RU2366142C1 - Method of basic soil cultivation, and device for method implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves operation sequence of soil layer cutting, overturning and crumbling by active work tools. Arable layer slitting with simultaneous subsurface loosening is performed before operation sequence of soil layer cutting, overturning and crumbling. Device includes frame with mounted drive, carrying wheel, section with active work tools, subsurface rippers. Active work tools are made in the form of solid spherical discs or sector assembly. Subsurface rippers are positioned on front frame bar in one line perpendicular to the device course and parallel to horizontal plane. Subsurface rippers are mounted on the frame between active work tools. Cross-section of subsurface ripper strut is made in the form of wedge oriented forward along the device course. Section with active work tools is positioned on the frame in front of subsurface rippers.

EFFECT: improved quality of basic soil cultivation, reduced energy input of power source of active work tool drive.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of primary tillage and devices for its implementation

A known method of primary tillage, including sequential operations of cutting, wrapping the soil and crumbling the soil with rotating working discs with a constant frequency (Rotary tillage mounted RPN-1.8. Operation manual, Birobidzhan, 1998).

The disadvantage of this method is the uneven processing of the soil in depth depending on its density and condition.

Disk working bodies form the crest of the bottom of the furrow. In addition, there is no mechanism for loosening the subsurface layer.

A device is known for primary tillage, including a frame on which a drive, a support wheel, a stabilizer and a working section with active disk working bodies are mounted (Rotor tillage mounted RPN-1.8. Operation manual, Birobidzhan, 1998).

The disadvantage of this device is the instability of the position of the rotating working bodies in the vertical plane depending on the density and condition of the soil, affecting the depth of cultivation, in addition, disk working bodies form ridges at the bottom of the furrow, there are no rippers of the subsoil layer.

Also known is a method of primary tillage, including sequential operations of cutting, wrapping and crumbling the soil with active working bodies, which are performed with a working speed of the working bodies proportional to the speed of the energy tool, and the working speed of the working bodies is changed relative to the nominal value, which is set depending from the soil structure, and additionally perform the operation of loosening of the subsoil, and the loosening of the subsoil is performed until soil wrapping.

The disadvantage of this method is, like analogs, the unevenness of the soil tillage in depth depending on its density and condition, since the operation of cutting the soil layer is carried out before the operation of loosening the subsurface layer, which leads to an increase in the cost of power of the energy tool for driving active workers organs.

In some cases, when processing the soil, when the rotation speed of the active working bodies is close to the value adopted for soil processing mills (see paragraph 2 of the patent claims 2137329), during the operation of wrapping the soil, the formation ruptures and the soil mixes, which adversely affects on the quality of tillage and its structure.

This is exacerbated by the fact that when the soil is plowed with active working disks of an unprepared arable layer, the furrow wall is uneven, the soil crumbles, clogging the bottom of the furrow.

In addition, the loosening of the bottom of the furrow (subsurface layer), which is produced before the turn of the formation, contributes to the swelling of the bottom of the furrow and increase the volume of soil, as a result of which there is no room for laying a wrapped formation.

A device for primary tillage (patent RU No. 2137329) is known, consisting of a frame on which a drive, a support device and a section with active working bodies in the form of continuous spherical disks or a set of sectors are mounted, is additionally equipped with subsoil cultivators installed between the active working bodies on the frame behind the section, while the rack of each cultivator is placed on the same line in the direction of travel with maximum deepening of the active working body, and the drive contains a bevel gear, rigidly closed replicated on the device’s frame, to the output shaft of which a section with active working bodies, a cardan telescopic transmission and a drive gearbox, coupled with an energy tool with the ability to set the nominal speed of the section transmitted from the PTO, and automatically adjust it depending on the speed of the energy tool.

Despite the presence in this device for primary tillage of cultivators of the subsoil layer, as well as a mechanism for automatically controlling the rotational speed of the section with active working bodies, depending on the speed of the power tool, the main drawback remains - the instability of the position of the rotating bodies of the section in the vertical plane depending on the density and soil conditions affecting the depth of its processing, as the cultivators of the subsoil layer are installed on the frame after the section with active workers RGANI.

The purpose of the invention is to ensure the quality of the main tillage and reduce the power consumption of an energy tool for driving active working bodies.

The specified goal is achieved:

a) for the main tillage method in that prior to the start of the sequential operations of cutting, wrapping and crumbling the soil layer, the arable layer is snapped while the subsoil is loosened, and the nominal speed of the active working bodies is less than half the frequency value adopted for tillage milling cutters;

b) for the main tillage device in that the cultivators of the subsoil layer are placed on the front beam of the frame on one line perpendicular to the movement of the energy tool and parallel to the horizon, and the cross section of the strut of the cultivator of the subsoil layer is made with a wedge pointed with the tip forward in the direction of travel, while the section with active working bodies is located on the frame behind the cultivators of the subsoil layer.

