RU1786624C

RU1786624C - Electric drive

Info

Publication number: RU1786624C
Application number: SU904826946A
Authority: RU
Inventors: Анатолий Иосифович Танатар; Валентина Ивановна Прокопенко; Александр Вячеславович Карпенко; Олег Валентинович Скрипка
Original assignee: Днепропетровский инженерно-строительный институт
Priority date: 1990-05-21
Filing date: 1990-05-21
Publication date: 1993-01-07

Abstract

Использование в электроприводах подъемно-транспортных машин. Сущность изобретени заключаетс в том, что в начале пуска одна из двух не вывернутых фаз статора подключаетс не к линейному, а к нулевому проводу. При использовании привода в крановых механизмах в устройстве предусмотрен тормозной электромагнит 13. 1 ил....Use in electric drives of hoisting-and-transport machines. The essence of the invention lies in the fact that at the beginning of start-up, one of the two uninverted phases of the stator is connected not to a linear but to a neutral wire. When using the drive in crane mechanisms, the device has a brake electromagnet 13. 1 ill ....

Description

Изобретение относитс к области электротехники , преимущественно к области электропривода подъемного-транспортных машин, отличающихс большим приведенным зазором в передачах (например, в механизмах поворота башенных кранов).The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, mainly to the field of electric drive of hoisting-transport vehicles, characterized by a large reduced clearance in the gears (for example, in the turning mechanisms of tower cranes).

.Известно устройство дл безударного пуска асинхронного двигател с тиристор- ныМ коммутатором в статорной цепи, состо щее из блока управлени , формировател напр жени , эмиттерного повторител , резисторов .. .. A device is known for shock-free starting of an induction motor with a thyristor switch in the stator circuit, consisting of a control unit, a voltage driver, an emitter follower, resistors ...

Недостатком такой системы вл етс сложность и недостаточна надежность.The disadvantage of such a system is complexity and lack of reliability.

Известно также устройство в котором с целью уменьшени динамических нагрузок в передачах используетс тиристорный коммутатор в цепи статора двигател , блок пер- воначального и окончательного пуска, датчик состо ни тиристоров, RS-триггеров, а также пороговых схем.A device is also known in which, in order to reduce dynamic loads in gears, a thyristor switch is used in the stator circuit of the engine, an initial and final start block, a state sensor for thyristors, RS flip-flops, as well as threshold circuits.

Недостатком этого устройства, нар ду с пониженной надежностью, вл етс низкое быстродействие и возможность сбо коммутации между блокам первоначального и окончательного пуска. Наиболее близким по техническому решению вл етс устройство дл управлени процессом пуска ко- роткозамкнутого асинхронного двигател , содержащее командоконтроллер,два рёвер- сирующих контактора,контактор дл переключени одной фазы статора двигател , реле времени и однофазный выпр мительный мост с четырьм диодами.The disadvantage of this device, along with reduced reliability, is its low speed and the possibility of switching failures between the initial and final start-up units. The closest in technical solution is a device for controlling the start-up process of a short-circuited asynchronous motor, comprising a command controller, two reversing contactors, a contactor for switching one phase of the motor stator, a time relay and a single-phase rectifier bridge with four diodes.

В этом устройстве в начале пуска обмотка статора подключаетс к трем линейным проводам, при чем у одной из фаз (например , третьей) мен ютс местами начало и конец обмотки. При этом двигатель начинает вращатьс с пониженной скоростью, необходимой дл выбора зазоров в передачах. По окончании этого процесса начало и конец третьей фазы статора мен ютс местами и двигатель начинает работать с номинальной скоростью в заданном направлении . Недостатком этого устройства вл ютс повышенные потери энергии в двигателе, обуславливающие интенсивный нагрев, что может привести к его преждевременному выходу из стро . Дл предотвращени преждевременного выхода из стро в схеме предусмотрено реле времени, размыкающее цепь питани схемы управлени электроприводом.In this device, at the beginning of start-up, the stator winding is connected to three line wires, with the beginning and the end of the winding being exchanged in one of the phases (for example, the third). In this case, the engine starts to rotate at the reduced speed necessary to select the gaps in the gears. At the end of this process, the beginning and end of the third phase of the stator are interchanged and the motor starts to run at rated speed in a given direction. The disadvantage of this device is the increased energy loss in the engine, causing intense heating, which can lead to its premature failure. To prevent premature failure, the circuit has a time relay that opens the power circuit of the drive control circuit.

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Целью насто щего изобретени вл етс повышение надежности работы привода и снижение расхода электроэнергии, за счет того, что в начале пуска одна из двух не вывернутых фаз статора подключаетс не к линейному, а к нулевому проводу,The aim of the present invention is to increase the reliability of the drive and reduce energy consumption, due to the fact that at the beginning of start-up one of the two uninverted phases of the stator is connected not to a linear but to a neutral wire.

На чертеже показан предлагаемый электропривод.The drawing shows the proposed drive.

