RU1787343C - Method and apparatus for slitting soil over fields of perennial fodder crops - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for intra-soil irrigation. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the energy intensity of the process of cutting water-absorbing slots and increase the volume of focal reservoirs. The soil is slit on the sowings of perennial forage crops by cutting water-catching slits by slitherez. In the slots, the invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for intra-irrigation, and can be used to irrigate agricultural crops with water and livestock runoff, in particular alfalfa. The purpose of the invention is to reduce the energy intensity of the process of cutting water-absorbing slots and increase the volume of focal reservoirs. Fig. 1 shows an irrigated area with irrigators and chopped water cuttings along the locally located focal reservoirs. In this case, the displaced soil from the sidewalls of the slots is placed in tanks and compacted. Crafting of focal reservoirs is carried out by a pulsed action with a frequency of 9 ... 17 s with an interval of 12 ... 18 cm along the height of the slit. A device for sowing soil on the crops of perennial forage crops comprises a frame, hinge brackets, support wheels and a working body for cutting slots and focal reservoirs in the form of a rack and a chisel in the lower section. The working body is made in the form of front and rear vertically arranged uprights with horizontal slots symmetrically located in them. Between the posts there is a vertical drive shaft. The lower shaft support is located in the bit. Disks are mounted horizontally, in a parallel and eccentric relative to it. The end surfaces of the disks are made curved. The peripheral edges of the disks are located along a helical line. 2 s.p. f-ly, 13 ill. melting slots; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1; Fig. 3 - the same, but after irrigation with highlighted areas for soaking the slit and focal reservoirs; Fig. 4 is a plan view of a tool for cutting slots with focal reservoirs; figure 5 is the same side view; Fig.6 is a working body for cutting cracks and crafts focal reservoirs in an axonometric image; Fig.7 is the same side view; Fig.8 is the same front view; Fig.9 is a section bB in Fig.7; in FIG. 10 is a section bb in FIG. 9; at the joint venture with VI from h with 4 SL)

Description

11 is a cross section G T in Fig.9; in Fig.12 - node I in Fig.9; on Fig - section DD in Fig.9.

In the irrigated area with crops of perennial grasses perpendicular to the irrigators 1 and the direction of crops, for example alfalfa, cutting slits 2 is made (Fig. 1). Slots are cut at intervals of 3.0; 2.0 and 1.4 m, respectively, for alfalfa 2, 3 and 4 years of growth. In the vertical alignment of the slit 2, with an interval of 12 ... 18 cm, the area of the foci of reservoirs 3 is located (Fig. 2). The walls 4 of the tanks 3 are formed by a second-order surface, for example a cylindrical paraboloid. A loosened portion 5 is formed in the lower part of the slit. The walls of the reservoirs 3 are formed and sealed by a pulsed action with a frequency of 9.0 ... 17.0 with continuous movement. A plot of the soil density by the formed walls 4 of the tank 3 is shown in section 6. For irrigation, irrigation water or livestock runoff is supplied to the tanks 3. Through the walls of the slit 2 and the loosened portion 5, irrigation water moistens the soil horizons. The humidification zone of the slit 2 with focal reservoirs 3 is shown by a shaded outline 7 in FIG.

A device for sowing soil over perennial feed crops of the irrigated area with irrigation water or livestock runoff is made in the form of a mounted implement (Figs. 4 and 5). The tool comprises a frame 8, support wheels 9, hinge brackets 10 and 11, working bodies 12 for cutting slots and reservoirs, and a drive of working body elements. The latter is made in the form of bevel angular gears 13 and 14 and a telescopic driveshaft 15. The gun is mounted on a hinge of a power tool by means of lower 17 and upper 18 t.

The working body 12 for cutting the slots 2 of the tanks 3 (Figs. 6-13) is made in the form of a front 19 and a back 20 vertically arranged sectional posts with horizontal slots 21 and a bit 22. The posts 20 and 21 with a bit 22 are connected by welds. The front of the rack 19 is provided with a cutting edge 23. The rear of the rack 19 and the front of the rear sectional rack 20 are provided with triangular grooves 24. The grooves 24 of the columns 19 and 20 form an enclosed space for accommodating a square 25 conductive shaft. discs 26 are placed. Racks 19 and 20 are provided

holes 27 and brackets 28 for connecting to the gun frame 8.

The upper part of the drive shaft 25 is provided with a spline pin 29. The pin 29 is connected by a spline sleeve to the output shaft of the bevel gear 13 (14). The lower cylindrical pin 30 of the drive shaft 25 (Fig.9 and 13) is placed in a ball bearing 31, made in the form of a ball bearing No.

811306 with a spherical outer race 32. To accommodate the ball bearing 31 in the bit 22, a spherical annular groove 33 and a diametrical rectangular groove 34 are made, and the lower parts

section racks 1-9 and 20 from the side of the triangular grooves 24 are provided with a disk 35. The ball bearing 31 in the annular groove 33 is protected from soil from entering the bottom of the bit 22 with a plug 36, and in the upper

parts - a reflector 37. The disks 26 (Fig.6-10 and 12) are made with square holes 38, which are installed horizontally, parallel and eccentric relative to the axis of the shaft 25. Face

the surfaces of the disks 26 are made curved. Plain bearings 39 made of hardened steel according to GOST 1050-74 are coaxially placed on the flat upper and lower surfaces of the disks 26. The peripheral edges of the end surfaces of the disks 26 are arranged along a helical line.

