the overall efficiency of the drainage system. In order to

During dry years, to ensure the rate of drainage, it is necessary to thicken the network of dehumidifiers, which will increase the volume of earthwork, which is already quite large. Thus, in the construction of a known system having a distance between the dryer of 60 m, the length of the dryer is 200 m / ha. When the network of drainage channels thickens to 40 m, their total length increases to 300 m / ha, i.e. 1.5 times. Respectively

0 the volume of earthwork will increase 1.5 times. Moreover, in high-water years, when precipitation is higher than normal, the drainage rate is not ensured even at a distance of 40 m between dehumidifiers. In addition, in the well-known system, a large amount of construction work is carried out when laying intermittent upland channels carrying the main load of water interception, coming from dry land. So in a known system the volume

0 excavation during the construction of the fence network within the same inter-channel strip of 60 m wide is 190 m. The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the system and reduce the amount of earthwork.

This object is achieved in that the bog drainage system including a conductive channel, dehumidifiers extending from the conductive channel, and discontinuous upland channels, according to the invention, are equipped with self-draining elements arranged in two rows on the peripheral part of the swamp, while bottom row connected to

5 dehumidifiers, and self-draining elements. You are connected to the upper series with self-draining elements of the lower series by intermittent upland channels.

1 shows a drainage system

0 swamps, general view; figure 2 - the interaction of depression funnels; Fig. 3 is a self-draining element, top view; figure 4 is a section aa in fig.Z.

The bog drainage system includes a passage channel 1 laid along the lowest elevation points, dehumidifiers 2 extending from the passage channel, and discontinuous upland channels 3. The system contains self-draining elements 4 located on the peripheral part of the bog, i.e. below the border of 5 swamps with dry land. Self-flowing elements are arranged in two rows. The top row 6 is 15m from the bottom 7. The self-flowing elements of the lower row are connected to the dehumidifiers 2. The self-flowing elements of the upper row are connected to the elements of the lower row by discontinuous upstream channels 3. Each self-flowing element of the upper row is located at an equal distance from the nearest two of them. The self-draining element is a checkerboard of a rectangular shape (Fig. 3). Its depth depends on the thickness of the aquifer and can reach up to 3 m. The bottom of the self-draining elements is conjugated by a drier or an intermittent upland channel by a slope. Drains 8 were laid on this interface; Drain was fixed by 9 rods driven into the slope.

The system operates as follows.

Soil and surface runoff flowing from dry land to the swamp have a parallel direction and form a single aquifer on the peripheral part of the swamp. Encountering a two-row system of self-draining elements on their way of movement, forming a drainage zone or strip within the influence of depression funnels, the direction of the water flow deviates radially to the center of the self-draining elements (Fig. 2). The presence of depression funnels 10 reduces the resistance to vertical outflow of water through the filter surface of the self-draining elements. The water level in the self-draining elements cannot rise above the mark of the bottom of the desiccant; therefore, the water intercepted by them is freely discharged into the desiccants and discharged into the water reservoir.

Thus, the interception of soil flow is carried out to a depth of 3.0. The performance of the drainage system and the prototype are presented in the table. From the table it follows that the volume of earthwork during construction is reduced 1.5 times

drainage network, and the volume of excavation on the fence network on one inter-channel strip will decrease by 1.3 times.

Thus, the claimed system

drainage of swamps allows, in comparison with the prototype, to reduce the amount of earthwork and the loss of usable area occupied by channels by 1.5 times, and to increase the efficiency of the system by:

- 4 times increase in the volume of water intercepted by the system;

- acceleration of water drainage for two days;

- relieving groundwater pressure in the drained area;

- increasing the filtering surface of the fence network by 1.5 times.

The proposed system provides a dehumidification rate for precipitation higher than normal with a distance between dehumidifiers 40 and 60

m and eliminates the flooding of the root systems of trees during their growth. This will allow to increase the distance between dehumidifiers during the construction of a new or reconstruction of the old drainage network

by 20 m and, therefore, to exclude the construction of every third dehumidifier, thereby further reducing the volume of earthwork during the construction of the system by 30%.

Claims (1)

The invention can be used in the drainage of forest and agricultural lands, in the construction of new and reconstruction of old drainage systems. The claims A system for draining swamps, including a conductive channel, dehumidifiers connected to it and intermittent upland channels laid along the boundary of the swamp with dry land, characterized in that, for the purpose of to increase the efficiency of the system and reduce the amount of earthwork, the system is equipped with self-draining wells located on the peripheral part of the swamp in two rows and connected interconnected by means of upland channels, while the self-draining wells of the lower row are connected to dehumidifiers. System Performance Claim system Prototype The volume of water of the soil flow intercepted by the fence network within one inter-channel strip 60 m wide per day, m Water drainage from the drained area, days Ground drainage depth, m The area of the filtering surface at 60 m of the fence network, m. Length of dehumidifiers per 1 hectare of area subject to norms of drainage, m / ha The volume of excavation on the fence network per one inter-channel strip 60 m wide, m Loss of usable area under the desiccant tracks sq. m / ha 5.5 2.2 up to 2 88 300 190 750 Fig. I