В электропривод, содержащий асинхронный электродвигатель 1 с короткозамк- нутым ротором, включены два контактора направлени вращени вперед 2 назад 3 с двум замыкающими главными контактами в статорной цепи двигател и двум размыкающими блок-контактами в цеп х управлени , двух контакторов 4 и 5 дл переключени обмотки статора с трем главными замыкающими контактами у каждого, двух сдвоенных кнопок пуска 6 и 7 в цеп х катушек контакторов направлени Вперед 6 и Назад 7, кнопки стоп в цеп х катушек контакторов направлени вращени , два реле напр жени 9 и 10, катушки которых подключены к питающей сети через замыкающиес контакты кнопок пуска вперед 6 и назад 7 (катушка реле 10) и через размыкающиес контакты реле времени 11 (катушка реле 9), Катушка которого подключена к выходу четырехплечего выпр мительного моста 12 через размыкающиес блок-контакты контакторов направлени вращени Вперед 2 и Назад 3.The drive contains an asynchronous squirrel-cage rotor motor 1, includes two forward direction reversing contactors 3 backward contactors with two main contacts in the stator circuit of the motor and two NC block contacts in the control circuits, two contactors 4 and 5 for switching the winding a stator with three main make contacts for each, two dual start buttons 6 and 7 in the directional contactor coil circuits Forward 6 and Back 7, stop buttons in the directional contactor coil circuits, two voltage 9 and 10, the coils of which are connected to the mains through the closing contacts of the start buttons forward 6 and back 7 (relay coil 10) and through the opening contacts of the time relay 11 (relay coil 9), the coil of which is connected to the output of the four-arm rectifier bridge 12 through the opening contact blocks of the directional contactors Forward 2 and Back 3.

При использовании привода в крановых механизмах в устройстве предусмотрен тормозной электромагнит 13.When using the drive in crane mechanisms, a brake electromagnet 13 is provided in the device.

Claims

The claims

An electric drive comprising a three-phase asynchronous motor with a squirrel-cage rotor, a first contactor with a coil and two make contacts, two forward and reverse contactors with a coil, two make and break contacts each,

a time relay with a coil and an NC contact, a switch whose rectifier four-arm bridge / AC terminals are connected to the circuit breakers, a cathode terminal of a rectifier four-arm bridge is connected to one terminal of the relay coil, a terminal of the NC contact of the time relay is connected to the line wire switch, one of the outputs of the coils of the contactors of the direction of rotation Forward and Back are connected to one terminal of the NC contacts of the opposite contactors, their other terminals are connected to one terminal the coils of the first contactor and are connected to the switch of the first phase of the power source, the beginning of the first phase of the stator winding through the first

the make contact of the first contactor is connected to the end of the second phase, the beginning of which through the first make contact of the contactors of the direction of rotation

Forward and Back are respectively intended for connecting to the second and third phases of the power supply, one terminal of the second make contact of the directional contactors Forward and Back are designed for connecting to the first second phase of the power supply, the end of the first phase is connected to the seventh terminal of the second make contact of the first contactor the second and third phases are interconnected, characterized in that, in order to increase reliability and reduce energy consumption, the Stop button and the Forward and Backward buttons are entered into it mind each with a make contact, a second contactor with a coil and three make contacts, a first voltage relay with a coil and two make and two make contacts, a second relay

voltages with a coil and an opening contact, a brake electromagnet with a ka-coil, and forward and reverse direction contactors are equipped with a closing and a second opening contacts each, a time relay is equipped with two closing contacts each, a time relay is equipped with two closing contacts, the first contactor is equipped with a third a make contact, one pin of the Stop button is connected to the line wire switch, another pin is connected to one pin of the first and second make contacts of the Forward and buttons. Back first closing

the contacts of which are shunted respectively by the third closing contacts of the Forward and Backward directional contactors, the other terminals of the first closing contacts of the Forward and

Back are connected respectively to one combined terminals of the first and second make contacts of the time relay and the first voltage relay, other outputs of the first make contact of the first voltage relay and the second make contact of the time relay are connected and connected to the output of the contactor coil of the direction of rotation Forward and other conclusions of the second make contact

the first voltage relay and the first make contact of the time relay are combined and connected to the other output of the rotation direction coil Previous, the other conclusions of the second make contact of the buttons Forward

and Back are connected to one terminal of the coils of the second voltage relay and the second contactor, the other terminals of which, respectively, through the first NC contact of the first and second voltage relay are connected to one terminal of the coil of the first contactor and to one terminal of the coil of the first voltage relay, the other terminal of which is connected to another terminal of the NC contact of the time relay, another terminal of the coil of the first contactor through the second NC of the first voltage relay is connected to one terminal of the Stop button, the other terminals the ears of the time switch and the opening contact of the time relay, one of the conclusions of the fourth make contacts of the forward and reverse direction contactors are designed to connect respectively to the second and first phases of the power supply, the other conclusions of the second and fourth make contacts of the forward and back direction contactors, respectively, are combined and connected to the other terminal of the second make contact

the first contactor and one terminal of the first make contact of the second contactor, the other terminal of which is connected to the beginning of the first phase of the stator winding, the end of which through the second make contact of the second contactor is connected to the end of the second phase of the stator winding, the beginning of which is connected through the coil of the brake electromagnet to other conclusions

the fourth and second make contacts, respectively, of the direction-of-rotation contactors Forward and Back, and with one output of the third make contact of the second contactor, the other output of which

connected to the beginning of the third phase of the stator winding and to one terminal of the third make contact of the first contactor, the other terminal of which is designed to be connected to the neutral wire, the anode

the output of the four-arm bridge through the second connected NC contacts of the Back and Forward contactors in series is connected respectively to the other output of the time relay coil.