Thus, the claimed "method of the basis of soil cultivation and device for its implementation" meet the criterion of "novelty."

Signs that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype, in other technical solutions of this technical field are not identified, which allows us to conclude that the claimed "method of primary tillage and device for its implementation" meet the criterion of "significant differences".

Figure 1 shows a device for implementing the method of primary tillage, top view; figure 2 is the same side view; figure 3 is a section aa of figure 2.

The main tillage method comprises the operations of sowing the arable layer “H” while loosening the subsoil layer “h”, the successive operations of cutting, wrapping and crumbling the soil layer.

The sowing of the arable layer “H” is carried out simultaneously with the loosening of the arable layer “h”.

The operations of cutting, wrapping, crumbling the soil layer are performed with a frequency that is half the value of the frequencies used for tillage mills.

The operations of sowing the arable layer “H” and loosening the subsurface layer “h” are performed before the operation of cutting the layer of the arable layer “H”, which ensures the quality of the main tillage, as well as reducing the power consumption of the energy tool for driving active working bodies.

The inventive device includes a frame 1, on which are mounted at an angle to the direction of movement section 2 with active working bodies, a support wheel 3, cultivators 4 of the subsoil layer "h" with racks 5 mounted on the front beam 6 of the frame 1, gearbox 7 drive section 2 with active working bodies, cardan drive 8, going to the power take-off shaft (PTO) of an energy tool.

The cultivators 4 of the subsurface layer “h” with the uprights 5 are placed on the front beam 6 of the frame 1 in one line perpendicular to the movement of the energy tool and parallel to the horizontal plane. Rippers 4 are mounted on the frame between the active working bodies. The cross section of the rack 5 of the cultivator 4 of the subsurface layer “h” is made by a wedge directed with the tip forward along the direction of movement, while section 2 with active working bodies is located on the frame 1 behind the cultivators 4 of the subcountry layer “h”.

The device operates as follows.

When you turn on the power take-off shaft (PTO) of the power tool through the cardan gear 8, the rotation is transmitted to the gearbox 7, then section 2 with the active working bodies.

When the aggregate is moving, the first cultivators 4 of the subsoil layer “h” are buried into the soil, while the racks 5, in which the cross-section is made by the wedge, are pointed with the tip forward along the direction of movement, cut (slit) the arable layer “H”, and the cultivators 4 slightly raise the arable layer "h", since they are installed on the front beam 6 of the frame 1 in one line perpendicular to the movement of the energy tool and parallel to the horizon.

Section 2 with active working bodies is located on the frame 1 behind the cultivators 4 of the subsurface layer "h" and racks 5, therefore, it comes into operation after loosening the subsurface layer "h" and snapping of a slightly raised layer "H".

When the unit moves with the PTO engaged, the main load falls on the rotating active working bodies of section 2, with the help of which they cut, wrap and crumble the soil layer.

Since the soil is partially loosened, the drive of section 2 with active working bodies requires less power coming from an energy source, in addition, the working depth regulated by the support wheel 3 is stabilized and the quality of the soil treatment is improved by improving the quality of the furrow wall and good turnover layer.

The device for primary tillage is made of standard materials using standard products and can be implemented on standard equipment.

Claims (3)

1. The method of primary tillage, consisting of sequential operations of cutting, wrapping and crumbling the soil layer by active working bodies and the additional operation of loosening the subsurface layer, characterized in that prior to the beginning of the sequential operations of cutting, wrapping and crumbling the soil layer, the operations of sowing the arable layer with simultaneous loosening of the subsurface layer. 2. The method of primary tillage according to claim 1, characterized in that the nominal value of the rotational speed of the active working bodies is set to half the value of the frequencies adopted for tillage cutters. 3. A device for primary tillage, consisting of a frame on which the drive is mounted, a support wheel, a section with active working bodies in the form of continuous spherical disks or a set of sectors, as well as subsoil cultivators mounted on the frame between the active working bodies, characterized in that the cultivators of the subsurface layer are placed on the front beam of the frame on one line perpendicular to the direction of movement of the energy tool and parallel to the horizontal plane, and the cross section of the rack of the cultivator The subsurface layer is made in the form of a wedge directed with the tip forward along the direction of movement of the device, while the section with active working bodies is located on the frame behind the cultivators of the subsurface layer.

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