For cutting slots 2 with tanks 3

the implement is hung on the energy tool 16 by means of the hitch 17 and 18 of the attachment and the arms 10 and 11 of the implement. Before starting work, the PTO of the energy tool 16 is connected

PTO shaft 15 with the input shaft of the bevel gear 14, which is connected by means of couplings to the side bevel gears 13. Support wheels 9

set the desired depth of the slit. The unit in reverse feeds to the sprinkler 1. With a hydraulic hinge of the energy tool 16, lower the implement into the sprinkler 1. Turn on the PTO of the power tool 16 and the transfer gear. When the driveshaft 15 is rotated, the receiving shaft of the gearbox 14 receives a drive, the two output shafts of which are connected by couplings to bevel gears 13.

The third output shaft of the gearbox 14, as well as the output shafts of the gearboxes 13, is connected via a splined sleeve to the spline pin 29 of the drive shaft 25 of the working body 12 for cutting slots and making focal tanks.

With continuous movement of the unit, the cutting edge 23 of the front section 19 of the rack cuts the soil formation. The lateral faces of the uprights 19 and 20 compact the vertical walls of the slit 2. The bit 22 provides a stable movement of the uprights 19 and 20 at a given depth and loosening the lower soil layer.

When the drive shaft 25 is rotated, the peripheral edges of the disks 26 receive a circular motion. Due to the eccentric placement of the disks 26 on the drive shaft 25, the end surfaces of the latter are smoothly pressed into the wall and sealed. The execution of the end surfaces of the eccentric discs 26 curvilinear provides the walls of 4 reservoirs 3 in the form of surfaces of a parabolic cylinder, which are most resistant to breaking walls from collapse and are less prone to erosion when irrigation water or drains are supplied. .

Placing the peripheral edges of the disks 26 along a helix and offset from each other at a distance of 12 ... 18 cm ensures uniform loading of the drive shaft 15 and constant power transmitted through the PTO from the energy tool 16.

The placement of disks 26 along the height of the racks 19 and 20 with a step of 12 ... 18 cm provides reservoirs 3 resistant to erosion and access of irrigation water to the roots of alfalfa through the walls of the slit 2, as well as through the loosened zone 5 of the lower part of the slit with a bit 22. Each disc 26, due to the eccentricity, smoothly presses into the side wall of the slot 2, then compacts the soil and, due to its adhesion, acquires a reactive moment, which reduces the pulling resistance of the gun. Pulsed action by the peripheral edges of the disks with a frequency of 9.0 ... 17.0 with continuous movement. unit creates an additional seal on the walls of the tanks and forms the walls curved, which increases their resistance to destruction. At a speed of 1.8 km / h for every 5.5 cm of tank length, a double impulse effect occurs. When the diameter of the disk is equal to 150 mm of the width of the tank 3 is 200 mm. At a pulse frequency of 17 s, the operating speed of the unit can be increased to 3.6 km / h with the same feed per revolution of the disk.

The implementation of the irrigation of livestock stocks or water by the proposed method is carried out as follows.

Using a gun in an aggregate with an energy tool 16, slits 2 are cut and

reservoirs 3. Then, depending on the desired irrigation regime, drains or irrigation water are supplied to the reservoirs 3 from the irrigators 1. Cutting tanks 3 is carried out once every 3-4 years. At the end of irrigation, the water supply to the irrigators 1 is stopped. Through the walls of the slit and its lower part, water flows horizontally to the roots of agricultural plants. At this time, the humidification circuits from the sprinklers 1 are closed. After irrigation, tanks 3 contribute to the improvement of air exchange, the intensification of the development of aerobic microflora, the decomposition of organic residues and better absorption of nutrients.

Crafting reservoirs 3 by pulsed action during continuous movement in the vertical alignment of slit 2 with a step of 12 ... 18

0 cm when irrigation water is supplied to them contributes to the formation of several humidification loops, eliminates siltation of reservoirs 3 by eliminating the erosion of their wall 4, and allows simultaneously covering the entire

5 soil to be moistened. The interaction of the humidification circuits with each other enhances the horizontal distribution and access of moisture to the roots of alfalfa. In the inter-irrigation period

0 soil will be intensively aerated. Crafting reservoirs 3 with curved and sealed walls 4 increases their service life and eliminates siltation, thereby providing irrigation access

5 water throughout the irrigated area.

Active working bodies with smaller overall dimensions make it possible to form molehills 3 of large dimensions, creating a reactive moment,

0 reduces the drag of the gun.

With equal energy costs and the class of aggregated tractor compared to the well-known crotch drainage machine at

Claims (2)

01. A method of sowing soil over the crops of perennial fodder crops, including cutting through slit water-catching slots with rusno located focal tanks with placement 5 displaced soil in the sidewalls of the cracks and reservoirs, characterized in that, in order to reduce the energy intensity of the process of cutting water-absorbing cracks and increase the volume of focal reservoirs, focal reservoirs are formed by pulse exposure to a frequency of 9-17 with a crowbar of 12-18 cm along the height of the slit. -1 2. A device for sowing soil on the crops of perennial fodder crops, comprising a frame, hinge brackets, support wheels and a working body for cutting slots and focal reservoirs in the form of a rack and chisel in the lower section, characterized in that the working body is made in the form of front and rear from inter-vertically arranged racks with horizontal slots symmetrically located in them, and between the racks there is a vertical drive shaft, the lower support of which is placed in the bit, and the disks are installed on the shaft horizontally and eccentrically relative to it, the end surfaces of which are made curved, and there are 10 peripheral edges along a helix. "In your & echaazhzdldegtp chtv olimgdagzd X X X / ig. / FIG. 4